Structural Classification of Nanomaterials

A new structural classification of nanomaterials is proposed; it is based on the different natures of structural nanoelements that radically change the properties of nanomaterials. This new structural classification of nanocrystals is analyzed from a standpoint of their deformation behavior. The size series of nanocrystals is divided into three groups in which different plastic deformation mechanisms determined by a predominant structural element operate.     

Classification of limb defects

Pseudotumor cerebri is an unusual presentation of Lyme disease. The case of an 8-year-old girl with pseudotumor cerebri secondary to acute neuroborreliosis is reported. She presented with acute onset of headache, papilledema, sixth nerve palsy, increased intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid Lyme antibodies were positive. Twelve reported cases that mostly presented with systemic findings and signs of Lyme disease before development of pseudotumor cerebri were reviewed. We conclude that acute neuroborreliosis can present with pseudotumor cerebri as an initial manifestation. It is important to include Lyme disease in the differential diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri in an area endemic for Lyme disease.     

Classification of ethmoid malignancies

This article introduces the basic principles of reading electrocardiograms (ECGs) for nurses who are unfamiliar with reading them. For more experienced practitioners there are a number of useful articles and books (e.g. Hampton, 1992a, b) that will help further their knowledge. The ECG records cardiac electrical activity as a graph; interpretation is illustrated here by sinus rhythm. A single ECG lead (lead II) is used throughout this article. Atrial fibrillation is described to show a contrasting dysrhythmia. Specific nursing care is suggested for patients being monitored or having ECGs taken.     

Classification of mandibular defects

A classification of mandibular defects based on functional as well as aesthetic factors is presented. By taking into account the difficulties in restoring form and function and not simply relying on traditional anatomic landmarks, it is hoped that this method will allow different types of reconstructions to be fairly evaluated. It also should help surgeons to tailor individual reconstructive techniques to specific clinical situations. Major difficulties in mandibular reconstruction arise when a condyle requires replacement, when there is a mucosal and/or skin component to the defect, and when the area to be reconstructed involves the anterior arch. The classification is based on three upper-case and three lower-case characters: H, C, L and o, m, s. H defects are lateral defects of any length, including the condyle but not significantly crossing the midline; L defects are the same only without the condyle; C defects consist of the entire central segment containing the four incisors and the two canines. Combinations of these letters are possible (an angle-to-angle defect, for example, is represented as LCL). Thus H and L defects may reach or even extend slightly beyond the midline but are not referred to as LC or HC unless they contain the entire central segment. The letters o (neither a skin nor a mucosal component), s (skin), m (mucosa), and sm (skin plus mucosa) are added to denote the epithelial requirement.     

Classification of personality traits.

In this article, empirical and conceptual classifications of personality traits are reviewed and discussed. A new classification is proposed that uses three sets of crosscutting variables: instrumental, affective, and cognitive; social versus nonsocial; and self versus nonself. The resulting table reveals which traits are most frequently studied and which need more attention. The patterning of traits that show sex differences suggests their origin. Adult traits are classified as well as those occurring in childhood and infancy, and implications are drawn for personality development. In addition to content traits, stylistic traits are classified. Compared to extant organizations of traits, this one is more detailed and more closely linked to variables outside the classification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

怀宁方言的归属

确定一种方言的归属,除了要参照语言各要素的综合标准,还必须考虑与之相关的社会历史、地理环境、当地人的认同感等其他重要因素.研究过渡区方言的归属,应在结合社会历史、当地人认同感的基础上重新确定方言调查点和方言归属的依据,从语音、词汇、语法等方面将待定的过渡方言和邻近的典型方言进行比较,以确定其归属.从多角度综合标准看,处在江淮官话和赣语过渡区的怀宁方言应归属江淮官话.     

Classification of acute bacterial enteropathies

The first part considers pathogenic microorganisms (Vibrio cholerae and parahaemolytic vibrio, Clostridium welchii, enteropathogenic E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, other enterobacteria and pseudomonas. Yersinia, simply enterotoxic Staphylococcus and that producing acute enteritis) and the process of infection (formation of a surface link without endocellular penetration with elaboration of hexotoxins, formation of a surface link with subsequent intracellular penetration, submucosa penetration). The second part discusses Salmonellae on the basis of personal experience. Particular attention is paid to current aspects of Salmonella microbiological pathomorphosis, the various isolated serotypes in relation to carriers or patients, biochemical atypias of Salmonellae strains, present-day aspects of resistance to chemoantibiotic treatment and the transfer of Salmonella Wien resistances.