不同初始pH对丙酸杆菌细菌素发酵的影响

薛氏丙酸杆菌在不同初始pH下摇瓶厌氧发酵,测定发酵液的pH、生物量、还原糖、氨基氮及抑菌活性,探求不同初始pH对丙酸杆菌细菌素发酵的影响。将初始pH为6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0的培养基分批进行发酵,结果显示:丙酸杆菌在初始pH为6.5时,发酵第2d的生物量为8.4mg/mL,与其他初始pH的差异极显著(P<0.01);以酵母菌和恶臭假单胞菌为指示菌,发酵产物细菌素的抑菌活性在第7d达到最大,初始pH6.5的抑菌活性分别为19.203AU/mL和24.827AU/mL,与其他初始pH的差异均极显著(P<0.01),说明不同初始pH对丙酸杆菌细菌素发酵有很大的影响,其最适初始pH为6.5。     

薛氏丙酸杆菌产抑菌性代谢物发酵培养基优化

本文利用单因子实验和响应面实验设计对薛氏丙酸杆菌产抑菌性代谢物的发酵培养基组成进行优化,以降低培养基成本和进一步提高代谢物抑菌活性。实验结果表明,玉米浆和大豆蛋白胨可以代替原始培养基中的酵母提取物和胰蛋白胨,通过Box-Behnken实验设计和响应面分析法优化得到了薛氏丙酸杆菌产抑菌性代谢物的发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖8.2g/L,大豆蛋白胨5.1g/L,玉米浆12.7g/L,在此条件下,代谢物抑菌活性的理论值为29.5AU/m L,实际测定值为29.4AU/m L。优化之后,薛氏丙酸杆菌代谢物抑菌性提高了57.2%,培养基成本大大降低。     

丙酸杆菌代谢物与山梨酸钾抑菌作用比较研究

以一株费氏丙酸杆菌突变株为出发菌株,通过改变发酵培养基、接种量和初始培养pH值3方面,研究其代谢产物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,并与山梨酸钾的抑菌作用进行对比。结果表明:3种发酵培养基均对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均存在一定的抑制作用,其中以乳酸钠(sodium lactate broth,SLB)培养基发酵时,该菌株代谢产物的抑菌活性分别为25.3 AU/mL和18.3 AU/mL,结果要优于0.1%的山梨酸钾的抑菌活性(21.1 AU/mL和14.1 AU/mL);对于接种量而言,对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌活性最佳的接种量分别为6%和5%,其抑菌活性分别为28.1 AU/mL和18.0 AU/mL,抑菌效果均优于0.1%的山梨酸钾;对于不同培养pH值而言,对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌活性最适初始pH值分别为6.5和6,抑菌活性分别为27.6 AU/mL和14.5 AU/mL,其抑菌效果也优于0.1%的山梨酸钾。所以,选择在适宜条件下发酵所得的丙酸杆菌代谢物,对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制效果要优于山梨酸钾。对丙酸杆菌代谢物抑菌作用的研究将为新型天然防腐剂的开发提供依据与试验数据支撑。     

分批补料高密度发酵生产丙酸杆菌素及其结构分析

采用分批补料高密度发酵的方法提高丙酸杆菌素的抑菌活性。从发酵96 h开始,每隔24 h补加2.5 g/L复合碳源（乳酸钠-葡萄糖质量比3∶1）和复合氮源（酵母溶液-玉米酒糟清液体积比1∶30）各100 mL,连续补加5 次后,丙酸杆菌素的抑菌活性从17.6 AU/mL提高到31.2 AU/mL。本研究创新性地将玉米酒糟清液作为发酵氮源代替部分酵母溶液,大大降低了丙酸杆菌素的生产成本。另外,通过红外光谱及蛋白酶敏感实验发现丙酸杆菌素是一种具有抑菌活性的蛋白类物质。本研究结果为丙酸杆菌素的工业化生产及其应用提供一定理论支持。     

发酵条件对费氏丙酸杆菌代谢物抑菌活性的影响

费氏丙酸杆菌代谢物是一种新型的天然防腐剂。试验研究氮源、碳源表面活性剂和温度对费氏丙酸杆菌代谢物抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖是其最适碳源,抑菌活性最高,为19AU/mL,玉米浆为最适氮源,抑菌活性为17.4AU/mL。0.1%的Tween80能提高代谢物的抑菌活性,最高为23.6AU/ mL。产生丙酸杆菌代谢物的最适培养温度为30℃。     

