河蚬酶解产物的制备及其醒酒功效

为充分利用河蚬资源,提高河蚬附加值,采用可控酶解技术对河蚬进行水解制备酶解产物并对其醒酒功效进行研究。以水解度为指标,采用4种蛋白酶对河蚬进行水解筛选出最佳水解酶,再通过单因素和响应面法优化最佳水解酶酶解工艺,并通过小鼠试验考察所制备的酶解产物的醒酒作用。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶为制备河蚬酶解产物的最适酶,酶解最佳条件为:温度56.6℃、pH9.0、底物浓度45%、加酶量0.75%、酶解时间5 h,酶解产物水解度为31.06%。与酒精模型组相比,酶解产物各组均缩短了小鼠醉酒时间和延长了醒酒时间,浓度为1.6 g/kg·bw酶解产物组醒酒效果最佳,醉酒时间延长率、醒酒时间缩短率、血醇浓度降低率分别为120.25%、37.70%和32.48%。研究为河蚬酶解产物的制备及醒酒功能的开发提供理论依据和实践基础。     

企鹅珍珠贝肉蛋白酶解及酶解产物的抗氧化活性

用水解蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶对企鹅珍珠贝蛋白进行水解,以酶解液中的氨基态氮及风味为指标,确定风味蛋白酶为水解企鹅珍珠贝蛋白的最适蛋白酶,单因素及正交实验确定风味蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为:加酶量0.8%、温度55℃、起始p H6.0、固液比1∶1.0、酶解6h后的氨基酸态氮为3.65g/100m L。抗氧化实验表明,酶解产物具有较强的羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基抑制及还原能力。研究结果将为企鹅珍珠贝肉的开发提供参考。     

企鹅珍珠贝肉营养液的研制

采用酶法对企鹅珍珠贝肉进行水解,研制营养液。结果表明,利用枯草杆菌蛋白酶(pH6.5,温度40℃,酶浓度0.8%,4h)和胃蛋白酶(pH3.0,温度60℃,酶浓度0.6%,4h)复合水解企鹅珍珠贝肉的效果最好,水解液经脱色、脱腥处理,并加入山楂、红枣、冰糖进行调配,制成的营养液味道鲜美、营养丰富,具有一定的保健功能。     

鲢鱼蛋白的酶解及其酶解物功能性质的研究

以鲢鱼肉为原料,以水解度为指标,研究鲢鱼蛋白的酶解及其酶解物的功能性质.用6种不同蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)酶解鲢鱼肉,结果碱性蛋白酶的水解效果最佳.通过控制碱液用量,用碱性蛋白酶制备鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白(SCMP)在不同水解度(DH4.5%、DH9.0%、DH13.5%、DH18%)下的酶解产物,考察不同酶解产物的功能性质,包括溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性.与原鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白(SCMP)相比,酶解后的SCMP功能性质(除持油性外)均有不同程度的提高.此外,环境pH值也对酶解产物的溶解性和乳化性有一定影响.鲢鱼蛋白酶解产物作为一种潜在的功能性配料,在食品工业中具有一定的应用前景.     

具有抗氧化活性的骨蛋白肽水解条件优化的研究

对骨蛋白水解物的水解条件进行优化,并对其不同水解条件下水解物的抗氧化性进行了研究.本实验采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶三种酶,分别选择2%、5%和7%的骨蛋白底物浓度,酶与底物浓度比([E]/[S])分别采用0.5:100、1:100、1.5:100、2:100对骨蛋白进行水解,用pH-Stat法测定其水解度,并且将水解物应用于卵磷脂脂质氧化体系中,测定其TBARS值,研究其抗氧化性.通过测定三种酶水解产物的水解度以及在Liposome体系中的TBARS值,表明碱性蛋白酶的酶解产物具有较高的水解度和抗氧化活性,故选择碱性蛋白酶对骨蛋白进行水解;通过测定不同底物浓度、不同的[E]/[S]的酶解产物的水解度和TBARS值,得出底物浓度为7%:[E]/[S]为1:100的酶解产物具有较高的抗氧化能力.     

