低NSI新豆粕对大豆分离蛋白工艺及产品功能性的影响

通过改变豆粕加工中软化工艺降低新豆粕的NSI指标,试验并分析低NSI指标的新豆粕在大豆分离蛋白生产中的优劣势,以期改善蛋白功能性。结果表明:低NSI指标新豆粕可提升大豆分离蛋白的功能性,提升产品的持水性和凝胶强度,从工艺角度分析,使用低NSI豆粕时豆清水固形物含量低,粗蛋白含量高,混合豆乳粗蛋白含量低,二萃豆渣粗蛋白高;大豆分离蛋白产品得率由42.83%降低至40.98%,综合分析,在新豆粕条件下,低NSI豆粕可用于提高大豆分离蛋白持水性和凝胶性,用来改善新豆粕加工的大豆分离蛋白的功能性。     

醇洗豆粕对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响(Ⅰ)--凝胶性能

为了探讨醇洗豆粕对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性能的影响。以醇洗豆粕为原料制备的大豆分离蛋白，其凝胶性能得到明显的改善。通过正交试验优化，生产凝胶型大豆分离蛋白的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度85％(V／V)、浸提温度30℃、浸提时间45min、固液比1：4。所得产品的蛋白含量(干基)为96．52％，蛋白质分散指数为94．41％，凝胶硬度为285．4g，凝胶弹性为153．1g。     

酸法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的研究

通过对大豆烘干、脱皮工艺和对原有大豆分离蛋白生产线进行改造,使一条生产线能生产大豆分离蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白两种产品,并优化了酸洗工艺参数,使生产的大豆浓缩蛋白产品的蛋白含量ＮＳＩ值均大于７０％,达到国外同类产品指标,产品得率高、能耗低     

大豆分离蛋白的制取工艺和应用

<正> 大豆分离蛋白作为植物蛋白中的佼佼者,以其优于动物蛋白的诸多优点而深受人们的重视。大豆分离蛋白是无色无味、氨基酸含量平衡、蛋白质含量最高的大豆制品,具有高度可消化性。它与其他食品混合时,可以显著改善与提高原有食品的营养价值。 大豆分离蛋白的制取工艺 大豆分离蛋白是大豆蛋白制品中蛋白质含量最高、应用面最广的一种高附加值产品。其主要原料来自豆油生产过程的副产品一豆粕。生产大豆分离蛋白主要是利用蛋白质在等电点时聚集、沉淀;偏离等电点时解聚、溶解的原理,经过反复多次的沉     

酸法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的研究有

通过对大豆烘干,脱皮工艺和对原有大豆分离蛋白生产线进行了改造,使一条生产线能生产大豆分离蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白两种产品,并优化了酸洗工艺参数,使生产的大豆浓缩蛋白产品的蛋白含量ＮＳＩ值均大于７０％,达到国外同类产品指标,产品得率高,能耗低。     

酸性双蛋白乳饮料中大豆分离蛋白的预处理工艺

探讨了大豆分离蛋白在酸性乳饮料应用过程中．其对产品组织状态的影响以及大豆分离蛋白在应用过程中的最佳操作工艺条件。结果发现：用大豆分离蛋白代替总蛋白质量分数的0.20％-3.40％,75-80℃分散、4500r／min剪切处理30min为大豆分离蛋白在应用过程中的最佳操作工艺条件。     

大豆分离蛋白品质鉴别

大豆分离蛋白是除去大豆中的油脂、可溶性及不可溶性碳水化合物后的大豆蛋白质,具有多种功能特性,在食品工业中得到了广泛应用。由于大豆分离蛋白种类繁多,质量参差不齐,有些产品仅靠理化、卫生和微生物指标难以区分其优劣。利用大豆分离蛋白凝胶性、溶解性和持水性能的特点,鉴别大豆分离蛋白的类型、质量,在肉制品加工过程中根据需要选择不同类型的产品,合理定价,提高产品质量。     

