燃料乙醇用高产酒精酵母的筛选及鉴定

采用含有高浓度酒精选择性培养基从自然界中分离得到115株耐高酒精酵母，经过初筛、复筛，得到1株高产酒精酵母菌株SP—48，在料水比1：2，发酵72h的条件下，静止发酵，成熟醇酒精的体积分数可达16．2。经签定该酵母属(Saocharomyoes)的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cervisiae)。     

发酵米酒中一些霉菌和酵母的性质与应用研究

从发酵米酒中分离筛选出2株能降解淀粉的霉菌和3株产酒精酵母菌,并对其发酵条件、产糖能力、产酒精量进行了初步研究.结果表明,1株霉菌对淀粉具有高糖化作用,28℃时淀粉转化率最高可达30.4%;在酵母产酒精试验中,1株酵母的积累酒精产量最高可达13.5%(v/v).发酵应用试验中,采用二次投入法得到的发酵米酒酒味醇香,酸甜适中.     

陕西稠酒小曲中高产酒精酵母的筛选和鉴定

从陕西糯米稠酒小曲中分离得到11株酵母菌,经过产气性能实验、TTC显色实验,初筛得到4株酵母,再通过发酵实验复筛,最终筛选出1株高产酒精酵母Y11。该菌株在28℃条件下,静止发酵96h后酒精体积分数可达10.5。通过形态分析和生理生化实验鉴定为酵母属(Saccharomyces)的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。     

自然发酵哈密瓜果汁中酵母分离与鉴定

从自然发酵的哈密瓜汁中分离得到25株形态较好的酵母菌株,经过初筛、复筛,得到1株产酒精能力好,产气较快,最适温度28℃,能耐受150mg／L的SO2,耐浓度为15％的酒精的酵母菌株HM02。经鉴定该酵母为酵母属的酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisive）。     

靖州杨梅果酒发酵菌种筛选、鉴定及发酵性能研究

以不同杨梅园杨梅鲜果、杨梅叶和果园土壤为原料,共分离得到172株酵母菌。采用显色法、杜氏管法、糖发酵法和杨梅酒发酵法进行四级筛选,获得3株综合性能优良的菌株;经形态学、分子生物学鉴定为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)RY1、仙人掌有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora opuntiae)DY5与有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora pseudoquilliermondii)JW14。通过发酵性能研究发现,3株酵母均能耐受可溶性固形物含量(SSC)为32%、SO_2添加量为200mg/L、酒精含量为16%Vol、pH为2.0的环境;RY1酵母具有较强的发酵性能及耐受能力,适宜发酵杨梅果酒,DY5和JW14酵母具有较好的产香能力,适宜辅助发酵为杨梅酒增香。     

高效酒精酵母菌的选育及鉴定

从各种腐败水果、葡萄园里土壤等不同基质中筛选分离得到144株酵母菌,采用耐热、耐酒精处理方法,结合TTC法初筛和复筛试验得到一株酒精发酵的高产酵母菌株,编号为TJ-18。研究结果表明,该菌糖利用率较高,且发酵力突出,40℃培养72 h,CO2失重为10.4 g,酒精产率最高可达5.9%(体积分数)。对其形态及特征做了常规鉴定实验,根据生理生化试验结果,并对照《TheYeast》对酵母的描述,确定TJ-18为酵母属的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。     

使用絮凝酵母进行酒精连续发酵的研究

S．cerevisiaeKG．是从多株优良菌株分离得到的。这株菌种在生长、酒精发酵和絮凝特性等方面具有较高的活力。对这株酒精酵母的絮凝特性，即温度、pH、Ca+2浓度、菌体浓度和可发酵性糖对酵母絮凝特性的影响以及发酵液静置时酵母沉降分布进行了研究，并将该菌株应用在酒精连续发酵过程中（酒精连续发酵装置为具有细胞循环的双罐系统），酒精生产强度达到了30．5g/1·h。     

酒精发酵酵母与产黄酮类色素酵母原生质体融合研究

以酒精发酵酵母K211和产黄酮类色素酵母PY-1两酵母菌株为亲本,进行双亲灭活原生质体融合育种实验;以期得到既带色素又有一定产酒力的酒精发酵酵母新菌株.另,过程中对于灭活参数进行初步优化,得到:85℃下对酵母菌K211灭活35min,85℃下对酵母菌PY-1灭活30min,为最佳条件.在融合子初步筛选过程中,通过感官评价进行反复比较筛选,最终得剑6株产酒、产色明显的融合子.通过发酵实验及传代培养,成功地分离出1株产酒力较高的融合子KP8-2.     