鸡骨渣水解用酶的筛选

以鸡骨架高压蒸煮后的鸡骨渣为原料,研究不同蛋白酶对其酶解效果及酶解产物氨基酸的组成。结果表明：风味蛋白酶具有较强的水解能力,水解度(DH)达到23.15%;其酶解液澄清度高并具有较强的鸡鲜味;其酶解产物中7 种必需氨基酸含量为68.90%,谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸等风味氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的5.09%、1.40%、2.59% 和10.45%。     

大豆粕蛋白酶酶解条件和产物分析研究

以水解度为衡量指标,通过正交试验设计,对木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和As1.398蛋白酶酶解大豆粕的最佳水解条件进行了筛选.试验结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆粕的最佳条件为pH7.0、温度60℃、时间5 h、酶浓度5%.胰蛋白酶水解大豆粕的最佳条件为pH7.0、温度50℃、时间7 h、酶浓度5%;As1.398蛋白酶水解大豆粕的最佳条件为pH6.5、温度50℃、时间7 h、酶浓度5%.对酶解产物进行超滤和SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明,因酶解条件不同,大豆粕酶解产物中蛋白质和肽的组成及其数量也不同;酶的种类不同,大豆粕酶解产物组成也不同;大豆粕水解度越高,其酶解产物中小分子肽数量越多.     

响应面法优化仿刺参酶解工艺及其改善睡眠活性的研究

以水解度为主要指标,筛选了动物蛋白酶、海参水解酶、木瓜蛋白酶、水产蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对仿刺参的酶解效果,考察了酶解温度、加酶量、水解时间、p H等单因素条件对水解度的影响,在此基础上通过响应面分析获得仿刺参的最佳酶解工艺,并对最佳工艺条件下酶解液高、中、低剂量对小鼠改善睡眠的功能进行了研究。结果表明:水产蛋白酶对仿刺参蛋白的水解效果优于其他受试蛋白酶,且响应面结果显示其加酶量对水解度具有极显著影响(p<0.01);响应面法优化得到刺参酶解的最适条件为:p H7、温度49℃、加酶量8%(酶/底物百分比)、时间4h,其水解度达到28.0%;仿刺参酶解液高、中、低剂量组对小鼠没有明显的直接催眠作用,但中剂量组能显著增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠发生率(p<0.05)。     

沙蚕多肽提取及功能研究

目的通过研究沙蚕酶解及其多肽产物的功能,提高沙蚕的利用率。方法采用碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶对沙蚕进行酶解,以水解度为评价指标,比较3种酶解产物的抗氧化活性、总还原力能力和降血糖功能。结果 3种酶中中性蛋白酶在6 h达到最高水解度37.8%。碱性蛋白酶酶解7 h的产物其亚铁离子螯合力最高,可达32.7%;DPPH自由基清除能力最高可达85.8%,为中性蛋白酶酶解6 h的产物;胃蛋白酶酶解6 h产物的总还原力最高;胃蛋白酶酶解3 h的酶解产物其DPP-4抑制率最高,可达52.9%。结论胃蛋白酶更适于沙蚕的酶解。酶解产物具有较理想的抗氧化及降血糖功能,为沙蚕多肽产品的开发奠定基础。     

中性蛋白酶对葵花分离蛋白水解作用的研究

利用中性蛋白酶对葵花分离蛋白进行水解,以水解度和氮溶指数为指标,考察了pH、温度、底物浓度、酶底比、酶解时间对水解效果的影响,确定了葵花分离蛋白的较佳水解条件:温度50℃,pH 7.5,底物浓度8%,酶底比3%,酶解时间4 h。同时,研究了不同水解时间下蛋白酶解产物的感观品质和功能性质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the