玉米多糖的抗衰老作用

本试验探讨了玉米活性多糖的抗衰老作用。未配对的雌雄小鼠被随机分成五组:衰老模型组,正常对照组,低剂量组,中剂量组和高剂量组,除正常对照组外均为D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠。五周后将实验小鼠处死,取其血清,大脑,肝脏和肾脏分别测得超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)等相关指标。结果表明:①从衰老模型组、空白组、低剂量组、中剂量组到高剂量组,SOD,GSH-PX和CAT活力均呈上升趋势,3个剂量组血清及各脏器中的SOD、GSH-PX活力与衰老模型组均存在显著性差异(P0.05),量效关系呈正相关趋势;②各剂量组与衰老组相比血清和各脏器中的MDA含量均显著下降(P0.05),且量效关系呈负相关趋势。而高剂量组小鼠的SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活力增加比其他各组更显著,MDA含量更低。所以,玉米多糖可以提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性,降低MDA含量,从而具有抗衰老作用。     

败酱草提取物体内抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究败酱草提取物对小鼠体内抗氧化作用。方法:采用颈肩部皮下注射D-半乳糖生理盐水无菌溶液制造衰老模型,在正常饲料中分别加入不同含量败酱草提取物,做成低、中、高和最高四个剂量组。8周后摘眼球取血及脱臼处死、组织取样,用试剂盒测定小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中MDA含量、SOD、GSH-PX活性及血清、肝脏中CAT活性。结果:败酱草提取物可显著降低血清及组织MDA含量,提高SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活力。结论:败酱草提取物具有显著的体内抗氧化活性。     

辣木多肽对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

探讨辣木多肽(MOPP)对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。小鼠腹腔注射D-半乳糖(120mg/kg)建立衰老模型。建模成功后,分设正常组,D-半乳糖衰老组,维生素C组,MOPP低剂量(10 mg/kg)和高剂量(100 mg/kg)组。连续给药6周后,依试剂盒说明分别测定血清总抗氧化力(T-AOC),脑、心脏和肝脏及血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD),过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)和丙二醛(malondiadehycle,MDA)水平。q RT-PCR法测定肝内Mn-SOD、Gu/Zn-SOD和CAT的m RNA表达。与衰老对照组相比,MOPP能分别有效提高衰老小鼠血清T-AOC能力(至13.73～17.98U/m L),及血清SOD(8.04～11.65 U/mg protein)、CAT(4.56～6.45 U/mg protein)和GSH-Px(7.28～10.65 U/mg protein)活性,并显著提升脑、心脏及肝组织中抗氧化物酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)活力(p0.05)。同时,高浓度MOPP还能使血清、脑、心脏和肝组织中MDA水平显著降低43.6%,44.7%,31.4%和56.0%(p0.05)。此外,MOPP干预还能增强肝脏中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的m RNA转录。本研究结果提示MOPP能明显提高D-半乳糖致老龄小鼠体内的抗氧化状态。     

鸡骨胶原蛋白肽对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化性的研究

目的:采用D-半乳糖注射昆明种成年小鼠,建立衰老模型,研究鸡骨胶原蛋白肽对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:昆明种成年小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组及VE对照组。以小鼠血清、肝脏及脑组织中的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活性及MDA含量为指标,考察鸡骨胶原蛋白肽在体内的抗氧化性能。结果:鸡骨胶原蛋白肽能够显著提高致衰小鼠体内肝组织、脑组织中的GSH-Px、CAT(P<0.05)和SOD活力(P<0.05),而血清、肝组织和脑组织中的MDA含量(P<0.05)则显著降低。结论:摄入适当的鸡骨胶原蛋白肽可以有效地增强小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,从而延缓D-半乳糖诱发的小鼠衰老。     

蝇蛆肽对衰老小鼠的作用及机制的初探

目的:探讨蝇蛆肽对衰老小鼠的作用及其机制。方法:将60只小鼠随机分为6组,除空白组外,其余五组用D-半乳糖致衰老,分为衰老模型组、维生素C组以及蝇蛆肽低、中、高剂量组(2、4、8 g/kg)。测定小鼠的脾脏和胸腺指数。采用羟胺法测定小鼠肝脏和脑及血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,可见光法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,以硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数及肝脏指数均有显著降低(p0.05),蝇蛆肽低、中、高剂量组脏器指数显著增高(p0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组肝、脑中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px均降低,且MDA含量增高(p0.05),血清中SOD、CAT降低、MDA含量增高(p0.05);与模型组比较,蝇蛆肽低、中、高剂量组肝、脑组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px均显著增高、MDA含量显著降低(p0.05),血清中SOD、CAT显著增高、MDA含量显著降低(p0.05)。结论:蝇蛆肽通过改变衰老小鼠的脏器指数而对其产生免疫调节作用,可显著提高小鼠肝脏和脑组织中的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的活力,降低MDA的含量(p0.05),从而改变机体抗氧化能力。蝇蛆肽对衰老小鼠的影响机制可能与增强其体内抗氧化酶活力及改变脏器指数相关。     

