STUDY ON THE FUNCTION OF REINFORCED RUBBER OF MODIFIED POWDERED COAL ASH

The powdered coal ash (PCA) was classified, then the ash particle ( - 45 pro) was modified by a surface active agent and obtained modified powder coal ash (MPCA). The character of the MPC was investigated, when it was used as a new type reinforced filler of rubber. The results show that MPCA can replace or party replace carbon black or silica as reinforced fillers of rubbers.     

Applying BP neural network to detect conveyor belt fire with multi-sensors

A kind of feed forward neural network with three layers was applied to detect conveyor belt fire faster. And backward propagation (BP) algorithm was used to train the network parameters. The appropriate parameters and architecture of network were obtained after training with 81 pair of data. Matlab was used to simulate and the experiment result shows training time is least and error reduces most rapidly when ten neurons were in hidden layer and momentum coefficient is equal to 0.95. Temperature, rate of temperature change, dense of carbon monoxide and rate of carbon monoxide dense change were considered as four parameters to detect the PVC belt fire in this paper. It is indicated that the network can give alarm as fire takes place about 350 s. The network can effectively detect the fire at the early stage of conveyor belt fire. At the same time,the reliability of alarm can be increased and the anti-interference capability can be enhanced when using this network.     

Highly effective sorbents obtained by treating agrowaste products in cold plasma

Sorbents are widely used in purification of various liquids and gases, offering a universal means for wastewater and air cleaning. The most promising sorbents are those obtained from agrowaste products such as rice or buckwheat husk. Processing of husk in cold plasma modifies the composition, structure and surface properties of the raw material and raises its porosity, thus substantially improving the sorption properties of the final product.Husk as a raw material for producing sorbents has the following advantageous properties: (1) appropriate chemical composition; (2) low cost; (3) high dispersity, due to which there is no need in any special treatment of the material prior to its exposing to plasma; (4) scaly structure and developed porous surface ensuring a high surface-to-volume ratio. The best properties are displayed by the sorbents obtained in cold plasma under reduced pressures of 53.2 Pa. The raw naterial traverses the region occupied by the plasma and, as it does so, it gets heated up to a temperature of 250 - 350 ℃. The whole process involves two stages: combustion of the raw material and modification of its properties under the action of the plasma. The combustion proceeds due to the oxygen contained in the starting material. During the combustion, the hydrogen contained in the starting material and some part of the carbon also burn out.The resultant scaly sorbent is accumulated in a cooler. The scales are black; they range in sizes from 1mm to 5 mm.The sorbents obtained are remarkable for their useful properties and outperform most of the traditional sorbents used in modern industry. The starting materials are inexpensive, and their resources are almost unlimited. The sorbents have rather a low production cost (1.8-2.5($)/kg). The sorbents can be used for cleaning hydrosphere from water pollutants on a large scale. The degree of cleaning water surface from oil products with sorbents was a subject of investigation. The highest degree of purification the sewages up to 96.6, was observed in those cases where sorbents obtained from rice and buckwheat husk were used. Another advantageous feature of the sorbents stems from the practical good that can be benefited from their utilization. The sorbents saturated with pollutants can be used as fuel or in producing asphalt concrete. The sorbents may prove useful in pharmaceutical and food industries. Most advantageous conditions for producing such sorbents are available in rice-growing countries such as China, India, Japan and Korea.     

