蓝圆鲹肝脏酯酶的分离纯化与性质分析

以蓝圆鲹肝脏为对象,通过硫酸铵盐析、Q-Sepharose阴离子交换柱层析、Q-HP阴离子交换柱层析、Phenyl Fast Flow疏水柱层析和Superdex G75凝胶过滤柱层析技术分离纯化得到一种酯酶.该酶的回收率为0.69％,纯化倍数为1150倍.十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳与Superdex G75凝...     

蓝圆鲹肌肉组织蛋白酶B的纯化与性质分析

在鱼糜制品生产过程中,凝胶劣化现象是引起鱼糜品质下降的重要原因。研究表明,溶酶体中的内源性组织蛋白酶B会促进肌原纤维蛋白的降解,进而导致鱼糜凝胶劣化。迄今为止,多种鱼体肌肉中的组织蛋白酶B已有研究,但海水经济低值鱼蓝圆鲹中该酶的情况却尚未报道。本研究采用硫酸铵沉淀和柱层析相结合的方法,从蓝圆鲹肌肉中分离纯化得到分子量约为27ku的组织蛋白酶B。酶学性质结果显示,该酶最适温度和最适pH分别为55℃和5.5,半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E-64能有效抑制其活性。对肌原纤维蛋白的降解实验表明,在最适条件下,蓝圆鲹组织蛋白酶B对肌原纤维蛋白有一定的降解作用。因此,组织蛋白酶B参与肌原纤维蛋白的降解,更可能参与在低pH条件下鱼糜凝胶劣化。      

蓝圆鲹蛋白水解条件的优化

确定了中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶单酶酶解蓝圆缪蛋白的适宜条件，比较了单酶与双酶的复合酶解效果，利用正交试验确定了双酶复合酶解的最佳水解条件。结果表明：木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶同时加入酶解蓝圆碜蛋白的效果最好，最佳的水解条件下的酶解液中氨基酸态氮含量可达2．48g／L、氮回收率为91．27％。     

蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白酶解条件的确定

以水解液中α-氨基态氮含量为指标,选用木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和动物蛋白水解复合酶对蓝圆鲹鱼肉进行单酶水解,确定中性蛋白酶为水解用酶。利用正交实验确定的水解条件为:加酶量1300IU/g、温度55℃、酶解时间6h、底物浓度为33%。在此条件下水解率为47%。      

碱性蛋白酶限制性酶解对蓝圆鲹分离蛋白功能特性的影响

以蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)分离蛋白为原料,采用碱性蛋白酶对其进行限制性酶解,研究水解度(degree of hydrolysis,DH)对分离蛋白酶解产物溶解性、持油力、乳化性与起泡性等功能特性的影响.结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的相对分子质量显著下降.酶解可有效提高分离蛋白的溶解性,其溶解度随...     

虾夷扇贝肌肉丝氨酸蛋白酶的研究

为了探究虾夷扇贝肌肉冷藏过程中内源蛋白酶对其质构的影响,本文对虾夷扇贝肌肉在4 ℃下冷藏7 d过程中肌肉质构及蛋白变化进行测定,结果表明,整个冷藏过程中扇贝肌肉硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和粘性整体呈下降趋势。SDS-PAGE分析显示肌肉蛋白在第3 d开始出现明显降解。在内源酶活力方面,丝氨酸蛋白酶（Serine proteinase,SP）活力在冷藏2 d后开始急剧下降。通过硫酸铵盐析、离子交换、凝胶过滤和疏水柱层析等从虾夷扇贝肌肉中获得高度纯化的丝氨酸蛋白酶并对其酶学性质进行研究。SDS-PAGE和明胶酶谱结果表明,SP在天然状态下主要以分子量约为52 kDa的二聚体形式存在。SP的最适pH为9.0,最适温度为37 ℃。SP特异性水解羧基侧P₁位含有精氨酸或赖氨酸残基的底物。丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂PMSF、Leupeptin、Pefabloc SC、Benzamidine分别能抑制其97%、98%、90%和85%的酶活力;金属离子Fe2+、Zn2+、Cu2+也能明显抑制SP的酶活力。37 ℃下SP可有效降解扇贝肌原纤维蛋白,为揭示SP对扇贝肌肉蛋白的品质影响提供参考。     

