橡胶粉改性水泥沥青砂浆的研究

采用橡胶粉改性水泥沥青(CA)砂浆,并对其力学性能进行了重点测试。结果表明,随着橡胶粉替加入量的增加,CA砂浆早期强度呈减小趋势,但28天强度则相反;抗压强度均随温度的升高而减小,且随加载速率的增大而增大;橡胶粉越多,CA砂浆对温度的敏感性降低,且加载速率对其抗压强度的影响减小。     

Thermo-mechanical coupling effect on fatigue behavior of cement asphalt mortar

This contribution first presents a fatigue model to elaborate fatigue behavior of materials subjected to thermal mechanical effect. To calibrate the presented model, a valid experiment is then conducted on cement asphalt mortar. The model can be further extended to other materials and valid experimental data from literature is utilized for verification. Results suggested the model is sufficient to describe thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior of cement-based materials, under the condition that no phase or morphological change occurred in the fatigue temperature range. Finally, the developed model is applied to predict fatigue life of one current track.     

Behaviour of high volume fibre cement mortar in flexure

Tests are reported on the behaviour of high volume percentage steel fibre mortar specimens subjected to flexure. Flexural and cyclic load tests were conducted; in addition, comparison tests were made on conventional fibre mortar and ferrocement specimens. Both strength and deflection characteristics were studied. The results of the investigation indicate that with 8% high volume, steel fibre mortar specimens possess a flexural strength of about 40 MPa.     

Waste printed circuit boards nonmetallic powder as admixture in cement mortar

In this paper, the nonmetallic powder recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) is used in cement mortar as admixture. The mechanical properties, bulk density, air content, water-retention property, shrinkage rate and water capillary adsorption are tested. The results show that the waste PCBs nonmetallic powder causes an increase in air content and improves the water-retention property of fresh mortar, decreases the bulk density of hardened mortar. The compressive strength and flexural strength of mortar with PCBs nonmetallic powder change slightly with the m _p/m _c below 15%. The tensile bond strength goes down continuously with the increase of the m _p/m _c but the reducing trend in the m _p/m _c range from 0 to 10% is slow. The drying shrinkage rate of mortar has little change as the m _p/m _c varies from 0 to 15%. The water capillary adsorption of mortar with the m _p/m _c of 5, 10 and 15% are lower than that of control. Cement mortar made with recycled waste PCBs nonmetallic powder is a new type of green building materials, which is friendly to environment and has broad application prospects.     

A novel method to evaluate the setting process of cement and asphalt emulsion in CA mortar

Cement and asphalt mortar (CA mortar) is the key component in the structure of Shinkansen slab track and serves as the elastic shock-absorber. A new method was put forward to evaluate the setting process of cement and asphalt emulsion (CAE) in CA mortar. It was noted that the setting process was governed by several factors such as cement types, cement/asphalt emulsion ratios (C/AE ratio). Results also indicated that the setting process of CAE was faster, the higher proportion of cement content was; the early age strength and the separation rate of CA mortar could be improved by using cement of high early age strength and rapid hydration rate, or a blended cement with ordinary Portland cement partially replaced by sulfoaluminate cement, or by increasing C/AE ratio. Nevertheless, the replacement ratio of ordinary Portland cement by sulfoaluminate cement should not exceed 15% and C/AE ratio should be not less than 0.8.     

含石灰石粉水泥砂浆在低温环境中的硫酸盐侵蚀

分析了掺30%石灰石粉砂浆与纯水泥砂浆在(5±1)℃的2%MgSO4溶液中浸泡不同时间后试件表面层的矿物成分变化与微观结构,研究了强度与外观的变化.结果表明:掺入石灰石粉使水泥水化产物中的单硫型水化硫铝酸钙转变为稳定的单碳水化铝酸钙,物理填充作用使水泥石结构更加致密,因而在短期的低温硫酸盐侵蚀环境下掺石灰石粉砂浆比纯水泥砂浆表现出更好的耐腐蚀性.在经受低温硫酸盐侵蚀后纯水泥砂浆生成大量的石膏和钙矾石,而掺石灰石粉砂浆在经受同条件210 d侵蚀后的腐蚀产物中除了石膏、钙矾石外,还有少量的硅灰石膏生成,表明水泥石中的CSH凝胶体也受到侵蚀.     

Influence of cement composition on the early age flexural strength of heat-treated mortar prisms

Heat treatment is extensively used to accelerate the process of the strength development of concrete for prefabrication purposes. This study was conducted to determine the effect of cement composition on the improvement of the one-day flexural strength of heat-treated mortar prisms. Considering the strength gain at the end of one day of heat treatment application, it can be concluded that a treatment temperature of 80 °C seems to be appropriate for CÇ 32.5 cement while it is 65 °C for the other cements tested. It is also concluded that an initial curing of 4 h is suitable in view of the technical success of heat treatment application. However, it may be shorter for blended cements for economic reasons.     

