Z80-CTC在微机数控车床中的应用

<正> 在计算机控制机床中,机床加工的进给速度通常是通过外加电路来控制的,也就是用外部速度电路(分频电路)对脉冲发生器所发出的脉冲进行分频后输入计算机,计算机按输入脉冲的频率进行计算并输出进给脉冲.由于Z80单板微机本身就带有计数器定时器电路(CTC),因而在Z80单板机控制机床中,完全可用Z80-CTC作为进给速度控制器.特别是车削螺蚊的MNC车床,不仅要求主轴转速和进给速度精密同步,而且要求每转进给量为一确定的量.使用可编程的Z80-CTC不仅可省去外部速度电路,充分发挥单板机内部功能,而且具有外部电路     

军用飞机任务保障规划方案效率分析

针对军用飞机再次出动保障任务规划方案的效率分析缺乏有效的解决方法的问题,构建了基于灰色聚类算法与熵权法相结合的任务保障规划方案效率分析模型;该模型首先利用灰色聚类对保障方案的人员利用率的有效参数进行计算并确定;其后利用熵权法对保障方案的人员数量时间分布进行计算;在此基础上根据任务规划工期、人员利用率、人员数量时间分布3个参数的权重得到任务保障规划方案效率;文中通过实例对构建的效率分析模型进行了验证;结果表明:所构建的效率分析模型能够有效的对军用飞机任务保障规划方案效率分析,且具有较高的可靠性和很好的工程应用价值。     

基于ARM的嵌入式精密进给控制系统设计

在精密磨削加工中,为提高加工精度,满足精密加工中工作台快速响应的实时性要求,并结合磨削加工工艺的特点和需求,提出了精密进给控制器的设计方案,采用基于ARM的嵌入式微处理器代替8位单片机对压电陶瓷进行控制,实现工作台的精密进给.同时,系统还具有较好的网络功能和良好可扩展性,可应用于精密数控磨床.     

一种快速直线脉冲增量插补算法

提出了一种应用于数控加工的快速空间直线脉冲增量插补算法。该算法在插补过程中只进行整数运算,每次插补计算可以得到两个进给步的三坐标轴进给脉冲增量。提高了直线插补的运算效率,而误差小于0. 707个脉冲当量。     

曲轴磨床模糊神经元自适应PID控制研究

针对德国NAXOS公司的SINUMERIK-8系统、610驱动及曲轴磨床的电机控制系统、电气控制柜,提出了用西门子CNC控制交流伺服进给系统进行改造的方案。利用定子电流的滞环宽度模糊控制,及模糊神经元自适应加权PID直流电流控制方法,实现了对砂轮不平衡进行补偿;用MARPOSS测量仪控制,保证工件磨削精度和进给安全。完成了电气驱动系统的改造,也满足了实时性的要求。在此基础上进行的仿真及实验表明,所设计的智能控制系统具有良好的控制性能。     

微型机盒式磁带接口的硬件及软件设计

本文论述了盒式磁带的几种典型实用接口方案,包括频率调制法、周期调制法、双相脉冲制及幅度调制法。文中详细讨论了上列方案写带和读带的硬件及软件设计,总结分析了各有关电路及程序,并对各自特点进行了比较。     

发动机叶片机器人精密砂带磨削精度检测技术

当前精密砂带磨削精度检测技术检测准确率低,检测效率差。为了解决上述问题,引用发动机机器人研究了一种新的精密砂带磨削精度检测技术,对其精度数据进行采集,将采集出的系统数据作为基础信息来源,获取叶片零部件的点云信息,处理机器人的工作主坐标系,通过三维激光扫描获取叶片机器人的准确信息,同时配以打磨剖光操作,以PCA算法解析,进一步将数据集简化,根据数据主要分布规律选择合适的算法加工位置与范围,在三维空间中,将点分别对应坐标轴中的点进行匹配,通过对磨削接触面的轮廓以及磨削表面完整性进行分析,以实现对发动机叶片机器人精密砂带磨削精度的检测。实验结果表明,相较于传统检测技术,发动机叶片机器人精密砂带磨削精度检测技术检测精度提高了31.28%,检测误差降低了15.21%。     

基于STM32微控制器的高频脉宽调制器的设计

高频脉冲电源对提高微细电解加工的工艺性有着重要的作用,而脉宽调制器经驱动电路生成IGBT控制信号决定着高频高压脉冲电源的输出频率及占空比;针对电解加工工艺的特殊性,创新性地提出基于32位微型控制器芯片STM32F103RCT6为核心的调频调占空比的方案;根据脉冲频率、占空比可调的要求,完成了脉宽调制器的软硬件设计,通过编译运行程序代码进行一系列的调频、调占空比实验并利用示波器采集两路输出的PWM波形;实验表明,自行研制的脉宽调制器能稳定地调节两路PWM控制信号的频率及占空比,验证了装置及设计的合理性。     

基于曲率特性的牙齿三维模型匹配方法研究

为提高无标志点情况下牙齿锥形束CT与蓝光扫描三维模型匹配精度,提出了依据曲率特性选取对应点集的匹配方法.取基准模型中三点为基准点,以各基准点的曲率值为特征评价标准,提取出待匹配模型中与基准点曲率值相近似的点作为特征点;通过约束条件,从特征点中进一步选取出与基准点对应的匹配点;利用三点平移变换法计算旋转矩阵R及平移矢量t,从而实现基准模型与匹配模型的初匹配.通过实例仿真验证了所提算法的准确性和有效性.     