大豆分离蛋白生产中微生物指标的控制

大豆分离蛋白是以低温脱脂大豆粕(白豆片)为原料,采用现代加工工艺技术生产的一种食品添加剂。我国目前的大豆分离蛋白生产线,大多是碱溶酸沉敞开型间歇式手工控制工艺,生产过程稍有不慎,产品中的微生物含量就会超标。本文结合现有的大豆分离蛋白生产工艺现状,从原料、工艺用水、工艺用空气、设备清洗与消毒杀菌、工艺控制和包装间卫生方面进行了分析,探讨了目前大豆分离蛋白生产中需要控制微生物指标的主要要点和方法,供同行参考。     

基于Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选大豆分离蛋白膜制备的主要工艺因素

筛选出影响大豆分离蛋白膜综合性能的主要工艺因素,为进一步优化分析提供实践基础与理论指导。采用主成分分析和Plackett-Burman（PB）试验对大豆分离蛋白膜的综合性能进行评价,筛选出影响大豆分离蛋白膜综合性能的主要工艺因素。结果表明：根据主成分分析和PB试验,对大豆分离蛋白膜综合性能的影响从大到小依次是甘油添加量>温度>pH>搅拌速度>亚硫酸钠添加量,其中甘油添加量(p=0.006 5)、温度(p=0.033 9)和pH(p=0.040 2)为显著影响因素。运用主成分分析法和PB试验进行大豆分离蛋白膜制备工艺条件的筛选稳定可行,是一种经济有效的方法。     

大豆分离蛋白对调理重组牛肉品质特性的影响

为探讨大豆分离蛋白添加量对调理重组牛肉制品品质特性的影响,以碎牛肉为实验原料,经过调理和重组工艺,研究不同大豆分离蛋白添加量对产品的各项品质特性的影响。结果表明:随着大豆分离蛋白添加量的增加,调理重组牛肉制品的解冻损失显著降低(P0.05),出品率显著提高(P0.05),产品的质构特性得到显著改善(P0.05),黏结强度显著增强(P0.05),但是产品的色泽变暗(P0.05)。另外,低场核磁检测发现,增加大豆分离蛋白的添加量,T_(2b)和T_(21)的弛豫时间均逐渐变短,而T_(22)的弛豫时间逐渐延长,说明产品的保水性逐渐增强。对产品进行感官评价表明,大豆分离蛋白添加量为2.0%时,产品品质最好。综合考虑产品品质和感官质量,确定在调理重组牛肉制品中大豆分离蛋白的最佳添加量为2.0%。     

Recent progress of soybean protein foods: Chemistry,technology, and nutrition

Abstract

The most important chemical reactions during the process of soybean protein foods are the intermolecular reactions among the residues exposed on the surface of the protein molecules through the denaturation process. In native soybean protein molecules, most amino acid residues responsible for the reactions—such as cysteine (‐SH), cystine (S‐S), and hydrophobic amino acid residues—are buried in the inside region of the molecule, inaccessible to water. These residues become reactable with each other through the exposure from the inside by heat denaturation during processing. The unique textures of soybean protein foods, such as tofu, kori‐tofu, yuba, and texturized products produced by extruder, etc., are the results of both the intermolecular interchange reaction between the exposed ‐SH and S‐S groups and the intermolecular hydrophobic reaction among the exposed hydrophobic amino acid residues. The exposure of amino acid residues is also important for the hydrolysis of soybean proteins by enzymes, through which soy sauce is produced, because the cleavage of the peptide bonds is carried out after binding between the active sites of the enzymes and the enzyme‐specific amino acid residues exposed through denaturation. These facts indicate the importance of the three‐dimensional structures of soybean protein molecules in the technology of soybean protein foods. Recently great progress has been made in the manufacturing techniques of soybean protein foods, such as soy milk, tofu, abura‐age, textured protein products, and soy sauce. The quality of soy milk and tofu was very much improved by controlling the action of the biologically active substances such as lipoxygenases and β‐glucosidases which are contained in soybeans and responsible for the production of off‐flavor. A new abura‐age, whose texture does not deteriorate during frozen storage or drying, was developed by using soybean protein isolate and oil as materials. A new type of textured protein product was also developed: a deep‐fat‐fried nugget with unique texture and flavor. This product is textured through a twin‐type extruder. For soy sauce manufacturing new biotechnology has been applied on the pilot‐plant scale. This is a system of continuous fermentation through bioreactors with the immobilized whole cells of microorganisms, by which the fermentation term is shortened strikingly. New and important discoveries were made on the nutrition of soybean proteins. According to recent experiments using human beings, the amino acid score of soybean proteins is 100 for persons more than 2 years old, indicating that the nutritive value of soybean proteins is equal to animal proteins. Further, it was elucidated that soybean proteins have cholesterol‐lowering action. A discussion is presented on the future of the soybean protein foods.     