The volume change at the superconducting transition of lead and aluminum

The volume change at the magnetic field-induced transition from the super-conducting to the normal state has been measured on single crystals of lead and aluminum between 0.3 K andT _c. From these data we have deduced the pressure dependence of the critical fieldH _c, of the critical temperatureT _c, and of the electronic specific heat coefficient . In lead, the results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations by Carbotte, where strong coupling effects are taken into account. We find ln / lnV=3.1±0.8, whereV is the volume. The measurements on aluminum giving ln / lnV=3±4 are consistent with results derived from thermal expansion experiments.This work was in part financially supported by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds.     

沥青砂浆多次损伤自愈合性能

沥青砂浆由沥青、细骨料及填料三部分组成,对沥青混合料的性能具有重要影响。为对比分析自愈温度、自愈时间、老化程度及损伤程度对两种沥青砂浆愈合性能的影响,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法设计沥青砂浆小梁弯曲损伤愈合试验,选出最显著影响因素,进行多次间歇期的损伤自愈合试验。利用J积分理论对沥青砂浆的愈合程度进行价评,将断裂韧性J_c作为沥青砂浆损伤愈合的评价指标。试验结果表明：断裂韧性J_c能够表征沥青砂浆内部能量释放过程,可以很好的评价沥青砂浆的愈合能力;老化程度是影响沥青砂浆愈合性能的主要因素,与基质沥青砂浆相比,苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）改性沥青砂浆在多次损伤自愈合后的愈合性能更好;随着损伤次数的增大两种沥青砂浆的愈合度都显著下降。试验结果可为沥青混合料性能研究及路面养护提供参考依据。     

Interaction mechanism of cement and asphalt emulsion in asphalt emulsion mixtures

The interaction characteristics of cement asphalt composite mastic (CAM) and performance properties of cement asphalt emulsion mixtures (CAEM) were evaluated in this work using chemical and mechanical test methods to investigate the effect of the presence of cement on asphalt emulsion mixtures (AEM). The chemical composition of the CAM was obtained through use of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) as a means to describe the interactions between the cement and asphalt in the composite materials. Test results demonstrated that cement can hydrate with the water phase of the asphalt emulsion. Asphalt droplets can simultaneously enclose cement particles and delay the hydration reaction process of cement. The interaction mechanism of cement particles or hydration products and residual asphalt is a physical compound process. The influence of these findings on asphalt emulsion mixture design and performance properties was assessed using varying mix design components and conducting laboratory-based mechanical test methods for rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility. Mix design components varied including added water content, emulsion content, and cement dosage levels. The optimum fluids content was determined based on the dry indirect tensile strength. It was found that the cement content significantly impacts the optimum fluids content for both added water and emulsion. Furthermore, the presence of cement improves the dry tensile strength, rutting resistance, and moisture susceptibility. Based on microstructural analysis of CAM and CAEM, the mechanism by which cement improves the performance of AEM is attributed to the ability of hydration products to increase both the stiffness of the asphalt binder and the adhesion at the mastic–aggregate interface. In practical applications, this study recommends a mix design method for cement-modified asphalt emulsion mixes (CAEM) based on selection of optimum cement and emulsion contents using indirect tensile strength and verification of the design through evaluation of the moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of the CAEM mix. Threshold values of CAEM mix mechanical properties to determine the quality of the design are proposed.     

Parameters affecting thaumasite formation in limestone cement mortar

Concrete made from limestone cement may exhibit a lack of durability due to the formation of thaumasite. This work deals with the factors affecting thaumasite formation in cement mortars and particularly the limestone content, the curing conditions and the type of sand used. Three types of cement were examined: (i) OPC, (ii) Portland limestone cement containing 15% w/w limestone and (iii) Portland limestone cement containing 30% w/w limestone. Mortar specimens were prepared using calcareous and siliceous sand. The specimens were immersed in a 1.8% MgSO₄ solution and cured at: (i) 5 °C and (ii) 25 °C. The formation of thaumasite was checked and confirmed by XRD and TGA. In addition visual inspection, strength tests and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements were carried out for several months. It is concluded that mortars containing limestone, either as sand or as a main constituent of the cement, suffer from the thaumasite form of sulfate attack at low temperature. At room temperature, no sulfate attack was observed after a year of exposure.     

Early age and hardened performance of cement pastes combining mineral additions

To asses the influence of mineral additions (MA) at early age and on hardened performance of fluid cement based pastes, an experimental program was carried out. The design of the mixtures correspond to paste compositions used in self compacting concretes of moderated strength, as those employed for architectural applications. Two types of fillers (limestone and quartzite) have been used to substitute 50 % of cement in a reference paste, with and without a high range water reducing admixture. Then, three active MA (microsilica, nanosilica and metakaolin) were combined. A physical and mechanical characterization in the hardened state showed that the inclusion of MA to a cement-filler mixture can moderately improve the hardened performance of the pastes. Air and water cured samples were tested in order to evaluate the influence of curing conditions. At early ages (24 h), in situ temperature and ultrasonic pulse velocity were monitored on samples with limestone filler, combined with the three active MA, to study the reaction process and microstructure development, respectively. The reaction degree of the samples under study during the first 24 h was related to the microstructure development. Evaporation, drying shrinkage and cracking at early age were also monitored, considering an air flow of 3 m/s on the exposed sample surface. Some relations were described linking cracking risks at early ages with the chemical and physical phenomena involved at early age microstructure evolution.     

