一种无糖褐色乳酸菌饮料的开发研究

通过单因素实验和复配实验,以离心沉淀率、黏度、感官品评为评价指标,研究了果胶和大豆多糖复配及其添加量对无糖褐色乳酸菌饮料稳定性的影响,并通过正交试验对3种甜味剂的配比进行优化,确定了应用在无糖褐色乳酸菌饮料中的复配甜味剂及其最适添加量。结果表明,无糖褐色乳酸菌饮料具有良好稳定性和口感的优化配方为:果胶0.25%,大豆多糖0.25%,木糖醇2.0%,安赛蜜0.028%,三氯蔗糖0.010%,由此配方制备的无糖褐色乳酸菌饮料其感官品评得分为96分。     

低糖褐色乳酸菌饮料的研制

以安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖为甜味剂,代替部分蔗糖,降低饮料的蔗糖添加量;以乳酸FCC80为酸度调节剂,通过正交试验,确定安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、蔗糖和乳酸的最适添加量,分别是0.012%, 0.012%, 2.0%和0.24%。分别以可溶性大豆多糖、高甲氧基果胶、复配稳定剂MA316为稳定剂,通过离心试验和黏度测试等测评,确定稳定剂采用可溶性大豆多糖,当其添加量为0.4%时,低糖褐色乳酸菌饮料的稳定性和口感最佳。     

红菇多糖饮料的研制

以红菇为原料提取多糖,采用乳酸菌发酵,并通过添加适量蜂蜜、蔗糖、柠檬酸和复合稳定剂生产澄清型红菇多糖饮料。结果表明:红菇多糖的最佳提取工艺为:时间60min,温度80℃,料液比1∶30(g/mL),pH8.0,红菇多糖得率为5.21%。乳酸发酵最佳工艺为:多糖提取液30%,低脂乳70%,发酵时间13h,发酵温度40℃,乳酸菌接种量0.09%。饮料调配的最佳配比为:发酵液50mL,蜂蜜2.0g,蔗糖7.0g,柠檬酸0.3g。复合稳定剂的最佳比例为:黄原胶0.006g、海藻酸钠0.006g、CMC-钠0.004g。研制出的红菇多糖饮料营养丰富、风味独特,是一款老少皆宜的保健饮品。     

亲水胶体在稳定香蕉饮料中的应用

通过测定饮料的混浊稳定性,比较几种亲水胶体对香蕉饮料的稳定作用,选择其中几种稳定效果较好的胶进行复配实验,最终确定添加0.1%的胶体组合A∶D∶B=2∶1∶2作为香蕉饮料的稳定剂。     

褐色益生菌乳饮料的研制

以脱脂乳粉、果葡糖浆、蔗糖为主要原料,以可溶性大豆多糖为稳定剂,制成褐色益生菌饮料。通过不同蔗糖、可溶性大豆多糖、柠檬酸、褐变时间等工艺配方组合,确定产品最佳工艺配方。试验结果表明,蔗糖、可溶性大豆多糖、柠檬酸的最适添加量分别是10%、0.4%、0.2%,褐变时间为120 min时,制备的褐色益生菌饮料的感官和稳定性较好。产品口感清爽,酸甜适宜,颜色呈均匀浅褐色,状态稳定,在保质期内无明显蛋白沉淀和乳清析出。     

亚临界水提取的水溶性大豆多糖的流变特性

采用亚临界水提取大豆多糖,并研究大豆多糖质量浓度、金属离子浓度、pH值、蔗糖添加量对水溶性大豆多糖水溶液流变性及其黏度的影响。结果表明：水溶性大豆多糖水溶液为假塑性流体,其流体类型不随大豆多糖质量浓度、pH值的变化和金属离子、蔗糖的添加而改变;金属离子对水溶性大豆多糖的黏度影响很小,而水溶性大豆多糖的黏度随其质量浓度、蔗糖添加量及pH值的增大而上升,但与果胶相比黏度仍较低。采用亚临界水提取的大豆多糖具有稳定的流变特性,可作为添加剂应用于低黏度乳酸饮料和含糖饮料等食品中。     