提高大豆分离蛋白乳化性及乳化稳定性的研究

为了拓宽大豆分离蛋白在食品中的应用，提高其乳化性及乳化稳定性。研究了大豆分离蛋白物理、化学和生物改性，并对改性前后大豆分离蛋白的乳化性及乳化稳定性进行了比较。同时也探讨了pH对大豆分离蛋白及其改性物形成乳状液的影响，并利用成膜蛋白质分子所受的相互作用解释了蛋白质的乳化稳定性受外界条件和内部因素所发生的变化。研究发现适度改性可以提高大豆分离蛋白乳化性及乳化稳定性；碱性有利于大豆分离蛋白及其改性物乳化性的提高；而且用吸光值比(K)可较好地表示乳化稳定性．     

脂质氧化诱导的大豆蛋白质聚集机理的研究

利用脂肪氧合酶、亚油酸和大豆分离蛋白构建的模拟体系，研究了脂质氧化诱导的大豆蛋白质聚集的机理。结果表明，在制备大豆分离蛋白的模拟体系中同时添加亚油酸和脂肪氧合酶会使样品的蛋白质氧化值与表面疏水性增加，巯基与二硫键的含量下降，说明脂肪氧合酶催化的脂质氧化可使大豆蛋白结构发生明显的改变。SDS-PAGE电泳表明大豆蛋白7S和11S的各个亚基均参与了反应，尤其是7S部分反应更为明显。HPLC凝胶色谱和激光光散射分析进一步证实反应后的大豆蛋白（RSPI4和5）形成了相对高分子质量和颗粒粒径较大的聚集体。现有的实验证据表明，高度聚集蛋白质的形成可能是通过包括二硫键在内的共价变联，以及诸如氢键、盐桥，尤其是疏水相互作用等的非共价相互作用，形成较大的聚集体。由脂肪氧合酶诱导的蛋白质一脂质相互作用模拟实验的结果说明。脂质氧化对大豆蛋白具有明显的影响；在大豆分离蛋白加工的过程中，控制脂肪氧合酶的活力或脂质的含量是非常重要的。     

Determination of the maximum feasible proportion in the substitution of meat substances by protein isolates in combined meat products

The author discusses the experimental data obtained during studies on male Wistar rats on the biological value of combined meat products (20 samples) including soybean protein isolate, sodium caseinate, and blood plasma proteins. The replacement proportions were 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100%. A definite dependence was ascertained between the biological value of total proteins in combined meat products and the replacement proportions. The replacement of meat proteins by soybean protein isolate (not over 25%), by sodium caseinate (by 50%) and by blood plasma proteins (not over 25%) and by a mixture containing 3 proteins (soybean, lactic, plasma) did not reduce the biological value of these combined meat products as compared to control.     

Experimental study of various aspects of immunogenic and allergic properties of soy bean proteins

Some aspects of the immune response were studied in experimental animals fed a soybean protein isolate. The relationship was discovered between the time-course of the humoral immune response and the protein dosage and feeding duration. Soybean protein feeding resulted in guinea-pig sensitization to soybean proteins.     