蓝圆鲹沙拉酱加工工艺研究

为了得到风味独特的蓝圆鲹沙拉酱,采用蓝圆鲹鱼肉为主要原料,探讨了大豆油、全蛋粉、变性淀粉、黄原胶等对沙拉酱质构及感官的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,选取大豆油、全蛋粉及变性淀粉为研究因素,以质构分析为响应值,采用响应面分析法优化了蓝圆鲹沙拉酱的加工工艺配方及条件,开发具有蓝圆鲹风味的沙拉酱,并对制品的理化指标、安全指标及保藏性进行了研究。结果表明,蓝圆鲹沙拉酱的最佳配方为:油脂12%,全蛋粉3.70%,变性淀粉5.38%,食盐3%,砂糖6%,白醋4%,黄原胶0.45%,在这基础上添加鱼肉25 g,蔬菜30 g。成品口感佳、风味适宜、整体接受度较好,并且符合商业无菌标准。     

巴西松子中蛋白酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验研究pH值、提取时间和料液比3个因素对巴西松子中蛋白酶活力的影响,得出巴西松子中蛋白酶的最佳提取缓冲液为pH9.0的硼酸-硼砂缓冲液、提取时间为60min、料液比为1:8(m/V);采用(NH4)2SO4沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析分离纯化巴西松子中的一种蛋白酶,结果表明:纯化后蛋白酶比活力提高到了8.61倍,回收率为21.65%。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表明:该蛋白酶分子质量为33kD。酶学性质结果表明:该蛋白酶最适pH值为9.0,属碱性蛋白酶;反应的最适温度为50℃;金属离子Mn2+对该蛋白酶活性有强烈的激活作用,而Ca2+、Mg2+和Cu2+对酶活性有抑制作用。     

生姜蛋白酶的分离、纯化及酶学性质研究

从生姜中分离得到具有凝乳活力的生姜蛋白酶,研究了其酶学性质和动力学特性。主要研究结果如下:采用超滤技术分离得到生姜蛋白酶粗酶液,在0⁰.3 mol/L NaCl线性梯度下利用弱阴离子交换树脂将生姜蛋白酶分成具有相同分子质量的A和B两个组分。生姜蛋白酶A和B具有相似的酶学性质和水解k-酪蛋白的亲和性,表明生姜蛋白酶A和B可能是同工酶,可以合并在工业生产中使用。该研究为生姜蛋白酶的工业化应用及姜汁奶的开发提供了重要的理论基础。     

蓝圆鲹骨骼肌脯氨酸内肽酶的分离纯化及其对胶原肽的作用

以蓝圆鲹为研究对象,探讨脯氨酸内肽酶(Prolyl endopeptidase,PEP)对鱼类肌肉胶原蛋白的作用及其机理。通过硫酸铵分级盐析,DEAE-Sephacel阴离子交换,Phenyl-Sepharose疏水层析和Q-Sepharose阴离子交换,从蓝圆鲹骨骼肌中分离纯化得到一种脯氨酸内肽酶。SDS-PAGE结果显示,PEP的分子量为82 ku,肽质量指纹图谱分析得到16个肽片段,共169个氨基酸残基。片段序列与墨西哥鲷鱼(Neolamprologus brichardi)PEP的同源性达98.8%,证明纯化得到的酶是PEP。PEP的最适温度为35℃,但热稳定性较差;最适p H为6.0,在p H 5.0~7.5之间有较好的稳定性。将PEP与合成的鱼胶原蛋白小肽反应,利用反相高效液相色谱对产物进行分离,电喷雾质谱分析结果显示PEP的水解位点在脯氨酸残基的羧基端。以上结果表明,鱼类肌肉中的PEP能够协同金属蛋白酶,通过切割脯氨酸残基进一步降解胶原小肽从而参与到鱼肌肉胶原蛋白的新陈代谢中,是鱼死后参与胶原蛋白降解的重要酶类。     

Purification and characterisation of cathepsin L from the skeletal muscle of blue scad (Decapterus maruadsi) and comparison of its role with myofibril-bound serine proteinase in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins

The modori phenomenon during surimi production is caused by endogenous proteinases, especially cathepsin L and myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP). Cathepsin L from the skeletal muscle of blue scad (Decapterus maruadsi) was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation and a series of column chromatographies and revealed a single band with molecular mass of 30 kDa on SDS–PAGE. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) obtained three fragments with 48 amino acid residues, which were highly identical to cathepsin L from other fish species. Its optimal pH and temperature were 5.5 and 55 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, MBSP was purified from the skeletal muscle of blue scad, and the roles of cathepsin L and MBSP in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins were compared. The results indicated that MBSP is more effective than cathepsin L in promoting the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, especially myosin heavy chain (MHC), suggesting that MBSP plays a more significant role.     

