双入口直切式旋风分离器流场内旋进涡核现象的研究

主要研究了双入口直切式旋风分离器流场中的一种涡核非稳态现象———旋进涡核。实验表明 ,旋进涡核存在于分离器排尘口下部及锥体中下部 ,在排尘口处涡核摆动最强烈 ,同时涡核的摆动在一定操作参数下具有一定的频率和幅值 ,因此势必会造成粉尘的夹带返混 ,致使分离器效率降低。与单入口旋风分离器相比 ,双入口直切式旋风分离器内旋进涡核频率降低 ,幅值减小 ,但范围不变。说明入口形式是否轴对称对旋进涡核的存在与否不起主要作用     

旋风分离器旋进涡核的数值模拟

采用雷诺应力模型对旋风分离器内三维非稳态流场进行了模拟计算。结果表明,旋风分离器全空间内都存在旋进涡核现象。对旋进涡核现象和旋进涡核中心的运动规律进行了详细的描述,分析了不同轴向位置的旋进涡核区域内不同点的速度波动幅值和频率,得到了旋进涡核影响范围以及速度波动规律;通过分析旋进涡核中心的运动频率,得到了旋进涡核出现的强度。模拟结果与采用热线风速仪以及激光粒子成像技术(PIV)测定的实验结果基本吻合。研究结果可以分析旋进涡核对分离效率和压降的影响。     

旋风分离器入口形式对内流场非稳态特性的影响

旋进涡核(PVC)现象会削弱旋风分离器对细颗粒的捕集效率。利用数值模拟方法研究纯气相流场中涡核的运动频率和偏心程度。结果表明:随着蜗壳包角的增大,排尘口截面涡核的运动频率和偏心程度都逐渐减小,PVC现象被削弱,蜗壳包角大于270°以后,纯气相流场中的PVC现象基本消失。入口切进度对排尘口截面涡核运动特性的影响会因蜗壳包角而有所不同。相比于入口结构的对称性,涡核偏心程度与下行气流的能量损失相关性更强。下行气流的能量损失越多,下行期间汇入内旋流的气流能量越高,内旋上行气流受到的横向扰动越大,汇入气流的能量超过某一阈值后,引发涡核摆动。而涡核旋转频率受下行气流能量损失的影响则较小。     

旋风分离器入口形式对内流场非稳态特性的影响

旋进涡核（PVC）现象会削弱旋风分离器对细颗粒的捕集效率。利用数值模拟方法研究纯气相流场中涡核的运动频率和偏心程度。结果表明：随着蜗壳包角的增大,排尘口截面涡核的运动频率和偏心程度都逐渐减小,PVC现象被削弱,蜗壳包角大于270°以后,纯气相流场中的PVC现象基本消失。入口切进度对排尘口截面涡核运动特性的影响会因蜗壳包角而有所不同。相比于入口结构的对称性,涡核偏心程度与下行气流的能量损失相关性更强。下行气流的能量损失越多,下行期间汇入内旋流的气流能量越高,内旋上行气流受到的横向扰动越大,汇入气流的能量超过某一阈值后,引发涡核摆动。而涡核旋转频率受下行气流能量损失的影响则较小。     

环流式旋风分离器旋进涡核的数值分析

采用雷诺应力模型对环流式旋风除尘器中三维非稳态流场进行了数值模拟计算.分析了环流式旋风分离器中旋进涡核的频率及幅值沿径向和轴向的变化规律.比较了环流式旋风分离器与 DⅢ型旋风分离器中旋进涡核的特征参数.结果表明:环流式旋风分离器与 DⅢ型旋风分离器相比,环流式旋风分离器中的旋进涡核平均波动频率降低了58%,最大波动幅值减少26%.     