Highly effective sorbents obtained by treating agrowaste products in cold plasma

Sorbents are widely used in purification of various liquids and gases, offering a universal means for wastewater and air cleaning. The most promising sorbents are those obtained from agrowaste products such as rice or buckwheat husk. Processing of husk in cold plasma modifies the composition, structure and surface properties of the raw material and raises its porosity, thus substantially improving the sorption properties of the final product.Husk as a raw material for producing sorbents has the following advantageous properties: (1) appropriate chemical composition; (2) low cost; (3) high dispersity, due to which there is no need in any special treatment of the material prior to its exposing to plasma; (4) scaly structure and developed porous surface ensuring a high surface-to-volume ratio. The best properties are displayed by the sorbents obtained in cold plasma under reduced pressures of 53.2 Pa. The raw naterial traverses the region occupied by the plasma and, as it does so, it gets heated up to a temperature of 250 - 350 ℃. The whole process involves two stages: combustion of the raw material and modification of its properties under the action of the plasma. The combustion proceeds due to the oxygen contained in the starting material. During the combustion, the hydrogen contained in the starting material and some part of the carbon also burn out.The resultant scaly sorbent is accumulated in a cooler. The scales are black; they range in sizes from 1mm to 5 mm.The sorbents obtained are remarkable for their useful properties and outperform most of the traditional sorbents used in modern industry. The starting materials are inexpensive, and their resources are almost unlimited. The sorbents have rather a low production cost (1.8-2.5($)/kg). The sorbents can be used for cleaning hydrosphere from water pollutants on a large scale. The degree of cleaning water surface from oil products with sorbents was a subject of investigation. The highest degree of purification the sewages up to 96.6% was observed in those cases where sorbents obtained from rice and buckwheat husk were used. Another advantageous feature of the sorbents stems from the practical good that can be benefited from their utilization. The sorbents saturated with pollutants can be used as fuel or in producing asphalt concrete. The sorbents may prove useful in pharmaceutical and food industries. Most advantageous conditions for producing such sorbents are available in rice-growing countries such as China, India, Japan and Korea.     

Studies on copper coating on carbon fibers

1IntroductionMetal matrix composites reinforced by carbon fibers are promising composites for various applicationsdue to their high specific properties such as high specific strength and modulus ratio.However,applica-tions of such composites are li mited because of its interfacial problem:the lack of wetting of carbon fiberswith molten metals and a deterioration of the fiber properties during composite processing.To overcomethese problems,coatings can be deposited on fibers by various methods,…     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HORIZONTAL COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE FOR BITUMINOUS COAL BRIQUET

Through a lot of experiments, a new kind of stove using horizontal combustion technique for bituminous coal briquet has been developed. Making use of this stove, studies have been made on burning process of bituminous coal briquet, distribution of temperature field in the stove, the regularities of evolution and combustion of volatile matter, the burning rate and efficiency of bituminous coal briquet, characteristics of fire-sealing and sulfur-retention. The results show that, with the technique, some achievements can be obtained in combustion of bituminous coal briquet, such as lower pollution that the flue gas black degree is below 0.5R and dust concentration is below 90mg/m^3 . The stove‘s combustion efficiency reaches 90%, sulfur fixing efficiency is 60%, and CO concentration is decreased by 40% compared with other traditional stoves. With so many advantages, the stove can be used extensively in civil stoves and smaller industrial boilers.     

Studies on copper coating on carbon fibers

The weak interface bonding of metal matrix reinforced by carbon fibers is the central problem of fabricating such composites. Depositing copper coating on carbon fibers is regarded as a feasible method to solve the problem. In this paper, copper coating has been deposited on the fibers through both electroless deposition and electroplating methods. Two kinds of complexing agents and two stabilizing agents are taken during the electroless plating process. The solution is stable, and little extraneous component is absorbed on the surface. After adding additive agents and increasing the concentration of H2SO4 to the acid cupric sulfate electrolyte, the “black core“ during usual electroplating process is avoided. The quality of copper coating is analyzed using SEM and XRD, etc.     

Auxiliary ball milling to prepare WS2/graphene nanosheets composite for lithium-ion battery anode materials

A novel nano-WS₂/graphene nanosheets(GNSs) composite is obtained by ball milling with xylitol as auxiliary agent and hightemperature sintering.Xylitol improves the shear force during ball milling and well overcomes the van der Waals interactions between the interlayer of graphite and WS₂.Through high-temperature calcination,GNSs and WS₂ nanosheets can form tight interface contact.The produced WS₂/GNSs composites can be used as anode materials for lithi...     

