Calorimetric Measurements at Low Temperatures in Toluene Glass and Crystal

The specific heat of toluene in glass and crystal states has been measured both at low temperatures down to 1.8 K (using the thermal relaxation method) and in a wide temperature range up to the liquid state (using a quasiadiabatic continuous method). Our measurements therefore extend earlier published data to much lower temperatures, thereby allowing to explore the low-temperature “glassy anomalies” in the case of toluene. Surprisingly, no indication of the existence of tunneling states is found, at least within the temperature range studied. At moderate temperatures, our data either for the glass or for the crystal show good agreement with those found in the literature. Also, we have been able to prepare bulk samples of toluene glass by only doping with 2% mol ethanol instead of with higher impurity doses used by other authors.     

Interface Interactions of Dissimilar Materials at Elevated Temperatures

This paper reviews some of the chemical interactions that occurred at the interface of ceramic/molten metal liquids. Control of interfacial reactions between dissimilar materials is an important issue in numerous technological applications, such as brazing of ceramics to metals, design of ceramic–metal composites, coatings of ceramics on metal substrates, and development of crucibles for melting of refractory metals. In ceramic/metal systems, wetting of the ceramic surface by the liquid metal is typically accompanied to some extent by interfacial reactions. The chemical incompatibility between the metal and non‐metallic materials can result in the formation of undesirable phases, due to the chemical and metallurgical reactions that take place during processing or in service. There is a need, therefore, to characterize the governing factors and reaction pathways at these interfaces. So, when the reaction products obtained during interdiffusion processing are not favorable, the diffusion pathway can be modified to control their formation.     

Search for New High-Tc Superconductors at Elevated Temperatures

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - One of the long-standing challenges in experimental superconductivity are the sustained efforts to achieve stable and cheap superconducting...     

Phonon Modes in CMR Manganites at Elevated Temperatures

Phonon modes of the colossal magnetoresistance manganites La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ and La_0.8Li_0.2MnO₃ have been investigated by far-infrared (100–700 cm^–1) reflectivity spectroscopy at elevated temperatures (300–800 K). The three principal optical phonons all move systematically to lower frequency as temperature increases, in accordance with a Grüneisen relationship. The La(Ca,Li)–(MnO₃) vibration (170 cm^–1) varies with cation mass as expected. The Mn–O stretching mode (580 cm^–1) has a higher frequency in the Li-doped compound than in the Ca-doped, whereas the O–Mn–O bending mode )340 cm^–1) occurs at the same frequency in each, demonstrating that the cation strongly influences the Mn–O– length but not the bond angle.     

Mechanisms of Fatigue in Cemented Carbides at Elevated Temperatures

Cemented carbides are mainly used as cutting tools in various fields of application. In nearly all industrial uses they have to resist wear and concurrent complex thermomechanical loading, often including alternating mechanical loads at high temperatures. It has been shown that cemented carbides suffer lifetime‐limiting fatigue under cyclic loads at 25 °C caused by subcritical crack growth. Present investigations show that strong, temperature‐dependent fatigue effects occur in cemented carbides at elevated temperatures. TEM investigations revealed temperature‐dependent processes that are responsible for the changes in the fatigue behavior: at low temperatures a phase transformation of the Co‐binder phase and at higher temperatures oxidation in the cracks and brittle–ductile transitions of cubic carbides.     

细颗粒掺杂石墨高温热导率的研究

通过球磨分散方法制备了具有优良热机械性能的细颗粒掺杂石墨.该掺杂石墨材料具有致密的结构,细小的碳化物颗粒均匀分布在石墨基体中.研究表明;球磨分散方法制备的掺杂石墨比常规方法制备的石墨材料具有更优良的高温热性能以及抗热震性能.同时,本文对材料的性能与其微观结构进行关联.     

High Strain Rate Deformation Behavior of Zirconium at Elevated Temperatures

High temperature mechanical behaviors of zirconium at high strain rate of 103 s-1 were studied by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).The influences of strain rate and temperature on the micro-structural evolution,as well as the occurrence of shear localization and subsequent fracture,were also investigated.It s found that the compressive stress-strain response depends sensitively on the applied strain rate and test temperature.Micro-structural observations revealed that the density of the twinning grains r...     

FeAl金属间化合物的高温变形行为

对Ｆｅ－３６．５ａｔ％Ａｌ金属间化合物进行了高温拉伸试验研究。结果表明，变形温度在６００－１０００℃范围内，这种ＦｅＡｌ合金的延伸率随温度的升高不断增加，在１０００℃时延伸率最高，达１１５％。经透射电镜分析，该合金高温变形后不仅有大量的滑移位错线，而且有一定数量的位错绻线存在。     

Thermal Expansion and Shrinkage of Unidirectional Composites at Elevated Temperatures

Strength of Materials - The model of multiphase media analyzes the effectiveness of describing thermal expansion and shrinkage of unidirectional polymer composites at their uniform heating by...     

