Al2O3在莫来石中固溶对ZTM/Al2O3陶瓷结构与性能的影响

研究了加入氧化铝对ZTM陶瓷结构和性能的影响.发现在烧结过程,氧化铝可固溶于莫来石颗粒形成富铝型柱状莫来石,并因其产生的体积膨胀增强了基质对氧化锆颗粒的约束,使材料中的四方氧化锆相对含量增加,其强韧化效果进一步发挥,明显改善了材料的力学性能.     

ZrO2增韧对Al2O3—TiC—ZrO2复相陶瓷材料冲蚀行为的影响

本通过冲蚀表面形貌的SEM观察和XRD物相分析研究了ZrO2增韧对ATZ材料的冲蚀行为的影响，结果表明：3含ZrO2量为20－60％的ATZ冲蚀应力场诱发下具有良好的相变增韧和微裂纹增韧效果，具有相当好的冲蚀磨损抗力，其中AT30Z40的综合抗冲蚀性能最佳；ZrO2含量较低时，相变增韧对ATZ材料抗冲蚀性能提高不明显，而当ZrO2含量超过80％后，ATZ的抗高速冲蚀性能急剧恶化，这是因为它在冲蚀过程中，产生过多的相变诱发微裂纹，而发生微裂纹连接所致。     

ZrSiO4/Al2O3烧结氧化铝-莫来石复相陶瓷微观结构的研究

将氧化铝和锆英石混合物试样分别在1350℃、1550℃下烧成，结果发现在1350℃烧成、保温3h的样品中有莫来石生成，而在1550℃烧成、保温3h的情况下却未发现莫来石生成，本文对此作了分析和探讨。关键词：氧化铝一莫来石，复相陶瓷，微观结构。     

不同形态ZrO2复合Al2O3陶瓷的抗热震性设计与表征

采用湿化学方法制备了具有不同团聚度及稳定度的氧化锆陶瓷粉体,并将其复合到氧化铝基体中的结构微气孔,以同时提高材料的抗热震性能与强度。研究表明：水洗复合材料的抗热震性能更为优越。其原因在于团聚氧化锆的形成,这也得到显微结构证实。运用函数构造建立了含裂纹脆性材料的具有普话意义的热震方程,进而探讨了几类复合材料的抗热震行为的表征和模拟。     

Cr2O3添加对ZTA复相陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

采用无压烧结制备ZTA复相陶瓷,探究Cr2O3的添加对ZTA复相陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:Cr2O3会促进Al2O3晶粒的生长,并出现长条状Al2O3晶粒;随着Cr2O3的增加,复相陶瓷的密度、硬度、断裂韧性均呈现先增大后减小趋势.在Cr2O3添加量为0.6％时具有最佳性能,但过多的Cr2O3会使陶瓷内部...     

MgO引入量对反应烧结ZrO2增韧Al2O3复相陶瓷性能的影响

以锆英石粉和α-Al2O3粉为原料,同时引入不同量的MgO(分别占ZrO2含量的0、3.5%、5%、8%、10%和20%)作烧结助剂和t-ZrO2的稳定剂,采用反应烧结法,分别于1500 ℃、1550 ℃、1600 ℃和1650 ℃保温4 h制备了ZrO2增韧Al2O3复相陶瓷.结果表明MgO的引入能促进ZrO2增韧Al2O3复相陶瓷的烧结,并提高了t-ZrO2的含量,但同时对生成物相产生影响,抑制了莫来石的生成;在ZrO2含量为5%(w),MgO引入量为ZrO2含量的8%时,试样经1600 ℃烧成后,性能达到最佳,常温抗折强度和断裂韧性分别达到220 MPa和6.2 MPa·m1/2.     