老化沥青砂浆损伤愈合性能研究

为研究老化作用对基质沥青砂浆和SBS改性沥青砂浆损伤自愈性能的影响,从内部条件和外部环境两方面,选取不同的影响因素,进行四因素三水平的正交试验设计,采用UTM-100万能试验机对两种沥青砂浆进行损伤—愈合—再损伤试验,选取破坏应变和断裂韧性作为自愈合评价指标对其进行分析。试验结果表明:以破坏应变作为愈合指标评价基质沥青砂浆的愈合性能不够准确全面,而断裂韧性能更合理的呈现两种沥青砂浆在不同条件下的愈合规律和差异;在4个影响因素中,老化程度对两种沥青砂浆损伤愈合影响最大;在相同的试验条件下,SBS改性沥青砂浆有较好的抗疲劳和抗开裂的能力,而与基质沥青砂浆相比愈合效果不明显,愈合温度、愈合时间、老化程度、损伤程度四个影响因素下基质沥青砂浆拥有更好的愈合能力。     

Function of styrene-acrylic ester copolymer latex in cement mortar

This paper focuses on the effect of the styrene-acrylic ester copolymer (SAE) latex on the performance of cement mortar, through studying on the water-reduction and water-retention effects of the SAE latex in the mortar, and the influence of the SAE latex on the air-content and the bulk density of the fresh mortar and the bulk density, compressive and flexural strengths, shrinkage rate, water capillary adsorption and anti-penetration capacity of the hardened mortar. The experimental results show that the SAE latex has good water-reduction and water-retention effects in mortar. The SAE latex has also air entrainment effect, increasing the air content and reducing the bulk density of the fresh mortar. The apparent bulk density and dry bulk density of the hardened mortars decrease with the increase of the SAE latex/cement-ratio (m_p/m_c) and the change is in accordance with that for the bulk density of the fresh mortar. The SAE latex influences the development of the compressive strength but slightly on the flexural strength, and improves the toughness, shrinkage property, waterproofing quality and anti-penetration capacity of the mortar significantly.     

Chloride corrosion of steel fibre reinforcement in cement mortar

This paper presents an experimental study on the corrosion resistance of steel fibres and steel bar reinforcement in cement mortar. The mortar matrix incorporated various amounts of calcium chloride from 2 to 10%, and the rate of corrosion was monitored by the electrode potential method. The structure of the mortar and the steel surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of calcium chloride modified the microstructure of the mortar matrix, both its water absorption capacity and its porosity increased with increasing amounts of calcium chloride. The electric potential measurements showed that while the bar reinforcement displayed corrosion at 2% calcium chloride, the fibres did not indicate any harmful corrosion until the chloride content was 6%. Chloride admixtures added to concrete may thus be less harmful to steel in steel fibre concrete than in reinforced concrete.     

Pore structure of hardened cement paste and mortar

The paper describes an experimental investigation into the pore structure of hardened cement paste and mortar. The pore structure was studied using mercury porosimeter. Ordinary portland cement and natural river sand were used. Pore structure determination was carried out for both the cement paste and mortar mixes over four hydration periods and five water-cement ratios. The threshold radius which was found to be prominent in the hardened cement paste, flattens out as the fine aggregate content increased.     

Fracture mechanics of cement mortar and plain concrete

The classical Griffith theory is modified to include the prepeak non-linear and postpeak tension-softening response of cement mortar and concrete. This is done through the notion of an equivalent (effective) brittle material which permits the calculation of the real fracture energy G_F of the material. The latter is used to explain the ductile-brittle transition via the (energy) brittleness number. A simplified procedure for studying the crack growth in cement mortar and plain concrete is formulated on the basis of an equivalent elastic material, and its limitations are pointed out.     

Effect of fly ash on the microstructure of cement mortar

A microstructural study of mortars prepared with a low-alkali, low-C₃A cement and a Class F fly ash, both of Swedish origin, was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analytical technique. Supplementary phase analyses were made by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. Normally, CH crystals in the transition zone grow with their c axis parallel (or the (0 0 1) cleavage plane perpendicular) to the aggregate surface. The encapsulation of the fly ash particles by the growing CH reduces the amount of orientated CH at the aggregate-paste interface. The growth mechanism of these crystals is discussed. The reduction of CH, most significant after 28 days of hydration, is mainly due to the reaction of CH with the fly ash glass phase. Initially, the replacement of cement by fly ash weakens the paste-aggregate interfacial zone due to reduction of contact points, and increases the local water-to-cement ratio. This, however, improves significantly when the fly ash has reacted. In order to enhance the reaction of fly ash, extra gypsum was added. The results show that gypsum can accelerate the fly ash reaction, but the products formed, and the beneficial effects of gypsum, are mainly determined by the total amount of gypsum in the paste.