两级串联旋风分离器旋进涡核现象的数值模拟

针对旋风分离器的内部涡核随时间发生周期性振荡,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对两级串联旋风分离器内三维非稳态流场进行模拟计算,对比分析1、2级分离器内压力脉动规律。结果发现:1、2级分离器内脉动主频一致,但第2级分离器内存在较高的二倍频和三倍频;随着轴向高度的降低,1、2级旋进涡核的摆动幅度逐渐减小;入口气速的提高会增加1、2级分离器旋进涡核的频率及幅度。模拟结果与工业现场测得结果基本吻合。研究结果对两级串联旋风分离系统的改进有重要意义。     

防返混锥对旋风分离器流场影响的大涡模拟

防返混锥可用于常规旋风分离器的改造以提升分离性能。基于大涡模拟(LES),从平均流场、湍流脉动和流场稳定性等方面,系统地研究了配置防返混锥后旋风分离器全局流场的变化情况。具体结论如下:圆筒段和圆锥段的平均切向速度略有提升、中心平均轴向速度轻微上移,灰斗壁面附近的切向速度几乎不变、轴向速度有所提升,灰斗底部中心区域的切向速度和轴向速度均明显降低;防返混锥附近切向与轴向的湍流脉动轴对称性有所恶化,且局部位置脉动数值增幅较大,但灰斗底部区域的脉动得以削弱;尽管在临近防返混锥的区域内旋进涡核(PVC)摆动有所增强,但全局流域的涡核平均偏心距仍降低了近21.3%。     

旋风分离器锥体局部磨损对内流场及性能的影响

为了探究局部磨损对旋风分离器性能的影响,采用Oka磨损方程以及计算流体动力学(CFD)对旋风分离器壁面磨损以及内流场特性进行数值模拟,考察旋风分离器内流场等参数随磨损厚度增大的变化规律。结果表明,旋风分离器壁在锥体底部排尘口附近壁面局部磨损严重,形成螺旋形冲蚀磨损带。磨损引起设备几何结构的改变会导致切向速度降低,颗粒所受离心力降低,锥体内局部涡强度及影响范围增大,涡核旋进(PVC)的影响加大,不利于主流的稳定与固体颗粒的分离。与未磨损时相比,当局部磨损厚度为20 mm时,粒径为4μm的颗粒分离效率由100%降低至93%,分割粒径由1.3增大至1.9μm,设备压降降低了约40%。研究工作对保障旋风分离器的长期安全稳定运行具有重要理论指导意义。     

浅谈旋进旋涡气体流量计在天然气湿气计量中的应用

目前大庆油田采油三厂天然气湿气计量主要采用两种仪表:一种是孔板阀配差压变送器的测气,这种测气精度高可达0.5级,被应用在天然气贸易结算口。另一种是旋进旋涡气体流量计,这种流量计因其无机械可动部件,耐腐蚀,使用寿命长,线性测量范围宽,稳定可靠,长期运转无需维护等优点而被广泛应用在油气中转站和联合站的湿气计量中。本文针对非智能型旋进旋涡流量计和智能旋进旋涡流量计,在现场应用中所出现的问题来阐述流量计的应用情况。     

总目次

对化工设备制造行业结构调整的一些思考潘连生 (1 2 5 )………………………………………………………………………试验研究双入口直切式旋风分离器流场内旋进涡核现象的研究吴小林　严超宇　时铭显 (1 )………………………………………横掠椭圆钉头管换热及流阻特性的实验研究周　艳　郭建章　魏东红等 (5 )………………………………………………带轴涡轮转子在立式超速试验台上的超速试验吴荣仁　李　勤　洪伟荣等 (8)……………………………………………型板换热器的传热性能和阻力降特性研究刘志军　史启财　刘凤霞 (63 )……………………     

基于涡街压电信号的质量流量计

通过对涡街流量传感器的信号分析,发现涡街信号的幅值和流体的密度及其流速的平方成正比,而涡街信号的频率与流体的速度成正比,所以,涡街信号中包含了流体的流速和密度的信息,提出用涡街信号的幅值进行密度补偿的方法,并通过实验加以验证。     

Experimental study of the vortex end in centrifugal separators: The nature of the vortex end

The nature of the vortex end (or the “tail end” or “tip”) in reverse-flow centrifugal gas cleaning equipment, cyclones and swirl tubes, has been studied by visualization using a stroboscope and high-time-resolution pressure measurements. The core of the vortex is shown to bend to the wall of the separator, and rotate around the wall, forming the ring-shaped pattern normally observed at the vortex end. The end of the vortex was found to occur higher in the swirl tube (“less stable vortex”) when the solid loading is increased, and when the volumetric flow rate to the tube is decreased. The frequency with which the vortex core rotates varies with the gas flow rate and was found to be about the same as the frequency with which the gas rotates higher in the separator. The time-averaged wall pressure suddenly decreases in the separator body at the point where the vortex end attaches to the wall.     