灵芝多糖益生菌酸奶抗衰老的研究

对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别灌胃添加不同含量灵芝多糖的益生菌酸奶,测定各组处理小鼠脏器指数,血清及不同组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性指标,研究添加灵芝多糖的益生菌酸奶对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗衰老作用的效果。结果表明:添加灵芝多糖的益生菌酸奶可显著提高衰老模型小鼠血清及不同组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性、降低MDA含量(P0.05),且以高剂量组[1 200 mg/(kg·d)]效果最优。与衰老模型组相比,高剂量组[1 200 mg/(kg·d)]小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中SOD活力依次提高20.34%、8.39%、48.95%;小鼠血清、肝脏中GSH-PX活力依次提高38.45%、39.67%;小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中MDA含量分别降低38.37%、43.97%、38.39%;小鼠脑组织、肝脏、肾脏中CAT活力依次提高60.02%、55.29%、37.73%。与酸奶组相比,高剂量组小鼠SOD活力依次提高18.36%、1.58%、25.13%;GSH-PX活力依次提高38.45%、30.26%;MDA含量分别降低10.47%、30.96%、18.91%;CAT活力依次提高41.31%、32.07%、26.64%。结论:灵芝多糖添加入植物乳杆菌益生发酵酸奶可发挥灵芝多糖和益生菌酸奶在抗衰老功能方面的协同作用发挥更强抗衰老效果。     

两种甜叶菊废渣提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的:研究两种甜叶菊废渣提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法:80只小鼠随机被分为正常组、D-半乳糖组、两种甜叶菊废渣提取物低、中、高剂量组(100,200,500 mg/kg bw)。采用颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖(500 mg/kg bw)构建衰老模型,正常组颈部皮下注射等体积的生理盐水,样品组同时给予不同剂量的甜叶菊废渣提取物。持续11周后,测定小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以及脑组织中抗氧化酶基因的相对表达量。结果:与D-半乳糖组相比,两种甜叶菊废渣提取物均在不同程度上提高小鼠血清、肝和脑抗氧化酶(SOD和GPx)的活力,降低MDA含量,且在高剂量时(500 mg/kg bw)效果最为显著。两种甜叶菊废渣提取物高剂量组小鼠脑组织中抗氧化酶基因(Nrf-2,SOD1,GPx1,HO-1)的相对表达量显著增加。结论:两种甜叶菊废渣提取物通过促进抗氧化酶基因表达,增加D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠体内相关抗氧化酶的活力并减少氧化损伤产物MDA的含量,具有潜在的延缓衰老的作用。     

亚麻籽提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化保护机制研究

探讨亚麻籽提取物对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠的保护作用。采用小鼠颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖的方法建立衰老模型;模型小鼠随机分为模型组及亚麻籽提取物高(600 mg/kg)、中(300 mg/kg)、低(150 mg/kg)剂量组,连续给药6周后,测定小鼠的胸腺和脾脏指数,检测小鼠全血和脑、肝、肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)指标。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠脾脏指数提高、胸腺指数降低,小鼠全血和组织中MDA含量增加,SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力降低,提示衰老小鼠模型造模成功。与模型组相比,亚麻籽提取物高剂量组能显著降低小鼠的脾脏指数,显著提高小鼠的胸腺指数,可显著降低小鼠全血和组织中的MDA含量,并能显著提高其中的SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活力。结果表明,亚麻籽提取物对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠具有保护作用,其可能是通过抑制脂质过氧化,增强抗氧化酶活性发挥作用的。     

核桃内种皮提取物的体内抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究核桃内种皮多酚提取物对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:ICR小鼠60只,随机分为五组,每组12只,对模型对照组和剂量组采取颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖(120mg/kg·bw·d)制造衰老模型,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃200、400、800mg/kg·bw·d的核桃内种皮多酚提取物,模型组灌胃等量的生理盐水。8周后,取血液和组织进行检测,测定血清、肝脏和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与模型组相比,核桃内种皮多酚提取物可显著提高小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和T-AOC活力,并降低MDA含量。结论:核桃内种皮多酚提取物可减轻D-半乳糖导致的氧化损伤,具有一定的抗氧化能力,此抗氧化能力与提取物中富含多酚成分有关。     

金针菇废菇柄发酵物对衰老模型小鼠氧化应激损伤的影响

以D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠为研究对象,采用试剂盒测定不同组别(空白对照组,金针菇废菇柄发酵物低、中、高剂量组,D-半乳糖模型组和金针菇废菇柄对照组)中小鼠血清、肝脏、心脏和脑组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)及过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的活性和总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC),丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量指标,探讨金针菇废菇柄发酵物对衰老模型小鼠氧化应激损伤的影响。实验表明:金针菇废菇柄发酵物能显著(p0.01)提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠体内肝脏、脑、心脏和血清的GSH-Px、SOD、T-AOC、CAT活性,并显著(p0.01)降低MDA 含量。研究显示,金针菇废菇柄发酵物能有效提高衰老小鼠体内多种抗氧化酶活力,催化对机体有害物质的分解,有效地防止氧化损伤等产生的衰老作用,金针菇废菇柄在医药或保健功能性食品领域具有广阔的应用空间。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the