氧化铈对改善ZTM陶瓷性能的作用

工业用电熔莫来石原料中含有钾、钠等杂质，而化学法制备的高纯莫来石中这些杂质含氏，因而以氧化锆增韧这两种莫来石制备陶瓷，发现其力学性能温度的变化趋势有较大差异。后者随温度升高力学性能反而有所增长。研究发现这一变化与原料中杂质含量有关。     

Al2O3/BN复相陶瓷的R曲线特性

采用压痕-强度法测定了Al2O3／BN复相陶瓷的阻力曲线。结果表明;该复相陶瓷具有良好的耐接触损伤性能,呈现出上升的阻力曲线效应,显示出增强的抗裂纹扩展能力。而对应的Al2O3单相陶瓷的阻力曲线为一水平直线。分析认为：超细弥散的h—BN与基体之间模量及热膨胀失配会在h—BN的弱结合层间产生微开裂,有助于抑制主裂纹的失稳扩展,这是Al2O3／BN复相陶瓷具有优良耐损伤性能和上升型R曲线效应的主要原因。     

纳米Al2O3对3Y-ZrO2陶瓷性能的影响

研究了纳米Al2O3添加剂对3Y—ZrO2陶瓷材料烧结和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：添加纳米Al2O3（0．5mol％～2mol％）可以促进3Y—ZrO2的烧结，并提高材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性。在1450℃下烧成的添加0．5mol％纳米Al2O3的3Y—ZrO2具有最高的强度和韧性值，分别为620MPa和13．9MPa·m^1/2，比纯3Y-ZrO2的最高强度和韧性（1500℃烧成试样）分别提高了11％和16％。     

Mullite/Alumina Particulate Composites by Infiltration Processing: III, Mechanical Properties

The effect of incorporating mullite into alumina by an infiltration process on the mechanical properties was investigated. Data for Young's modulus, strength, and fracture toughness for various composite compositions were compared with those for the unreinforced matrix (alumina). Measurements of Young's modulus by a resonance technique showed that the addition of mullite decreased Young's modulus. Up to 14 vol%, these changes were close to those expected, but above this mullite content, the decrease was more dramatic and indicated specimen damage during processing. The addition of mullite led, in some cases, to increases of more than 60% in both the strength (biaxial flexure) and indentation fracture toughness. These increases have been attributed to the method of introducing mullite and the resulting residual compressive surface stresses. The strength of the indented composite bodies deviated from the ideal behavior, indicating the probability of R -curve behavior in these materials.     

Effect of Dynamic Compaction on the Retention of Tetragonal Zirconia and Mechanical Properties of Alumina/Zirconia Composites

Dynamic consolidation techniques were employed to investigate the retention of tetragonal zirconia and degree of consolidation in alumina/zirconia powder compacts. Heating the specimens prior to explosive shock compaction increased the tetragonal-phase retention significantly. Low shock pressures yielded no macrocracking, although final densities were low (60% to 70% of the theoretical density). Heat treatment following dynamic consolidation enhanced the retention of the tetragonal zirconia polymorph regardless of the shock pressure employed. Compact densities were increased to over 90% of theoretical at relatively low sintering temperatures (1300°C). Hardness, toughness, and Young's modulus of the compacts were comparable to those achieved in composites that were synthesized using more conventional techniques. Dynamic compaction offers an alternative method for the fabrication of zirconia-toughened alumina ceramics.     

SiC/ZTM Nanocomposite with Needlelike Mullite Grains and Enhanced Mechanical Properties

Zirconia-toughened mullite (SiC/ZTM) nanocomposites were prepared by a chemical precipitation method. The samples showed good sinterability and could be densified to >98.7% of the theoretical density at 1350°–1550°C. Because of the addition of mullite seeds in the starting powder and the pinning effects of ZrO₂ and SiC particles on mullite grain growth, a fine-grained microstructure formed. Mullite grains were generally equiaxed for the sample sintered at 1400°C; whereas, for the sample sintered at 1550°C, most mullite grains took a needlelike morphology, and SiC particles were primarily located within mullite grains. The strength and toughness increased with the increasing sintering temperature, and reached their respective maximum of 780 MPa and 3.7 MPa·m^1/2 for the sample sintered at 1550°C.     

Mullite—Alumina Composites by Extrusion

The rheological properties of a paste containing chopped alumina fiber and particulate silica suspended in a gelled boehmite liquid phase have been evaluated using a physically based extrusion model. When sintered, the paste formed a mullite-alumina fiber composite. Extrudates with fiber volumes up to 30% in the sintered product were prepared. During extrusion, the pressure drop was largely independent of extrudate velocity, fiber length, and the fiber concentration. All pastes showed significant yield behavior leading to good postextrusion shape retention. For any given fiber length, it was shown that there exists a critical volume fraction above which fiber-fiber interactions are so great that both yield and wall shear stresses increase. At these high concentrations of fiber, inhomogeneities also increase. Up to the critical volume fraction, dispersed wet fibers produced lower extrusion parameters than when dry fibers were used as the starting material. The observed behavior is explained in terms of low viscosity liquid formation above the yield point of the boehmite gel.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mullite–Silicon Carbide Composites