Vortex formation in stirred draining vessels

When water was rotated by means of a “horse-shoe” stirrer in a vertical, cylindrical tank and a stream was withdrawn from the bottom through a central exit pipe, a pronounced filament-like vortex was formed under certain conditions. Experiments were performed to determine the factors which influenced the height of the vortex. The effects of vessel sue, stirrer geometry, rotational speed, exit flow rate and exit pipe diameter on vortex depth were studied. It was found that the vortex depth was highly dependent on the rotational speed, exit flow rate and exit pipe diameter. It was also found that under certain flow conditions the vortex penetrated the exit pipe. A relationship between the vortex depth and the pertinent variables was developed using dimensional analysis. The relationship resulting from a regression analysis of the dimensionless groups affecting the vortex depth was found to be: Motion picutes were taken showing the flow characteristics in the vicinity of the vortex by using a dye tracer technique. Ways of inhibiting vortex formation were also examined.     

Large‐Scale Experiments on the Formation of Surface Vortices with and without Vortex Suppression

Experiments were carried out in a 50‐m³ cylindrical tank to determine the influence of strong momentum on the formation of large‐scale gas‐core vortices. Gas‐core lengths were measured for varying volume flow rates and submergence depths. The critical Froude numbers were also determined and the efficiency of different vortex suppressors on the gas‐core formation was investigated. The horizontal velocity field inside the vortex core region was additionally recorded using particle image velocimetry. The experimental results were used to verify numerical simulations and compared to vortex models and correlations from literature.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAILING VORTEX (DISCHARGED WAKE VORTEX) PRODUCED BY A FLAT BLADE TURBINE

The characteristics of the trailing vortex systems generated behind the blades of a fan turbine (denoted here as discharged wake vortex) were elucidated through a simultaneous measurement of the three components of velocity of the impeller discharge stream. A conditional sampling technique was applied to extract the well developed vortex signals. Totally 373 vortex signals were sampled. It was found that in spite of the scale of the vortex core being small (about one fourth of the impeller blade width), its rotational and axial velocities reach equal to and higher than the blade tip velocity, respectively. From these results, it was estimated that the discharge velocity of the vortex core is 2.4 times the impeller mean discharge velocity and the kinetic energy carried by the vortex core per unit area is 14.5 times larger than that of the impeller discharge stream. These results demonstrate how much the vorlex contributes not only to gas or liquid dispersion but also to mixing in the impeller region.     

LIQUID DISPERSION MECHANISMS IN AGITATED TANKS: PART I. PITCHED BLADE TURBINE

An oil into water dispersion, created by a pitched blade turbine, was observed using high speed, stereoscopic motion pictures. Two different dispersion mechanisms were responsible for the break-up of the oil drops, even though both mechanisms occurred in the vortex system trailing from the impeller blade tips. The first mechanism could be described as ligament stretching, since large oil drops were stretched by fluid shear to form elongated ligaments, which subsequently ruptured into small drops. The second mechanism was turbulent fragmentation, where large oil drops were shattered into large droplet clouds the instant they entered the trailing vortex system. Observations of the oil drops undergoing ligament stretching also indicated that velocities in the trailing vortex system were proportional to impeller tip speed.     

LIQUID DISPERSION MECHANISMS IN AGITATED TANKS: PART I. PITCHED BLADE TURBINE

An oil into water dispersion, created by a pitched blade turbine, was observed using high speed, stereoscopic motion pictures. Two different dispersion mechanisms were responsible for the break-up of the oil drops, even though both mechanisms occurred in the vortex system trailing from the impeller blade tips. The first mechanism could be described as ligament stretching, since large oil drops were stretched by fluid shear to form elongated ligaments, which subsequently ruptured into small drops. The second mechanism was turbulent fragmentation, where large oil drops were shattered into large droplet clouds the instant they entered the trailing vortex system. Observations of the oil drops undergoing ligament stretching also indicated that velocities in the trailing vortex system were proportional to impeller tip speed.     

泰勒反应器中流体流动及停留时间分布研究

以水为介质对泰勒反应器中的流动状况和停留时间及其分布(RTD)进行了研究,并应用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对反应器进行了流场模拟和RTD计算。结果表明,在实验范围内,泰勒反应器中停留时间分布受内筒转速、轴向流动速率等因素影响,基于流体力学计算结果与实验结果基本相当。