Effect of some parameters of formation on surface graphite-bronze composite layer prepared by vacuum infiltration casting technique

1IntroductionComposite coatings can provide various properties,such as wear resistance,oxidation resistance,cor-rosion resistance and self-lubrication.Self-lubricants are usedfor production of bearing materials and gener-ally considered for use where grease and oil lubricants can't be used[1,2].Several kinds of these materials,such as graphite,PTFE,MoS2,and talc are used as self-lubricants with a metal matrix,such as Cu or Niandits alloys[3-5].Avariety of methods for producing surface mate…     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON EFFECTS OF INITIAL JOINTS ON SURFACE DISPLACEMENT DUE TO COAL MINING

Surface displacement caused by underground coal mining is influenced by many factors such as the depth and thickness of the coal seam and joints in overburden rocks. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the ground surface displacement. Nevertheless, the joints have not been taken into consideration for a long time. In fact, there exist numerous joints and cracks in rocks. As a result, the joints in overburden rocks have to be taken into account. The joints in rocks can be treated as initial damage theoretically. In this paper, two kinds of physical model, one containing no initial joints and another containing some initial joints, are employed to systematically investigate effects of initial joints on surface subsidence. Moreover, within the framework of damage mechanics, the statistical relationships between the characteristic value for surface displacemerit and damage variable are obtained.     

Micro-seismic wave＇s propagation law and its numerical simulation

Deduced the propagation rule of longitudinal and transverse wave. On the basis of this, propagation rules in attenuated visco-elastic media and varied Lame coefficient were put forward as well. The subsequent numerical analysis found that in a small scope longitudinal and transverse wave could be considered as homogeneously propagating when faultages and joints were not taken into account. The existence of lane hindered the wave＇s propagation, and it made the velocity gradient change in a local vicinity area. Therefore velocity varied in different direction.     

Study on numerical simulation of spontaneous combustion prevention mechanism by nitrogen injection in goaf

Based on heterogeneous and porous medium seepage of air leakage-diffusion equation, as well as, gas and porous medium synthesis heat transferring equation, a spontaneous combustion non-steady numerical model of nitrogen injection goaf was established, which can be solved by upwind finite element numerical simulation method si- multaneously. Taking the working face for example; air leakage seepage, nitrogen flow and gas distribution can be described in visual display in nitrogen injection goaf and the oxygen （O2）, carbon monoxide （CO） concentration and temperature distribution, as well as, their change were described in theory during the coal left behind combustion in goaf, which above reveals the complex mechanics course （mechanism） of seepage, diffusion and oxidation heat releasing during coal spontaneous combustion and its restraining. During the calculation, the effect factors of gas springing out and working face advancing were considered fully, and the spontaneous combustion course under different amount of nitrogen injection was simulated. The conclusions were obtained that under nitrogen injection condition, the high spontaneous combustion temperature area lean to the inlet air, but the shape becomes narrower, with the amount of nitrogen rising, the spontaneous combustion period becomes longer till to it does not happen. Meanwhile the nitrogen injection accelerates gas springing out in goaf. The result that turns out in theory simulation fits to practical nitrogen injection.     

SURFACE SUBSIDENCE ANALYSES BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF EXPANSION AND RECONSOLIDATION OF THE BROKEN ROCK STRATA

The results of experimental studies about the characteristics of broken rock expansion and reconsolidation were briefly introduced in this paper, and the surface subsidence coefficient under critical mining conditions was also analysed based on the principle of expansion and reconsolidation of the broken rock strata, a equation to calculate the corresponding surface subsidence was finally produced. This calculation method can be used to calculate more accurately the convergence quantity of consolidated rocks in the broken zone of the working face. In addition, case analyses by using the introduced calculation method were conducted and satisfactory results were obtained.     

Research on inspection of stability of subsiding area in composite rock-mass roadway

The reseamh concentrates mainly on the development of failure process in composite rock-mass through acoustic emission, convergence inspection, stress measurement,subside area measurement, level measurement in the process of stability and safety monitoring as well as inspecting of subside area in composite hard rock. In terms of the modem signal analysis technology, various aspects are discussed. The monitoring result and the stability of rock mass can be synthetically evaluated and inferred, and the location of acoustic origin according to the acoustic emission regularity can be successfully detected. Finally the key factors of the deformation can be inferred from in subside area.     