响应面法对常温褐色乳酸菌饮料稳定剂的优化

以感官评价为指标,利用响应面分析法对常温褐色乳酸菌饮料的稳定剂复配方案进行优化。结果表明,常温褐色乳酸菌饮料的稳定剂最佳复配方案为:果胶添加量0.35%、可溶性大豆多糖添加量0.27%、复合磷酸盐添加量0.08%。该稳定体系条件能够保证常温褐色乳酸菌饮料良好的感官品质并赋予产品细腻清爽的口感。     

富含天然维生素B的甜乳清发酵乳酸菌饮料的研制

对分离自发酵乳制品中的6株乳酸菌进行高产维生素B筛选,经筛选得到两株具有良好产VB_1和VB_6的菌株,鉴定分别为植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌。在前期单因素实验基础上,以甜乳清添加量、蔗糖添加量、菌株复配比例为因素设计L9(33)正交试验,以感官评价为主要依据,同时结合pH值和维生素B产量,确定了甜乳清添加量为10%、蔗糖添加量为6%、菌株复配比例为1∶1最为适宜。在此条件下,37℃发酵8h后,乳清发酵饮料的pH值为4.29,VB1和VB6含量分别为21.55μg/mL和17.09μg/mL,风味愉悦,酸甜适中,口感细腻顺滑。4℃储藏21d,pH值和维生素含量无显著下降,感官品质良好且稳定。富含维生素的乳清发酵饮料丰富了目前活菌型乳酸菌饮料的品类,具有良好的市场前景。     

发酵型酸乳饮料稳定性的研究

发酵型酸乳饮料是一种深受消费者喜爱的一种保健饮料，但稳定性较差。本文研究了不同的稳定剂对酸乳饮料稳定性的影响。结果表明：当发酵乳含量为50％时，耐酸CMC和果胶可以使体系稳定：耐酸CMC与瓜儿豆胶复配时，异味较重；CMC与黄原胶、果胶复配会产生微黄色；耐酸CMC0．3％和阿拉伯可尔0．1％时酸乳饮料口感细腻，稳定性也很好，是酸乳饮料的一个很好的稳定剂配方。     

大豆芝麻乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

对大豆芝麻乳酸菌发酵饮料的配方和生产工艺进行了实验研究。使用驯化过的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为菌种,采用正交实验,确定该饮料的最佳配方和工艺条件。大豆乳和芝麻乳比例8∶2,蔗糖添加量为10%,乳糖用量为1.2%,接种量4%,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间16h。产品口感细腻,酸味可口,风味独特,是营养保健型发酵饮品。     

A COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS' STABILITY IN A LIME-LEMON FLAVORED CARBONATED BEVERAGE

Three intense sweeteners, aspartame, acesulfame‐K and sucralose, were incorporated singly in lime‐lemon flavored carbonated beverage in optimized concentrations on a sucrose equivalence basis at controlled pH conditions. The beverages were stored for 60 days at 4, 27 and 37C and the sweetener concentration determined by HPLC. The loss of aspartame was maximum (29.5%) while that of sucralose was minimum (1.9%) at the end of 60 days' storage at 37C. In the case of acesulfame‐K, the loss was 6.1%. Sucralose was more stable than the other sweeteners.     

Sensory and textural properties of chhana kheer made with three artificial sweeteners

Chhana kheer, a dessert containing chhana and sugar, is very popular in the Indian subcontinent. A process for manufacturing chhana kheer based on milk fat, aspartame, acesulfame‐K and sucralose was optimised. Aspartame and acesulfame‐K at the level of 0.015% and sucralose at the level of 0.05% were found to be the most appropriate levels for chhana kheer replacing conventional product. The predicted score of the suggested formulation was 7.28 for sweetness, 8.06 for colour and appearance, 7.04 for texture, 7.79 for flavour, 6.69 for overall acceptability and 4820 g s for consistency respectively.     

Analysis of various sweeteners in low‐sugar mixed fruit jam: equivalent sweetness,time‐intensity analysis and acceptance test

For a sweetener to successfully replace sucrose in food formulations, studies must first be conducted to determine the concentrations of the sweeteners to be used and their equivalent sweetness compared with sucrose. After establishing the optimal concentration of each sweetener, it is necessary to determine which is more similar to sucrose. The objective of this study was to determine the equivalent amount of different sweeteners, necessary to promote the same degree of ideal sweetness in mixed fruit (marolo, sweet passion fruit and soursop) jam and to characterise the time–intensity profile and consumer acceptance. With respect to the mixed fruit jam containing 40% (w/w) of sucrose, sucralose presented the highest sweetening power, being 1033.59 times sweeter than sucrose, followed by sucralose/acesulfame‐K/neotame 5:3:0.1 (982.80), sucralose/steviol glycoside 2:1 (862.67), sucralose/acesulfame‐K 3:1 (847.45) and sucralose/thaumatin 1:0.6 (284.29). The sweeteners had a time–intensity sweetness profile similar to sucrose and a time–intensity bitterness profile different from sucrose but similar among themselves. In relation to sensory acceptance, a significant difference between the low‐sugar jam and the traditional jam was not observed.     

配制型酸乳饮料的稳定性和风味研究

配制型酸乳饮料不仅营养丰富,风味酸甜可口,而且生产工艺相对简单,在市场上很有竞争力。研究配制型酸乳饮料的生产工艺,结果表明:当全脂奶粉含量为5%时,同时添加耐酸CMC0.2%和阿拉伯可尔0.1%两种稳定剂,稳定性很好,口感细腻无异味。进一步添加1.0%的变性淀粉TAX-TRA,可以增加酸乳饮料风味、厚实感明显加强、余味更足。当酸乳饮料pH为4.0时,添加10%蔗糖或6%蔗糖和0.02%安赛蜜都可以使饮料酸甜可口。     

速溶氨基酸固体饮料工艺的研究

以支链氨基酸为主要原料,适当添加白砂糖、麦芽糖醇、三氯蔗糖、酒石酸、柠檬酸、食用香精、磷脂等辅料混合调配,采用正交试验对固体饮料的配方进行优化。实验结果表明,葡萄味支链氨基酸速溶固体饮料最佳配方为支链氨基酸45%~55%,白砂糖30%~35%,酸味剂4.0%,三氯蔗糖0.8%,麦芽糖醇4.5%,磷脂0.7%,制得固体饮料具有天然葡萄风味,速溶性好,口感良好,酸甜可口。     

奶茶泡腾片固体饮料的研制

以脱脂奶粉和红茶粉为主要原料,研制出一种新型奶茶泡腾片固体饮料。通过单因素和正交优化试验,得到奶茶粉的最佳工艺配方为脱脂奶粉8%,红茶粉1.5%,复配稳定剂0.3%(单甘脂0.2%、卡拉胶0.1%),白砂糖5%。经优化后,奶茶泡腾片的最佳工艺配方为奶茶粉8%,三氯蔗糖0.8%,柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠质量比1︰1。在该工艺下制备得到的奶茶泡腾片平均崩解时间为235 s,平均pH 4.77,所得饮料呈棕褐色,酸甜可口,富有牛奶和红茶的香气。     

薯蔓多糖的纯化工艺

采用活性炭脱色,选取时间、温度、活性炭用量3个因素进行正交实验,用脱色率和多糖含量作为考察指标。采用三氯乙酸法和Sevage法去除蛋白质,主要研究其浓度与体积比对蛋白质去除率和多糖损失率的影响。结果表明:40℃、40min、活性炭用量为1.0%时去除色素效果最好,脱色率为21.98%,多糖保留率为94.09%。薯蔓多糖溶液与5%TCA溶液体积比为1∶2时,去除蛋白质效果较好;Sevage(氯仿∶正丁醇=4∶1)溶液与薯蔓多糖溶液体积比为1∶1时,去除蛋白质效果较好。      

Ready-to-drink protein beverages: Effects of milk protein concentration and type on flavor

This study evaluated the role of protein concentration and milk protein ingredient [serum protein isolate (SPI), micellar casein concentrate (MCC), or milk protein concentrate (MPC)] on sensory properties of vanilla ready-to-drink (RTD) protein beverages. The RTD beverages were manufactured from 5 different liquid milk protein blends: 100% MCC, 100% MPC, 18:82 SPI:MCC, 50:50 SPI:MCC, and 50:50 SPI:MPC, at 2 different protein concentrations: 6.3% and 10.5% (wt/wt) protein (15 or 25 g of protein per 237 mL) with 0.5% (wt/wt) fat and 0.7% (wt/wt) lactose. Dipotassium phosphate, carrageenan, cellulose gum, sucralose, and vanilla flavor were included. Blended beverages were preheated to 60°C, homogenized (20.7 MPa), and cooled to 8°C. The beverages were then preheated to 90°C and ultrapasteurized (141°C, 3 s) by direct steam injection followed by vacuum cooling to 86°C and homogenized again (17.2 MPa first stage, 3.5 MPa second stage). Beverages were cooled to 8°C, filled into sanitized bottles, and stored at 4°C. Initial testing of RTD beverages included proximate analyses and aerobic plate count and coliform count. Volatile sulfur compounds and sensory properties were evaluated through 8-wk storage at 4°C. Astringency and sensory viscosity were higher and vanillin flavor was lower in beverages containing 10.5% protein compared with 6.3% protein, and sulfur/eggy flavor, astringency, and viscosity were higher, and sweet aromatic/vanillin flavor was lower in beverages with higher serum protein as a percentage of true protein within each protein content. Volatile compound analysis of headspace vanillin and sulfur compounds was consistent with sensory results: beverages with 50% serum protein as a percentage of true protein and 10.5% protein had the highest concentrations of sulfur volatiles and lower vanillin compared with other beverages. Sulfur volatiles and vanillin, as well as sulfur/eggy and sweet aromatic/vanillin flavors, decreased in all beverages with storage time. These results will enable manufacturers to select or optimize protein blends to better formulate RTD beverages to provide consumers with a protein beverage with high protein content and desired flavor and functional properties.     

Ideal and relative sweetness of high intensity sweeteners in mango nectar

The aim of this study was to analyse the ideal and relative sweetness of mango nectar with high intensity sweeteners. The ideal sweetness of the samples sweetened with sucrose at 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%, was analysed using an acceptance test with a just‐about‐right (JAR) scale and 100 consumers of mango nectar. The magnitude estimation method was then used to determine the relative sweetness of the high intensity sweeteners. Six samples were prepared and one sweetener added to each: sucrose, sucralose, 100:50:1 acesulfame‐K/sucralose/neotame blend, 1:1 thaumatin/sucralose blend and stevia with 97% of rebaudioside. The ideal sweetness analysis revealed that 6.84% was the ideal concentration of sucrose. The relative sweetness analysis showed that neotame presented the highest sweetening power, being 6026 times sweeter than sucrose with respect to the mango nectar containing 7% of sucrose, followed by sucralose (627), thaumatin/sucralose blend 1:1 (549), acesulfame‐K/sucralose/neotame blend 100:50:1 (259) and stevia (134).     

Addition of sucralose enhances the release of satiety hormones in combination with pea protein

Scope Exposing the intestine to proteins or tastants, particularly sweet, affects satiety hormone release. There are indications that each sweetener has different effects on this release, and that combining sweeteners with other nutrients might exert synergistic effects on hormone release. Methods and results STC‐1 cells were incubated with acesulfame‐K, aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, sucrose, pea, and pea with each sweetener. After a 2‐h incubation period, cholecystokinin(CCK) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) concentrations were measured. Using Ussing chamber technology, the mucosal side of human duodenal biopsies was exposed to sucrose, sucralose, pea, and pea with each sweetener. CCK and GLP‐1 levels were measured in basolateral secretions. In STC‐1 cells, exposure to aspartame, sucralose, sucrose, pea, and pea with sucralose increased CCK levels, whereas GLP‐1 levels increased after addition of all test products. Addition of sucrose and sucralose to human duodenal biopsies did not affect CCK and GLP‐1 release; addition of pea stimulated CCK and GLP‐1 secretion. Conclusion Combining pea with sucrose and sucralose induced even higher levels of CCK and GLP‐1. Synchronous addition of pea and sucralose to enteroendocrine cells induced higher levels of CCK and GLP‐1 than addition of each compound alone. This study shows that combinations of dietary compounds synergize to enhance satiety hormone release.