Electrical Resistance of CdSe and CdTe at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

The electrical resistance of polycrystalline CdSe and CdTe was measured as a function of temperature (up to 560 K) and pressure (up to 5.5 GPa). The resistance change across the phase transition and the transition onset pressure were found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature. The band gap of the low-pressure phases of CdSe and CdTe decreases with increasing pressure. The rapid reduction in the resistance change with increasing temperature restricts the use of CdSe and CdTe as high-temperature pressure calibration standards.     

Creep Rupture Behavior of K40S Alloy at Elevated Temperatures

Creep testing was conducted on K40S alloy. The detailed creep deformation and fracture mechanisms under constant load were studied. The results show that the stress exponent ranges between 7 and 14.4 at elevated temperature 973~1173 K, and that the activation energy is approximately 449.1 kJ/mol. During creep, the grain boundary sliding cut off primary carbides at the boundary, generating the "O" model cracks. The creep failure mode of K40S alloy is transgranular ductile and cracks originate at the primary carbides. A long carbide and matrix interface is often a preferential path for crack propagation. The creep mechanism is discussed in light of the creep microstructure, the stress exponent and the activation energy.     

陶瓷材料高温断裂韧性评价

采用四点弯曲实验方法，研究了高温下不同测试方法（ＣＮ法、ＳＥＮＢ法和ＳＥＰＢ法）对工业用重结晶ＳｉＣ陶瓷材料断裂韧性的影响。通过实验发现：在低温下（Ｔ〈８００℃）不同测试方法所获得的ＫＩＣ不同，ＣＮ法测得ＫＩＣ偏大，而ＳＥＰＢ法测得的ＫＩＣ则偏小，同时，三种测试方法获得的ＫＩＣ随温度的升高变化率都不明显。在高温下（Ｔ〉８００℃），不同的测试方法其ＫＩＣ随温度的和蔼同变化趋势不同，ＣＮ法ＫＩＣ随温度的升高而增大，ＳＥＮＢ法ＫＩＣ随温度的升高而减小，ＳＥＰＢ法ＫＩＣ随温度的升高则基本无变化。     

Apparatus for Measuring Spectral Emissivity of Solid Materials at Elevated Temperatures

Spectral emissivity measurements at high temperature are of great importance for both scientific research and industrial applications. A method to perform spectral emissivity measurements is presented based on two sample heating methods, the flat plate and tubular furnace. An apparatus is developed to measure the normal spectral emissivity of solid material at elevated temperatures from 1073 K to 1873 K and wavelengths from \(2\,\upmu \hbox {m}\) to \(25\,\upmu \hbox {m}\). Sample heating is accomplished by a torch flame or a high temperature furnace. Two different variable temperature blackbody sources are used as standard references and the radiance is measured by a FTIR spectrometer. Following calibration of the spectral response and background radiance of the spectrometer, the effect of the blackbody temperature interval on calibration results is discussed. Measurements are performed of the normal spectral emissivity of SiC and graphite over the prescribed temperature and wavelength range. The emissivity of SiC at high temperatures is compared with the emissivity at room temperature, and the influence of an oxide layer formed at the surface of SiC on the emissivity is studied. The effect of temperature on the emissivity of graphite is also investigated. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the uncertainty components of the emissivity measurement is performed.     

整体毡碳/碳复合材料的高温剪切性能研究

运用双槽口剪切试验方法测试了碳纤维增强碳基复合材料(C/C)在室温、700℃、1000℃、1400℃下的剪切强度,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了材料的原始组织形貌和断口微观形貌。结果表明:材料的剪切强度在一定范围内随温度的升高而增加,材料Z向的剪切强度优于XY向。通过SEM观察分析可知,材料XY向和Z向纤维的含量明显不同;室温下,C/C复合材料的破坏形式有纤维拔出及断裂,而高温下,失效形式主要为纤维的拔出、纤维/基体界面脱粘等。     

Fatigue Hysteresis of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures

When the fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are first loading to fatigue peak stress, matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occur. Under fatigue loading, the stress–strain hysteresis loops appear as fiber slipping relative to matrix in the interface debonded region upon unloading/reloading. Due to interface wear at room temperature or interface oxidation at elevated temperature, the interface shear stress degredes with increase of the number of applied cycles, leading to the evolution of the shape, location and area of stress–strain hysteresis loops. The evolution characteristics of fatigue hysteresis loss energy in different types of fiber-reinforced CMCs, i.e., unidirectional, cross-ply, 2D and 2.5D woven, have been investigated. The relationships between the fatigue hysteresis loss energy, stress–strain hysteresis loops, interface frictional slip, interface shear stress and interface radial thermal residual stress, matrix stochastic cracking and fatigue peak stress of fiber-reinforced CMCs have been established.     

Dynamic Testing of Reinforced Glass Fibre–Epoxy Composite at Elevated Temperatures

We present experimental analysis of the deformation, strength and failure of tubular specimens, made of woven reinforced glass fibre–epoxy composite. The specimens were subjected to uniaxial tensile testing with the average strain rates from 10^-5 s^-1 to 20 s^-1. Tests were performed at room and three elevated temperatures, up to the temperature corresponding to the phase transformation of the matrix.