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开发利用甜菜渣的新途径 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前,甜菜渣并未得到很好的开发利用。本文介绍了:①用盐酸、EDTA和草酸铵三种方法从甜菜渣中分离果胶,试验证明三种方法中最好的方法是盐酸提取法,产品得率可达16.53%,分离的果胶中含81.81%的半乳糖醛酸,并且是高甲酯化的果胶。②从甜菜渣中提取半纤维素和纤维素,通过不同条件试验证明,最好的提取方法是用通过60目筛的样品,用热EDTA溶液除去果胶,再用 10%氢氧化钠除去木质素,提取纤维素和半纤维素。果胶、半纤维素和纤维素都可作为食品添加剂而有益于人体健康。 相似文献
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《食品研究与开发》2015,(17)
采用先盐酸浸提然后乙醇沉淀的方法来制备大豆皮,文中主要考察了盐酸的浓度和沉淀剂的p H对果胶得率和纯度的影响。实验结果显示,用盐酸浸提乙醇沉淀法从大豆皮中提取果胶时,盐酸的强度和乙醇的p H对果胶的得率有很显著的影响。在沉淀剂p H为3.5的情况下,当盐酸浓度为0.05 mol/L和0.1 mol/L时,果胶的得率最高,分别为26%和28%。用0.2 mol/L或0.3 mol/L的盐酸浸提果胶或者沉淀体系p H为2.0时,果胶的得率降低。浸提果胶所用酸的强度和沉淀体系的p H对于产品果胶的纯度和酯化度没有显著影响。成品果胶的半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度分别为68%~72%和56%~60%。 相似文献
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采用不同方法制备大豆皮多糖,并对其得率、化学组成和理化性质进行分析比较。以大豆皮为原料,采用热水提取、高压辅助水提取、草酸铵提取和酸提取等四种方法制备大豆皮多糖,得率分别为2.69%、7.10%、2.96%和6.20%。水提SP1和高压辅助水提SP2的纯度较低,多糖质量分数分别为74.96%和79.66%。酸提SP4和草酸胺提组分SP3的纯度较高,多糖质量分数分别为97.76%和84.48%。采用气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和红外光谱(IR)技术对大豆皮多糖的理化性质进行分析。结果表明:大豆皮多糖的单糖组成种类较多,是果胶多糖和其他半纤维素的混合物。高压辅助水提SP2的相对分子质量分布不均一,水提SP1、草酸铵提SP3、酸提SP4的相对分子质量分布较均一,分别为15.7×10~4、26.9×10~4、26.0×10~4。红外光谱分析表明,大豆皮多糖含有果胶物质,为酸性多糖。 相似文献
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重庆奉节脐橙果皮中果胶提取工艺优化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以重庆奉节脐橙为原料,通过对料水比、浸提液pH、浸提温度、浸提时间、草酸铵浓度进行单因素试验,采用正交试验法对重庆奉节脐橙皮果胶提取工艺条件进行优化,并对提取的果胶制品的性质进行检测,包括总半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、含水量(干燥失重)、总灰分量、盐酸不溶物、pH等。试验结果表明,重庆奉节脐橙皮中果胶提取的最佳工艺条件为:浸提液pH 1.8,提取温度80℃,提取时间为120 min,草酸铵浓度为0.2%,果胶得率有25.14%。经理化检验,果胶制品的总半乳糖醛酸含量为66.3%,酯化度为63.72%,水分含量为8.15%,总灰分4.78%,盐酸不溶物0.86%,pH 2.33。该试验方法获得的果胶提取得率高,品质基本符合国家标准。 相似文献
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草酸铵逆流萃取法提取西番莲果皮中果胶的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对草酸铵逆流萃取法提取西番莲鲜果皮中的果胶进行研究,考察了逆流萃取的级数、温度、草酸铵浓度、料液比和反应时间对果胶得率的影响,并对工艺条件进行了优化,获得草酸铵逆流萃取法提取西番莲果皮中果胶的最优条件:逆流萃取级数为3级、温度90℃、草酸铵浓度O.45%、果皮质量与草酸铵体积比为1:35、提取时间5.5h。与传统酸法提取相比,得率由2.22%提高到3.82%,并对所制备果胶的品质进行测定。结果表明,草酸铵逆流萃取法果胶得率、品质均优于传统酸法。 相似文献