酿造糯米酒优良根霉与酵母菌株的筛选

为开展纯菌种液态曲糯米酒酿造工艺研究,对九种传统糯米酒曲进行优良菌种筛选试验.经液化力、糖化力测试选取3种酒曲,从中分离纯化出9株根霉,对其进行糖化试验,筛选出一株30℃糖化70h产总糖(354.0g/L)、葡萄糖(153g/L)最高的根霉E-2.经产酒精能力测试选取4种酒曲,从中分离纯化出10株酵母,对其进行发酵力试验,筛选出一株30℃发酵80h产酒精量最大,发酵效率(92.9％)最高的酵母Y-1Y.     

猕猴桃果醋及其果醋饮料的研究

以成熟猕猴桃为主要原料,经酒精发酵和醋酸发酵生产猕猴桃果醋。经对比试验确定了酒母配比(果酒酵母与酒精酵母比2:1)和适宜的发酵条件(酒精发酵25℃、48 h,醋酸发酵34℃、16 d)以及澄清方法,最后将果醋调配成果醋饮料。     

Relationships between disease control,green leaf duration,grain quality and the production of alcohol from winter wheat

BACKGROUND: Since demand for distilling wheat is expected to increase rapidly as a result of the development of the bioethanol industry, efficient production will become of increasing importance. Achieving this will require an understanding of the agronomic factors that influence both grain yield and alcohol yield. Therefore five field experiments using the winter distilling wheat variety Glasgow were conducted over three seasons (2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009) to study the relationships between foliar disease and alcohol yield. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between alcohol yield and the severity of the disease septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici), which was present in the experiments from natural infection. Retention of green flag leaf area as affected by disease control following fungicide application was also shown to be important for achieving high alcohol yields. Measurements of grain quality showed that high thousand‐grain weight and low grain protein concentration were significantly related to increased alcohol yield. CONCLUSION: The experiments showed the importance of disease management to protect alcohol yields in the distilling wheat crop. Fungicides that provide greater disease control and improved green leaf retention are likely to be beneficial to alcohol yield. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

原生质体融合构建耐高温酵母菌株

通过原生质体融合选育耐高温的酵母 ,以解决在纤维素类物质同步发酵过程中酵母发酵温度同纤维素酶酶解温度不一致的问题。利用电场诱导原生质体融合技术对产酒率高的菌株Sb1和产酒率低但耐高温的菌株No 30进行融合。经过融合条件的选择 ,分别对 2亲株进行遗传标记 ,3 5 %蜗牛酶处理原生质体 ,在脉冲强度为 11kV、宽度 10 μS、次数为 2次时进行融合 ,得到数株融合子。鉴定得知 ,融合子 2是所需要的融合子 ,其在固态发酵 45℃时产酒精能力达到体积分数 7 2 8%。     

Predicting Alcohol Yield from UK Soft Winter Wheat for Grain Distilling: Combined Influence of Hardness and Nitrogen Measurements

The work reported in this paper showed that whilst grain nitrogen is a key player in determining the alcohol yield obtained from soft winter wheat, other parameters such as grain hardness may also be important. A strong positive correlation was found between grain hardness and grain nitrogen and both parameters affected alcohol yield of processed wheat in a similar way. Although an inverse relationship between alcohol yield and grain nitrogen was observed at each of four growing sites, this relationship was stronger for wheat grown at moderate nitrogen sites than at higher or lower nitrogen sites. A similar inverse relationship, comparable to that obtained for nitrogen, was also found between alcohol yield and grain hardness. Further statistical analysis showed that an improved prediction of alcohol yield can be obtained based on measures of both hardness and total nitrogen, as opposed to total nitrogen alone. Residue viscosity did not appear to directly influence alcohol yield. However, some correlation was observed between both grain nitrogen and hardness and residue viscosity at certain sites. While correlation between nitrogen and residue viscosity was observed at the site with the highest nitrogen content, correlation between hardness and residue viscosity was observed at the two sites where nitrogen content was highest. Finally, scanning electron microscopy revealed that very high protein content was found to result in deformation of the starch structure, limiting access of starch during processing and lowering alcohol yield.     

不同方法提取香蕉皮中果胶的研究

香蕉皮经不同方法提取而得果胶提取液,分别以乙醇沉淀法和盐析法从提取液中沉淀果胶。研究并取得了不同提取方法的最佳提取条件,比较了不同提取方法的乙醇消耗量,探索了不同方法对果胶提取得率和品质的影响。结果表明:酸解醇析法所消耗的乙醇量几乎为盐析法乙醇消耗量的两倍;盐析法省去稀酸提取液浓缩工序和减少乙醇回收量,节省能耗,降低生产成本,并能保证较高的提取得率和果胶品质。     

