皱胃酶酶学性质的研究

研究了皱胃酶的酶学性质。皱胃酶的最适作用温度和最适pH值分别为42℃和6.0。在45℃以下和pH4.5～7.0范围内,酶活保持稳定。Ca2+、Na+、Fe3+对皱胃酶的凝乳有明显的促进作用,Mg2+、Cu2+、Ba2+对凝乳有抑制作用。并研究了底物浓度对酶反应的影响。     

Enterococcus faecalis RQ15产低温中性蛋白酶的纯化及酶学性质

采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow和SuperdexTM 75对Enterococcus faecalis RQ15产蛋白酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究。SDS-PAGE测定该蛋白酶分子质量为32.4kD,最适作用温度35～40℃,最适pH7.5。20～40℃之间酶活较高,pH值耐受范围广泛,具有低温蛋白酶的特征。Zn2+对蛋白酶有激活作用,Ag+、Hg2+和EDTA-Na2对酶有显著抑制作用。纯酶最适作用条件下对酪蛋白底物的Km和Vmax分别为1.31×10-4mol/L和6.92×10-6mol/(L ·s)。     

猪脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的分离纯化和性质研究

通过离心、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose和Superdex-200层析等步骤,从猪脑中获得电泳纯乙酰胆碱酯酶,该酶比活力和纯化倍数分别为2.05 U/mg和26.97,酶活回收率为11.95%;该酶分子质量为257.30 kD,亚基为66.94 kD;以碘化硫代乙酰胆碱为底物时,酶的最适反应温度为37 ℃,最适pH值为7.4,且在40 ℃以下,pH 6.0～8.0有较好的稳定性;最适底物浓度为4.0 mmol/L,Km为0.94 mmol/L。Ba2+和Zn2+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,而低浓度Mg2+对该酶有激活作用。     

雅致放射毛霉3.2778羧肽酶性质及其活性中心结构的研究

固态发酵雅致放射毛霉菌株(Actinomucor elegans)3.2778得到羧肽酶粗酶液,以N-苄氧羰酰基-L-苯丙胺酰-L-亮氨酸(N-CBZ-Phe-Leu)为底物,采用镉-茚三酮法测定羧肽酶水解产物。结果表明:雅致放射毛霉3.2778羧肽酶最适作用pH值范围为6.5～7.2,最适作用温度范围在40℃～45℃,最适作用温度为40℃,在30℃～40℃具有良好的温度稳定性。0.99mmol/L金属离子中,Mg2+对羧肽酶活力表现出显著的促进作用,酶活提高37%;而Cu2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Hg2+可以抑制绝大部分酶活,残留的相对酶活力约10%。9.1mmol/L金属蛋白酶抑制剂1,10-邻菲啰啉(OP)和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)和二异丙基磷酰氟(DFP)均可以完全抑制该酶活性,同时,对巯基有修饰作用的蛋白酶抑制剂PCMB、DTT、碘乙酸和β-巯基乙醇对羧肽酶有强烈的抑制作用。因此,推断该酶可能是一种丝氨酸羧肽酶,其活性中心有丝氨酸残基和二硫键结构,酶活受Mg2+激活。     

不同因素对松花粉中脂肪酶活力的影响

为研究松花粉中脂肪酶的最适反应条件,考察了温度(℃)、pH、底物、金属离子等因素对其酶活的影响。通过脂肪酶的催化水解作用,以95%乙醇终止反应,测定其酸价,进而求得酶活,并选择出脂肪酶的最适反应条件。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:温度35℃,pH7.4,底物为三丁酸甘油酯,Ca2+、Fe3+、Mg2+、Fe2+会提高脂肪酶活力。     