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分别采用微波辅助酸法、水浴硫酸法和纤维素酶法提取黄秋葵果实的果胶,研究不同提取方法对果胶提取率及其理化性质的影响,比较三种方法提取果胶的p H、酯化度、半乳糖醛酸、DPPH自由基清除率和热稳定性的差异。结果表明:三种方法对果胶提取率存在显著差异(p0.05),纤维素酶法提取率最高,为29.57%,水浴硫酸法最低,为24.80%;与水浴硫酸法和微波辅助酸法相比,纤维素酶法提取的果胶p H最高,且具有显著性差异(p0.05)。三种方法提取的果胶的酯化度均大于50%,说明黄秋葵果胶属于高甲氧基果胶,其中水浴硫酸法提取果胶的酯化度最高,有显著影响(p0.05);三种方法测得的半乳糖醛酸含量不存在显著性差异(p0.05);三种方法提取果胶的DPPH自由基清除率均随浓度的增加而增大,水浴硫酸法最高;黄秋葵果胶在热处理作用下黏度先迅速下降后缓慢趋于稳定。 相似文献
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《食品与发酵工业》2017,(12):150-156
以马铃薯渣为原料,采用酶法脱除淀粉和蛋白质,分别以盐酸法、柠檬酸法、碱性磷酸盐法和复合盐法从马铃薯渣中提取果胶,经超滤、乙醇沉淀和冷冻干燥得到4种马铃薯果胶多糖。研究不同的提取方法对马铃薯果胶多糖提取率、组成特性的影响。结果表明,碱性磷酸盐法和复合盐法提取果胶得率高(分别为29.89%和21.01%)、半乳糖醛酸含量高(分别为29.71%和31.57%)。碱性磷酸盐法提取果胶的中灰分含量(22.38%)显著高于其他3种果胶多糖(2.09%~2.48%)。4种工艺提取得马铃薯果胶是低甲氧基果胶;蛋白质含量低于3.0%,没有显著差异;中性单糖组成主要包括半乳糖,及少量的阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖。马铃薯果胶多糖的峰值分子质量在1.65×10~4~1.17×10~6u左右,为非均一多糖,4种方法提取得马铃薯果胶均具有果胶的特征官能团。 相似文献
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分别采用水提法、酸法、碱法、草酸铵法从南酸枣果肉中提取果胶多糖,并比较不同提取方法对多糖理化性质及抗氧化作用的影响。结果表明,4种方法制备的多糖得率分别为20.31%、25.33%、24.54%、21.71%;中性糖含量分别为21.21%、26.31%、35.53%、32.09%;半乳糖醛酸含量分别为35.78%、29.64%、45.35%、39.44%;蛋白质含量分别为2.99%、5.49%、3.34%、5.86%。红外光谱图显示4种多糖都具有果胶的特征吸收峰,属于果胶类多糖。抗氧化研究表明,4种果胶多糖的自由基清除力及还原力均随样品浓度升高而增加,基本呈正相关。其中碱提法制备的果胶多糖,表现出相对较好的抗氧化性,其对DPPH·和·OH的IC50分别为3 077 μg/mL和3 694 μg/mL。 相似文献
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A novel method was developed to extract pectinaceous materials from a commercial mixture of soy hulls and hypocotyls. Two ambient temperature water washings of the material improved the purity of the pectin. A water and acid soak at pH 2.4 significantly increased the yield of pectin by expanding the cellular matrix. the pectinaceous materials were then extracted at pH 1.8 and 90C for 45 min.