海洋多粘类芽孢杆菌L_1-9菌株50L发酵罐发酵工艺

为了提高海洋细菌L1-9菌株液体发酵的生物量和抑菌活性,进行了50 L发酵罐的分批发酵和补料发酵工艺研究。结果表明:L1-9菌株在50 L发酵罐中分批发酵工艺为:接种量8%(菌龄24 h、浓度为109个细胞/mL)、初始搅拌速度250 r/min、通气量为3 L/min,发酵时间为11～12 h,生物量达2.40×1010CFU/mL;补料分批发酵工艺为:在分批发酵的条件下,发酵13 h开始流加60 g/L葡萄糖溶液,使还原糖浓度保持在0.4 g/L左右,发酵周期30 h,生物量达到4.63×1010CFU/mL,比分批发酵提高了78.07%;抑菌时效测定结果表明,发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的抑菌作用伴随着生物量的增加不断加强,20 h抑菌活性达到高峰,抑菌带宽度为17.75 mm,抑菌活性与生物量呈正相关,为生长关联型。     

丙酸杆菌素的发酵及其分离纯化的初步探究

本文以薛氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium shermanii)发酵液为原料,以抑菌活性为指标,利用分离纯化技术提取发酵液中小分子丙酸杆菌素。丙酸杆菌素初步分离纯化确定的最佳脱盐条件为:上样量5 m L,流速0.5 m L/min,收集方式为手动收集,电导率达到1.5 ms/cm时停止收集;Superdex peptide最佳凝胶过滤条件为:上样量500μL,流速0.5 m L/min,深孔板固定体积收集,每孔收集体积200μL。最终得到一种分子量为698.9556 u的丙酸杆菌素,其单位抑菌活性为初始的6.8倍,抑菌活性得率为10.9%。酶解实验表明纯化后的丙酸杆菌素仍保留抑菌活性,且对胃蛋白酶敏感。     

一株费氏丙酸杆菌生长特性及其代谢物抑菌作用分析

对一株费氏丙酸杆菌生长特性及其代谢物抑菌作用进行研究。结果表明：该菌株生长周期约为10 d,第1～3天为其对数生长期,第4～8天为菌体生长的稳定期,第9～10天为衰亡期。在生长过程中,菌体利用糖的速率很快,还原糖在发酵1 d内几乎被消耗殆尽,发酵液pH值在发酵的第1天下降到4.6左右,此后一直到第10天,pH值基本稳定在4.6左右。在同等条件下,该丙酸杆菌代谢物对大肠杆菌的抑制作用优于对金黄色葡萄球菌和酵母菌的抑制作用。对代谢产物的分析结果表明,发酵产物中抑菌物质除了丙酸之外,还存在其他物质,初步判定为细菌素。     

不同培养基对丙酸杆菌生长及代谢物抑菌特性的影响

以实验室保存的一株费氏丙酸杆菌CS1420(Propionibacterium freudenreichii CS1420)为试验菌株,比较该菌株在改良PYG培养基中和在乳酸钠培养基中的生长情况及代谢物的抑菌作用。结果表明:两种发酵液中还原糖含量的变化趋势基本一致;试验菌株对乳酸钠的利用略优于对葡萄糖的利用;从发酵液生物量看,菌株在PYG培养基中的生长情况略优于在乳酸钠培养基中的生长情况;两种发酵液的pH都是从初始的7.0降至4.5左右;当用改良PYG培养基作为发酵培养基时,发酵后期发酵液抑菌作用最强;当用乳酸钠培养基作为发酵培养基时,发酵前期发酵液抑菌作用最强。     

竹黄分离菌液态发酵条件及生物学活性研究

以竹黄分离菌株sh-3为试验材料,以生物量和红色素产量为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化发酵条件,并对发酵液的生物活性进行研究。结果表明,较优发酵培养条件是20%马铃薯、0.03%MgSO4·7H2O、果糖3%、初始pH值为4、温度28 ℃、装液量120 mL/250 mL、摇床转速180 r/min,培养时间6 d。在此最佳发酵条件下红色素含量（OD529 nm）为0.853。红色素具有广谱抑菌活性,对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）最低抑菌浓度（MIC）0.158 mg/mL,发酵液的正丁醇提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性和较强的抑制酪氨酸酶活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press