Origin of the hydrate bound gases in the Juhugeng Sag,Muli Basin,Tibetan Plateau

The Juhugeng Sag,located in northwest of the Muli Basin,Tibetan Plateau,has been investigated for coal and petroleum resources during the past several decades.There have been successful recoveries of gas hydrates during recent years from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation that offer insight into the origin of the hydrocarbon gases from the complex sag feature.This study examines the organic geochemical and stable carbon isotopic characteristics of shale and coal samples from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation of the Juhugeng Sag,as well as compares with carbon isotopes,gas amounts and components of hydrate-bound gas.A total of 19 samples from surface mining,including 12 samples of black shale and 7 samples of coal,were analysed using a micro-photometer,a gas chromatograph,Rock–Eval and isotope methods.All the shale samples contained 100%type I kerogen,and the random vitrinite reflectance values vary from 0.65%to 1.32%and achieve thermal pyrolysis phase.Isotope values of methane(δ13C ranging from−52.6‰to−39.5‰andδD ranging from−285‰to−227‰)in the hydrate bound gases suggest that the methane originates mainly from thermogenic contributions.It is proposed that ethane from the gas hydrate is thermogenic-produced,and this conjecture is supported by the fact that most of the gas hydrate also contains more than 30%of thermogenic C2+hydrocarbons and is similar to structure II hydrate.Carbon isotope data from the gas hydrates show a positive carbon isotope series(δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3),with ethaneδ13C values being lighter than−28.5‰,as high consistency with source rocks from the Jurassic period indicate thermal oil-prone gas.A model of the accumulation of gas hydrate is plotted.However,the gaseous sources of gas hydrates may be a subject for more research.     

Pumping characteristics of Ti-based non-evaporable getter

The application of non-evaporable getters is increasing, they have been widely used in sealed-off vacuum or controlled atmosphere devices. A new type of Ti-based sintered non-evaporable getter has been studied. The room temperature pumping speeds under three activation processes for H2 were measured as a function of sorbed gas quantities in this paper. At the same time, the optimal activation processes were discussed. The results indicate that the getter combines high porosity and large specific surface area which confirm good performances at room temperature. The threshold of activation temperature is about 500 ℃ and optimal pumping speed and pumping capacity can be achieved with activation temperature around 600℃ for 30 min. Besides, different configurations can be available in accordance with requirements.     

Pumping characteristics of Ti-based non-evaporable getter

The application of non-evaporable getters is increasing, they have been widely used in sealed-off vacuum or controlled atmosphere devices. A new type of Ti-based sintered non-evaporable getter has been studied. The room temperature pumping speeds under three activation processes for H2 were measured as a function of sorbed gas quantities in this paper. At the same time, the optimal activation processes were discussed. The results indicate that the getter combines high porosity and large specific surface area which confirm good performances at room temperature. The threshold of activation temperature is about 500 ℃ and optimal pumping speed and pumping capacity can be achieved with activation temperature around 600℃ for 30 min. Besides, different configurations can be available in accordance with requirements.     

The application of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatingson lift roller in float glass

1IntroductionThe flattened glass is transportedfrom molten Tinto annealing klin usinglift roller infloat glass line.Glass temperature is far belowthe softening point of glass,the hardness of glass,however,is low,thusglass is easily scared by foreign substances during transportation and this will lead to scrapped product.Therefore,the roughness of roller surface has magnificent influence on the quality of glass.Steel is com-monly selected as using material and can be attacked by molten Tin whe…     

Theory analysis and experimental research on on-line contamination detecting technology in hydraulic oil

A system of on-line contamination detecting in hydraulic oil based on silting principle is accomplished, where, metal filter membrane as detector, solenoid as active force to propel piston to blotter and gain differential pressure, step motor drives the membrane to filtrate and counter-flush, LabVIEW as detecting software platform, oil＇s contamination detecting indirectly by gauging differential pressure. Based on theory analysis, accomplished is relation between contamination level and differential pressure, realizing polynomial curve fitting, and calibration experiment. Field experiment is simulated in the condition of experimental laboratory, has credible precision and real-time performance, which can popularize to the field of production.     

Nanomaterials on the basis of electroboosted rolling in grooves and calibres

The process of electroboosted rollingin grooves and calibres can be utilised as an effective way of ob-taining of new materials with structure and properties ,close to nanosizes . The features and technologicalcapabilities of electroboosted rolling in grooves and calibres utilised for obtaining unique constructional(structural) and functional materials and hardware products fromthem. The cross-sectional(transversal)size of internal layers can be at the expense of repeated reduction of a packag…