高糖化酶活菌株的选育及其在山西老陈醋酿造中的应用

采用N~+注入、氯化锂-紫外线复合诱变方法对糖化酶生产菌株黑曲霉As3.4309反复进行诱变处理,获得了1株高糖化酶活的突变株IV5-66,其糖化酶活力为出发菌株的3.5倍,该菌株具有无霉腐味、不产生色素等特点,具有较高的应用价值。建立了利用该突变株制备高糖化酶活麸曲的工艺,并将高糖化酶活麸曲与我们已经构建的产酒生香酵母菌共培养液共同添加到山西老陈醋的酒醪发酵中,使淀粉利用率提高了27%,乙醇产量提高了34%,乙酸乙酯产量提高了1倍,酒醪的产量与质量均得到了大幅度的提高。     

Calcium-promoted catalytic degradation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs under a mild wet process

The authors achieved highly efficient degradation of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), which are known as persistent organic pollutants. Degradation was accomplished in 24 h through a simple stirring operation using safe and high workability metallic calcium, which acts as both a scavenger and a reducing agent, and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution under mild conditions in a sealed tube at 25 degrees C without a temperature increase within 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure during the reaction. In this system, reductive dechlorination by metallic calcium and catalytic reduction by Rh/C and generated hydrogen gas, without any external addition of hydrogen, exert a synergistic effect on the degradation of chlorinated compounds. Alcohol was used as a proton source and hydrogen, which was generated by a side reaction, causes an increase in the activity of Rh/C catalyst. Through the degradation of 4-chloroanisole in ethyl alcohol, anisole and cyclohexyl methyl ether were obtained in good conversions. Using ethyl alcohol as a solvent, treatment of dioxins and co-PCBs in a solution was markedly effective for degradation to reduce 2806 pg TEQ/ml of initial concentration to 31.8 pg TEQ/ml; its yield was 98.5%. Moreover, degradation in methyl alcohol took place in a 99.3% yield. That concentration ultimately reached 20.3 pg TEQ/ml under a mild wet process. All congeners of dioxins and co-PCBs were degraded in high conversions. In this degradation, lower aliphatic alcohol, such as methyl alcohol, is effective for making a new calcium surface as compared to alcohol with more methylene chains. In addition, it seemed that a higher pressure of hydrogen was easily generated in methyl alcohol, and then catalytic degradation was effectivley influenced.     

Co60诱变原生质体选育高产酒精酵母

将较高产酒精酵母制备成原生质体,经Co^60诱变后,采用四级筛选,得到高产酒精酵母菌株Co-158,其遗传性状稳定。以玉米粉糖化醪为基质发酵72h,成熟醪酒精体积分数为17～％（v／v）,残还原糖为0．0137％。Co-158菌;洙成熟醪酒精体积分数比出发菌株提高了16．34％,比ADY提高了24．48％,残还原糖含量亦远远低于出发菌株和ADY。     

液压榨油机低温浸榨杏仁油的工艺研究

为了提高杏仁油的提取率,确保得到高品质的油脂以及低残油且保留高天然生物活性的蛋白饼粕,本实验探索了一种利用液力榨油机浸榨结合压榨的方法。在静力压榨梯度为8-16-24-32-48-64 MPa下对杏仁压榨30min,后在95%乙醇溶液中以不同固液比例对杏仁粕浸润20min,并在静压梯度为8-16-24-32-48MPa下对粕二次压榨20min。结果表明：初次压榨杏仁油的提取率为74.15%,杏仁粕中残油率23.99%。在乙醇浸润二次压榨阶段,最佳固液比为3.5:1(m/m),油脂提取率可达62.53%,此时粕中残油率降为10.57%。结论表明：采用将液力压榨和乙醇浸润压榨相结合的工艺方法,杏仁油的总提取率可达90.32%。     

植物乳杆菌对高产酯酿酒酵母酒精发酵及酯醇代谢的影响

在高粱汁培养基内同时接种植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和高产酯酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）,探究植物乳杆菌及其代谢产物对高产酯酿酒酵母酒精发酵及酯醇代谢的影响。结果表明：植物乳杆菌对高产酯酿酒酵母生长及酒精发酵的影响不大,发酵结束后残糖量均＜5 g/L,乙醇含量为74～78 g/L;植物乳杆菌使高产酯酿酒酵母乙酸乙酯和高级醇产量下降,分别最多下降了15.31%、36.14%;培养基内不同乳酸质量浓度使酿酒酵母乙酸乙酯产量提高,乳酸质量浓度为7.1 g/L时,乙酸乙酯最多提高了39.84%;培养基内乳酸质量浓度在1.8～7.1 g/L时,高产酯酿酒酵母高级醇的产量明显降低,特别是苯乙醇的产量显著下降,下降了25.05%～75.64%。     

耐酸酒精酵母的诱变选育研究

以耐酸性酒精酵母A3为出发菌株,对其原生质体进行紫外线（UV）与亚硝基胍（NTG）复合诱变,利用三级筛选模式,筛选出一株高产突变菌株UN1-81。该菌株在发酵结束后,酒精度达到11.17%vol,比出发菌株提高了16.47%以上,且经过20次传代培养,酒精产量稳定。