Laboratory extraction methods were scaled up using a solid-bowl, continuous centrifuge. After extraction and precipitation and washing in 2-propanol, a 3–6% yield of dry pectin was obtained. Chemical analysis revealed the pectinaceous substances were mainly a rhamnogalacturonic and xylogalacturonic backbone with −32% neutral sugars. These pectinaceous materials had an UA of 41%, a DE of 30%, a DA of 27% and a MW of 21 kD. These results demonstrate that a commercial mixture of soy hulls and hypocotyls are a potential source of pectin that has unique properties significantly different from citrus pectin. 相似文献
Laboratory extraction methods were scaled up using a solid-bowl, continuous centrifuge. After extraction and precipitation and washing in 2-propanol, a 3–6% yield of dry pectin was obtained. Chemical analysis revealed the pectinaceous substances were mainly a rhamnogalacturonic and xylogalacturonic backbone with −32% neutral sugars. These pectinaceous materials had an UA of 41%, a DE of 30%, a DA of 27% and a MW of 21 kD. These results demonstrate that a commercial mixture of soy hulls and hypocotyls are a potential source of pectin that has unique properties significantly different from citrus pectin. 相似文献
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采用酸法提取苹果渣中的果胶,并以单因素试验为基础,通过响应面法优化其提取工艺条件。结果表明,酸法提取苹果渣果胶的最佳工艺条件为:盐酸调节pH值1.5,温度100 ℃,时间2 h,固液比1∶14(g∶mL)。在上述最佳条件下,苹果渣中粗果胶得率为33.12%,果胶提取率为19.65%。4个因素对粗果胶得率的影响顺序为:pH值>温度>时间>固液比。酸法提取果胶的分子质量主要分布在165.92 kDa、5.83 kDa与0.45 kDa范围;酯化度为60.90%,属于高酯果胶;半乳糖醛酸含量为70.48%,所提取的果胶纯度相对较高。 相似文献
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大豆作为我国传统作物,有很长的耕作历史,但由于国内对大豆的深加工起步较晚,对于深加工的副产物豆皮、豆渣的研究利用较不充分。而豆皮、豆渣中富含膳食纤维,是水溶性大豆多糖(soluble soybean polysaccharides,SSPS)和大豆果胶(soybean pectin,SP)的良好来源。SSPS和SP结构和性能相似,在食品工业中具有很高的应用价值。在国外,对SSPS和SP的研究较早,对SSPS和SP的提取工艺、分子结构组成、流变学性质、乳化性质以及稳定酸性乳饮料的机制等方面已经做了不少的研究。国内起步晚,SSPS和SP的工业化生产始终未成健全体系,SSPS及SP的提取工艺存在不成熟、提取纯度不高及功能性质不稳定等问题。本文对SSPS和SP的结构、生物活性、以及在食品工业中应用的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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Andreas Baum Malgorzata Dominiak Silvia Vidal-Melgosa William G. T. Willats Karen M. Søndergaard Per W. Hansen Anne S. Meyer Jørn D. Mikkelsen 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2017,10(1):143-154
Pectin production is complex, and final product quality assessment is generally accomplished at the end of the process using time-consuming off-line laboratory analysis. In this study, pectin was extracted from lime peel either by acid or by enzymes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and carbohydrate microarray analysis were performed directly on the crude lime peel extracts during the time course of the extractions. Multivariate analysis of the data was carried out to predict final pectin yields. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was found applicable for determining the optimal extraction time for the enzymatic and acidic extraction processes, respectively. The combined results of FTIR and carbohydrate microarray analysis suggested major differences in the crude pectin extracts obtained by enzymatic and acid extraction, respectively. Enzymatically extracted pectin, thus, showed a higher degree of esterification (DE 82 %) than pectin extracted by acid (DE 67 %) and was moreover found to be more heterogeneously esterified when probed with the monoclonal antibodies JIM5, JIM7, and LM20. The data infer that enzymatic pectin extraction allows for extraction of complex, high DE pectin, and that FTIR and carbohydrate microarray analysis have potential to be developed into online process analysis tools for prediction of pectin extraction yields and pectin features from measurements on crude pectin extracts. 相似文献
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B.B. Koubala L.I. Mbome G. Kansci F. Tchouanguep Mbiapo M.-J. Crepeau J.-F. Thibault M.-C. Ralet 《Food chemistry》2008
Extraction and use of pectins from ambarella peels could add value to the waste products arising from processing of the fruit. Dried alcohol-insoluble residues (AIR) of ambarella peels were treated separately with HCl, deionised water and oxalic acid/ammonium oxalate solutions, and the resulting pectin extracts analysed for some biochemical and physicochemical parameters. The results show that pectin yield (9–30% dry AIR), uronic acid (557–727 mg/g dry weight), neutral sugars (125–158 mg/g), degree of methylation (50–58%) and acetylation (4–6%), molar mass (263,000–303,000 g/mol) and intrinsic viscosity (179–480 ml/g) varied significantly (p < 0.05) with the various extraction methods used. Extraction with oxalic acid/ammonium oxalate solution gave the highest pectin yield, with high molar mass and degree of methylation, making the extracts suitable for use as additives in the food industry. The results compared well to lime pectin extracted under the same conditions, indicating their commercial significance. 相似文献