Mullite-SiC-whisker composites were prepared by powder processing using two commercial SiC whiskers. These composites were prepared by sintering rather than hot-pressing. A mulliteSlC-powder composite and a base line mallite material were also prepared for comparison with the two whisker composite materials. Fracture toughness measurements showed significant enhancement in only one of the whisker composite materials. The microstructure of the four materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assist in the explanation of the mechanical behavior of these composites. The examinations suggested that most of the toughening results from second-phase particles, with only limited toughening from effects associated with whiskers per se. In one case, higher toughness was partially associated with the formation of sialon phase by reaction with the whiskers and the furnace environment.     

Mechanical Properties of Alumina/Silicon Carbide Whisker Composites

The improvement of mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/SiC whisker composites has been studied with emphasis on the effects of the whisker content and of the hot-pressing temperature. Mechanical properties such as fracture toughness and fracture strength increased with increasing whisker content up to 40 wt%. In the case of the high SiC whisker content of 40 wt%, fracture toughness of the sample hot-pressed at 1900° decreased significantly, in spite of densification, compared with one hot-pressed at 1850°. Fracture toughness strongly depended on the microstructure, especially the distribution of SiC whiskers rather than the grain size of the Al₂O₃ matrix.     

Alumina Agglomerate Effects on Toughness-Curve Behavior of Alumina–Mullite Composites

Toughness-curve ( T -curve) behavior of composites of spherical, polycrystalline, coarse-grained, alumina agglomerates dispersed throughout a constant-toughness, fine-grained, 50–50 vol% alumina–mullite matrix has been evaluated as a function of agglomerate content for the range 15 to 45 vol%. T -curve behavior was evaluated using the indentation-strength method. Increasing alumina agglomerate content resulted in a progressive increase of large indentation load strengths with negligible change of plateau strength levels at small indentation loads. This behavior is consistent with underlying T -curves that rise to greater values and are shifted toward longer crack lengths with increasing agglomerate content, suggesting that both bridge spacing and bridge potency increase with increasing agglomerate content over the range tested. The proposed relationships between bridge spacing and agglomerate content, and bridge potency and agglomerate content, are rationalized in terms of residual stress considerations. The indentation-strength data also demonstrated that the composite containing the greatest alumina agglomerate content, 45 vol%, exhibited the greatest flaw tolerance.     

Mullite/Alumina Particulate Composites by Infiltration Processing

A method has been developed for incorporating mullite into alumina by infiltrating an alumina preform with a prehydrolyzed ethyl silicate solution, followed by heating to decompose the infiltrant, form mullite, and densify the mullite/alumina composite. It has been found that the major portion of the weight loss of gelled ethyl silicate sols occurs in the 250° to 350°C range. Mullite formed in infiltrated bodies at ∼1475°C and specimens containing 12 to 15 vol% mullite reached 98.5% of the theoretical density after heating for 2 h at 1650°C. The mullite was found to be well dispersed within the alumina matrix and its presence decreased grain growth in the alumina by more than an order of magnitude.     

Microstructure of Alumina Composites Containing Niobium and Niobium Aluminides

The microstructures of niobium-based alumina composites prepared by pressureless sintering of compacts of attrition milled Al₂O₃, Nb, and Al powder mixtures were studied. The addition of a small amount of Al is assumed to assist in rapid sintering. X-ray diffraction analyses show that Al₂O₃, Nb, NbO, and the intermetallics AlNb₂ and AlNb₃ are present in the composites. Electron microscopy studies confirm the existence of these phases and reveal dense, fine-grained (≤500 nm) composites. Al₂O₃ and Nb grains form the matrix. NbO occurs as grains and additionally as small particles within Al₂O₃ grains and at Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ grain boundaries. The intermetallic AlNb₂ and AlNb₃ phases do not exceed 300 nm in size if they occur at grain boundaries, and possess even smaller dimensions when occluded within Al₂O₃ grains or located at Al₂O₃ triple junctions. While the niobium intermetallics are expected to form during the heating cycle before reaching the sintering temperature, the NbO is assumed to form during the cooling cycle due to precipitation of oxygen dissolved in the niobium.