Preparation of canola protein materials using membrane technology and evaluation of meals functional properties

Suitable conditions for the extraction and precipitation of proteins from Iranian canola (Brassica napus, cv. Quantum, PF, and Hyola) meals were determined using a membrane-based process which consisted of extraction of hexane-defatted canola meals at pH 9.5–12.0 and precipitation, at pH values between 3.5 and 7.5, to recover a precipitated protein isolate (PPI). Acid soluble protein isolate (SPI) was then prepared by ultrafiltration (UF) followed by diafiltration (DF) and drying. The highest protein yield was obtained by alkaline extraction at pH 12.0 with all meals investigated. The maximum yield of precipitated protein was observed at pH values between 4.5 and 5.5, depending on variety and dehulling treatment. Almost 90% of the proteins were recovered in three products: PPI and SPI containing (81–98% protein, N*6.25), and the meal residue (35% protein). The glucosinolate content of all meals tested and their protein products was low, and in some cases they were below the detection limit of glucosinolates. Both isolates were low in phytic acid. Some functional properties (protein dispersibility index, water absorption, fat absorption, emulsifying activity, and foaming properties) were evaluated. Iranian canola meals were compared with soybean meal in terms of functional properties. All canola meals tested showed a high PDI and WA, and were superior to soybean meal in fat absorption, emulsifying activity and foaming properties.     

现代膜分离技术及其在大豆加工中的应用

膜分离技术是一种应用在食品工业的新技术。介绍了膜分离技术及其在大豆油脂精炼、制备大豆分离蛋白和多肽、处理大豆乳清废水方面等大豆加工领域的应用情况和存在问题,并展望了膜分离技术在大豆加工中的应用前景。     

大豆分离蛋白的改性及其对功能性质的影响

大豆分离蛋白是大豆蛋白最为精制的形式，作为一种组成成分，它广泛应用于食品工业，在不同的产品中表现出不同的功能。为了探讨改性大豆分离蛋白的功能性质，主要综述了近年来有关大豆分离蛋白物理、化学、酶法改性方面的研究，以及这些改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响，同时也提供了大豆分离蛋白基因工程改性方面的研究进展。结果表明，经过不同方式的适当改性可产生合适的功能性质，拓宽大豆分离蛋白在食品工业中应用的范围。     

大豆乳清蛋白特性及回收利用研究进展

大豆分离蛋白加工过程中产生大量乳清废水,直接排放会造成环境污染和资源浪费。大豆乳清废水中含有大豆乳清蛋白(Soybean Whey Proteins, SWP)、大豆异黄酮、大豆低聚糖等多种营养成分,其中大豆乳清蛋白应用价值极高,富含胰蛋白酶抑制剂、β-淀粉酶、大豆血球凝集素、脂肪氧合酶等多种功能因子。基于此,本文针对大豆乳清蛋白的回收利用,归纳总结了大豆乳清蛋白中的主要组成成分,并对各组分的研究利用以及其功能特性进行总结与分析,同时对大豆乳清蛋白的回收方法及利用进行了梳理,以期为工业生产实践中高值化利用提供理论和技术上的参考。     

Functional Properties of Lupin Protein Isolates (Lupinus albus cv Multolupa)

Lupin protein isolates were prepared by alkaline extraction and precipitation at pH 5.1, 4.2 and 4.9 and their functional properties investigated. Solubility, emulsification capacity, swelling and gelation properties were determined under different conditions of pH, ionic strength and heat treatment. Lupin protein isolates showed better solubility than soybean isolate and a similar emulsification capacity. Swelling and gelation were found to be inferior, but when modifications in the methods of isolate preparation were introduced these properties were significantly improved. Consequently, it is possible to consider lupin proteins as a potential substitute for soybean proteins in food applications.