蓝圆鲹骨骼肌内源性脯氨酸内肽酶抑制剂的纯化及其抑制机理

对蓝圆鲹（Decapterus maruadsi）骨骼肌采用热处理、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose弱阴离子交换柱层析、Sephacryl S-200 HR凝胶过滤层析和HiTrap Q HP强阴离子交换柱层析相结合方法,分离、纯化出一种内源性脯氨酸内肽酶抑制剂（prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor,PEPI）。研究了PEPI对脯氨酸内肽酶（prolyl endopeptidase,PEP）活性的影响及抑制机理。Tricine-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳分析表明纯化的PEPI分子质量约为10 kDa,具有较强的热稳定性和酸碱耐受性,其为丝氨酸蛋白酶类PEP的专一性、可逆竞争型抑制剂,抑制常数Ki为0.34 μmol/L。PEPI与PEP形成复合物后,α-螺旋、无规卷曲比例增加,β-折叠比例减少,PEP活性中心构象的改变是酶活力被抑制的主要原因。     

蓝圆鲹抗氧化肽与其他抗氧化剂的协同效应的研究

以DPPH·和O₂^-·清除率为指标,探讨了蓝圆鲹多肽（RSH-III）分别与其他肽类抗氧化剂GSH和非肽类抗氧化剂vitamin C的协同抗氧化效应。研究结果表明,当清除DPPH自由基时,低浓度条件下的RSH-III(0.2、0.4 g·L^-1)分别与GSH(1.0×10-3、2.0×10-3g·L^-1)和vitamin C(0.7×10-3g·L^-1)复合时未表现出协同效应;较高浓度(0.8 g·L^-1)时表现出负协同作用。当清除O₂^-·自由基时,RSH-III与低浓度GSH(1.3×10-3g·L^-1)复合时未表现出协同效应,较高浓度(2.5×10-3⁴.2×10-3g·L^-1)时表现出负协同作用;而与vitamin C复合清除O₂^-·自由基的清除率与抗氧化剂的添加浓度无关,均表现出负协同效应。该研究为蓝圆鲹抗氧化活性肽的应用奠定了较好的基础,可用于指导抗氧化活性肽的高效应用。      

Degradation of myofibrillar proteins by a myofibril-bound serine proteinase in the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (Carasius auratus)

A myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP) in the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (Carasius auratus) was identified. Hydrolysis of myofibrillar proteins by the endogenous MBSP was studied. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) was degraded markedly when crucian carp myofibril was incubated at 55 °C, as shown by SDS-PAGE. Prolonged incubation of myofibril at 55 °C also caused the obvious degradation of tropomyosin, while the decomposition of other myofibrillar proteins, such as α-actinin and actin, was slight, as detected by Western blotting. The results suggest the existence of an endogenous myofibril-associated proteinase in crucian carp myofibril, which efficiently cleaves MHC and tropomyosin. Serine proteinase inhibitors (Lima bean trypsin inhibitor, PMSF and benzamidine) greatly suppressed the degradation of MHC, caused by the enzyme, while inhibitors for cysteine, metallo-, and aspartic proteinases showed only partial or incomplete inhibitory effects, indicating that the endogenous proteinase is a serine proteinase. Substrate specificity analysis, using partially purified crucian carp MBSP, suggested that the enzyme is a trypsin-like serine proteinase.     

Purification and some properties of a cysteine proteinase from sorghum malt variety SK5912

A cysteine proteinase from sorghum malt variety SK5912 was purified by a combination of 4 M sucrose fractionation, ion‐exchange chromatography on Q‐ and S‐Sepharose (fast flow), gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G‐100 and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL‐4B. The enzyme was purified 8.4‐fold to give a 13.4% yield relative to the total activity in the crude extract and a final specific activity of 2057.1 U mg^?1 protein. SDS—PAGE revealed two migrating protein bands corresponding to apparent relative molecular masses of 55 and 62 kDa, respectively. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 50 °C, not influenced across a relatively broad pH range of 5.0–8.0 and retained over 60% activity at 70 °C after 30‐min incubation. It was highly significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited by Hg²⁺, appreciably (P < 0.01) inhibited by Ag⁺, Ba²⁺ and Pb²⁺ but highly significantly (P < 0.001) activated by Co²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Sr²⁺. The proteinase was equally highly significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited by both iodoacetate and p‐chloromercuribenzoate and hydrolysed casein to give the following kinetic constants: K_m = 0.33 mg ml^?1; V_max = 0.08 µmol ml^?1 min^?1. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry