藏灵菇发酵酸奶的制备及工艺条件优化

以藏灵菇为发酵剂,考察发酵温度、时间和接种量对藏灵菇发酵酸奶感官品质的影响,通过试验设计优化发酵条件,得到藏灵菇发酵酸奶最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度24℃、接种量5%、发酵时间24h、蔗糖添加量6%、牦牛奶添加量50ml。所制出的酸奶样品为乳白色,组织细腻,光滑均匀,有些粘稠,味道独特的营养性饮品。本项研究可以为藏灵菇酸奶技术提供技术支持,而且可以带动当地经济的发展。     

藏灵菇酸奶发酵工艺优化及抑菌特性研究

以藏灵菇为唯一发酵剂,通过正交试验探讨藏灵菇酸奶发酵的最佳生产工艺和藏灵菇菌块、发酵液的抑菌特性.结果表明,藏灵菇发酵酸奶的最佳生产工艺为发酵温度37℃,接种量5％,发酵时间16h,牛奶装液量40mL;藏灵菇菌块和发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌作用.此外,藏灵菇菌块对大肠杆菌有较明显的抑菌作用.     

藏灵菇发酵富集青稞中β-葡聚糖和γ-氨基丁酸的工艺优化

该研究以青藏高原特色作物青稞为原料,采用藏灵菇进行液体发酵,对发酵温度、发酵时间、料液比、接种量等4个发酵条件进行单因素试验和响应面试验,测定青稞发酵液中β-葡聚糖和γ-氨基丁酸的含量,研究藏灵菇发酵对青稞中营养物质的提质作用。结果显示：藏灵菇发酵富集青稞中β-葡聚糖的最佳料液比为1:25、接种量为5%（m/m）、发酵时间为36 h、发酵温度为37 ℃;藏灵菇发酵富集青稞中γ-氨基丁酸的最佳料液比为1:30、发酵时间为8 h、藏灵菇接种量与发酵温度同上。在此优化工艺下,藏灵菇发酵青稞中β-葡聚糖的得率为48.26%,较发酵前提高了1.93倍;γ-氨基丁酸的得率为54.56%,较发酵前提高了1.8倍。综上,藏灵菇发酵青稞可以有效提高其β-葡聚糖及γ-氨基丁酸含量,实现青稞中营养成分的提质化开发应用。     

藏灵菇发酵螺旋藻酸乳工艺条件优化及其挥发性风味物质

本实验在单因素实验基础上,应用响应面法对藏灵菇发酵螺旋藻酸奶工艺条件进行优化,并采用顶空固相微萃取(high space solid phase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对酸乳中的挥发性风味物质进行定性定量测定。结果表明,藏灵菇发酵螺旋藻酸奶的优化工艺条件为:螺旋藻提取液添加量9%,藏灵菇接种量3%,发酵时间14 h,蔗糖添加量7%,发酵温度28℃,此条件下的感官品质得分为88.1±0.32;以普通原味酸乳作对照,测得藏灵菇发酵螺旋藻酸乳共含有41种风味物质,主要由6种醛类(43.68%)、8种酯类(26.83%)、8种醇类(11.18%)、9种酮类(10.49%)、7种酸类化合物(5.68%)构成。其中,对甲基苯甲醛、2,4-二甲基苯甲醛、乳酸乙酯、2-庚酮等12种风味成分在两种酸乳中均检测出。此外,藏灵菇发酵螺旋藻酸乳中含有醇类和酸类化合物达8、7种,各占11.18%和5.68%,而普通原味酸奶含醇类和酸类化合物达2、9种,各占4.17%和28.76%,藏灵菇复合菌种发酵引起醇类化合物增加,酸类化合物减少,使得此新兴酸乳制品口感更加柔和,并赋予了其酒香味。     

藏灵菇发酵纯牛奶过程中的物性变化

为了研究藏灵菇发酵纯牛奶过程中的物性变化,测定了不同发酵温度和发酵时间对藏灵菇发酵液的pH、保水率(WHC)、脱水收缩率、粘度、乳糖、蛋白质这六方面物性指标的影响.利用SAS统计软件,科学地分析了藏灵菇发酵过程中的以上指标的变化规律,解释了形成此种规律的原因.最后通过扫描电镜的观察,直观地展示了藏灵菇发酵液和市售酸奶在结构上的区别.解释了藏灵菇发酵液粘度曲线的特殊性.电镜扫描显示藏灵菇发酵液与市售酸奶相比无复杂的空间结构,发酵温度和时间及其交互效应对于以上物性方面均有不同程度的影响.     

藏灵菇增殖条件及发酵性能的研究

以藏灵菇增殖率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验研究了藏灵菇的增殖条件为:温度37℃、乳浓度为70%、接种量为5%,藏灵菇的增殖率可达13.05%。藏灵菇发酵性能研究表明,藏灵菇酸乳的乳酸菌菌落总数可达1.35×106 cfu/mL,后酸化现象较弱,且酸乳口感细腻,香气更浓郁。     

藏灵菇增殖条件的优化

采用单因素实验、部分因素实验和中心组合设计对藏灵菇在复合培养基中的增殖条件进行优化。结果表明,培养温度和初始接种量对藏灵菇增殖的影响显著,得到的最优条件为:接种量1.1%、温度23.2℃、初始pH6.48、培养时间22h时下,增殖率的预测极大值为263.04%。验证实验表明,在该条件下藏灵菇增殖率为252.67%±4.54%。     

搅拌型海鲜菇酸奶生产工艺研究

对搅拌型海鲜菇酸奶的生产工艺进行研究。通过响应面分析法确定生产搅拌型海鲜菇酸奶的最佳条件,即保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌质量比2︰1混合发酵,海鲜菇浆添加量8.5%,接种量4.9%,发酵温度39℃,发酵时间5 d。     

花生芽鹰嘴豆复合酸奶的发酵工艺优化

以奶粉、花生芽和鹰嘴豆为主要原料,安琪12菌型酸奶发酵剂为发酵菌种,制备花生芽鹰嘴豆复合酸奶。以酸度、黏度、乳酸菌数、感官评分为评价指标,研究糖添加量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对花生芽鹰嘴豆复合酸奶发酵的影响,并采用正交试验优化其发酵条件。结果表明,各因素对酸奶感官评分的影响顺序依次为接种量>糖添加量>发酵温度>发酵时间;各因素对乳酸菌数的影响依次为接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度、糖添加量。花生芽鹰嘴豆复合酸奶最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量5 g/L,白砂糖添加量8%,发酵温度39℃,发酵时间24 h。此优化条件下获得的酸奶风味良好,乳酸菌数为8.11×108CFU/m L,感官评分为92分,酸度为78.31°T。     

藏灵菇菌发酵性能以及抑菌特性研究

以复原乳为原料,将藏灵菇菌作为发酵剂以10%的接种量在30℃、37℃、42℃培养至凝乳,4℃冷藏.考察了凝乳期间和后酸化过程中藏灵菇菌产酸能力以及藏灵菇菌发酵乳的保水率、黏度;以大肠杆菌为指示菌,采用滤纸片法研究了藏灵菇菌块、发酵乳上清液对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性.在42℃下藏灵菇菌发酵乳产酸快,9h达到81°T,37℃下发酵12h达到83°T.发酵乳冷藏1d后的测定的黏度值(表观黏度η')由大到小依次为:η'37℃>η'42℃>η'30℃,三者保水率相近.综合考虑藏灵菇菌发酵乳较优发酵温度为37℃,发酵12h;藏灵菇菌块对大肠杆菌有一定抑菌作用,且产生这种抑菌作用的物质对热敏感,发酵乳上清液对大肠杆菌起抑菌作用主要由酸度降低引起.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press