中国对虾蛋白酶性质的研究

采用酶学分析方法研究了中国对虾蛋白酶的性质。结果表明,该酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH为9.0,是一种碱性蛋白酶。此酶在50℃以下及pH 7.0~10.0稳定性较好。以酪蛋白为底物,蛋白酶的最适底物浓度为2%。60℃时,该酶的半衰期为22 min,70℃时则为7 min。低浓度的EDTA对酶活有抑制作用,Mn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+对蛋白酶有一定的激活作用,而Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Pb2+对酶活有不同程度的抑制作用,可推断该酶是一种金属蛋白酶。     

黑曲霉羧肽酶CapA的克隆表达与酶学性质解析

通过对A.niger CBS 513.88基因组信息进行阅读和比对分析,发现一个新的丝氨酸羧肽酶基因CapA,并在毕赤酵母中进行克隆表达。在摇瓶发酵水平,重组菌GS115（pPIC9K-CapA）的羧肽酶酶活达到109.7 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明该酶最适温度和pH值分别为45℃和6.0;在30℃～50℃或pH 4.0～8.0孵育1 h,仍可保持80%或60%以上的活力;Mg2+可以显著提高酶活,Cu2+、Fe2+、Co2+和苯甲基磺酰氟则对酶活有明显的抑制作用。在6种被检测的底物中,CapA可以水解其中的5种,具有较广泛的底物特异性,并且偏好水解羧基端疏水性氨基酸亮氨酸和赖氨酸,苄氧羰基-苯丙氨酰-亮氨酸是其最适底物。CapA较好的耐热性和pH值稳定性以及水解底物特征表明其在食品和生物技术领域有较好的应用基础。     

韦伯灵芝漆酶的分离纯化及其性质

采用硫酸铵分级盐析、透析、聚乙二醇浓缩和高效液相色谱柱层析从韦伯灵芝TZC-1 发酵液中分离纯化得到电泳纯漆酶,其纯化倍数为37.1 倍,酶活性回收率为21.3%。活性-PAGE(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳)结果表明该漆酶由一种同工酶组成,纯化漆酶经SDS-PAGE 检测显示为单一条带,其分子质量约为40kD。该漆酶催化底物ABTS 的最适反应温度为50～60℃,最适反应pH 值为4.6,在60℃以下和pH3.0～5.0 范围内保持稳定,以ABTS为底物的表观Km 值为13.8μmol/L。Fe2+ 完全抑制酶活,Al3+ 和Mn2+ 对该漆酶也有明显抑制作用,Hg+、Cu2+ 和Mg2+ 对该酶有明显激活作用,而Zn2+、Ba2+ 及K+ 对该酶活性影响不大。     

亚硝酸还原酶的分离纯化及其性质研究

经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Cellulose柱层析、SephadexG-75凝胶过滤层析,由巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium MPF-906)分离纯化得到亚硝酸还原酶(nitrite reductase,NiR),分子量为35ku.NiR反应的最适温度和pH值分别为40℃和6.5.热稳定性较好,80℃保温4h后仍有50％的酶活力.在pH5.5～9.0均较稳定,残余酶活都在60％以上.Cu2+、Ba2+能提高酶活力;Mn2+、Pb2+对酶活力有明显抑制作用;Na+、Fe3+、M2+、Al3+对其有轻微抑制作用;Ca2+、Zn2+对酶活力影响不大.亚硝酸钠为底物,该酶的Km=8.6mmol/L,Vmax=4.1U/mg,该酶的适电子供体为抗坏血酸20mol/L、0.1mol/L的连二亚硫酸钠和0.075mol/L的草酸钠.     

玉米胚谷氨酸脱羧酶的性质

研究了玉米胚谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的性质。结果表明:玉米胚GAD的最适温度为40℃,最适pH为5.7,其热稳定较差,60℃下保温1 h,酶活下降至39%,85℃时酶完全失活,而此酶在pH4.5～7.5可保持80%以上的酶活。玉米胚GAD对Glu的Km值和Vmax分别为51.87 mmol/L和1.807 mg/min。另外,KCl、NaCl和SDS对玉米胚GAD活性有较大的抑制作用,而Ca2+对此酶的活性有较强的激活作用,可提高底物与玉米胚GAD的亲和力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press