基于SVM 的机器人高精度磨削建模

为了改进机器人磨削过程中对磨削量的控制,提出了一种基于SVM 回归的磨削过程建模方法,通过 分析与磨削量相关的一组可测变量——机器人进给速率、接触力、工件表面曲率,利用机器学习的方法建立回归模 型,对磨削量进行预测．这种方法可以避免逐一分析复杂的动力学参数．实验结果表明,该方法可以取得良好的效 果,模型的预测精度达到90%以上,基本满足实际加工的要求．     

Digital twin modeling for loaded contact pattern-based grinding of spiral bevel gears

To distinguish with the conventional tooth flank grinding only considering geometric accuracy, an innovative digital twin modeling is proposed for loaded contact pattern based grinding of spiral bevel gears. Where, data-driven grinding simulation, sensitivity analysis strategy, adaptive decision and control are developed. Focusing on loaded contact pattern optimization, numerical loaded tooth contact analysis (NLTCA) considering noncentrosymmetric problem and tooth flank roughness is developed for data-driven relationship establishment. Then, an adaptive data-driven tooth flank grinding decision and control model is established. Where, the universal motion concept (UMC) machine settings is selected as the optimal design variable. It is actually an infinite approximation to the target tooth flank in form of an adaptive control system. Moreover, with point-to-point material removal distribution, the different optimization strategies are proposed for accurate tooth flank grinding. In particular, the overcutting problem on the tooth flank grinding programming is investigated. Finally, Levenberg-Marquardt method is applied to solve the established nonlinear lease square model for the accurate machine tool settings having modification variations. Thus, this accurate data-driven digital twin modeling can achieve loaded contact pattern-based grinding. The provided numerical and test instances can verify the proposed digital twin modeling.     

超声换能器阻抗角的在线检测

超声治疗设备中超声换能器的阻抗特性在工作时发生变化而导致静态匹配失效,采用固定频率下的动态匹配可解决此问题,实时、在线对超声换能器阻抗角进行测量是实现该方法的关键.在过零计数法的基础上,提出了一种多周期同步计数法,并采用单片机及外部分频电路等实现了超声换能器阻抗角的在线检测.该方法具有硬件电路简单、测量精度高、频带宽等优点,当测量频率为500 kHz时,误差小于0.1°.     

基于STM32的点对点运动控制器设计

提出一种基于STM32的运动控制器,采用S形加减速控制脉冲频率变化,减小系统振动及提高定位精度,采用数据采样插补方法进行轨迹规划,实时迭代算法计算运行速度控制输出脉冲的频率,有效提高了脉冲输出效率;分析了该方法产生的误差,提出误差实时计算补偿策略;实验表明,控制器在点对点的运动中重复定位精度高,稳定性好;该控制器已经成功应用到两轴点对点的运动控制系统中。     

一种基于小波变换的多描述图象编码算法

网络信道的不稳定性可能会造成数据传输出错 ,从而可能导致恢复图象质量的急剧下降 ,或者使算法失效 .针对这种情况 ,提出了一种新的图象压缩方法来改善上述问题 .该方法是首先将图象进行小波分解 ,然后针对不同的频带特征采用不同的压缩方法进行编码 .在图象编码中 ,对于低频子带系数采用 DPCM编码 ,对于高频子带系数则采用多描述标量量化器 .由于小波分解后的系数经活动性预测分类后具有拉普拉斯分布的性质 ,因此可对其采用预测分类的自适应量化方法进行编码 .同时由于不同子频带的系数之间具有不同的相关性 ,因此在编码过程中采用了不同的方法来分别对高频子带系数和低频子带系数进行编码 ,并且充分利用了频带系数分布具有拉普拉斯分布的特点 .实验表明 ,该方法在减少传输误码敏感性方面具有理想的效果 .     

Range,radial velocity,and acceleration MLE using frequency modulation coded LFM pulse train

Linearly frequency modulation (LFM) pulse train and linearly stepped frequency (LSF) pulse train are mostly used in radar systems. However, the estimation performance of target motion parameters may be affected by the high recurrent lobe levels and the range–Doppler coupling phenomenon appearing in ambiguity function (AF). In multi-target scenarios, the estimation performance becomes even worse. The Costas frequency-modulation coded (CFMC) LFM pulse train has an ideal thumbtack-shaped AF, thus it can provide motion parameter estimation with high precision. However, the estimation of target motion parameter for the coherent CFMC LFM pulse train has not been investigated in depth. In this paper, we first analyze the properties of the AF of the CFMC LFM pulse train. Based on its convexity and narrow mainlobe width, a fast method to implement the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is proposed to estimate the motion parameters. To reduce the computation complexity, the Chirp-Z Transform (CZT) is introduced. Then, the Cramer–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) on range, velocity and acceleration for frequency-modulation coded (FMC) pulse train are derived. It is shown that the CRLBs are relevant to the frequency coding patterns. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the performance of the MLE. The results show that the performance of our proposed method can achieve the CRLBs when the signal-noise ratio (SNR) is higher than the threshold SNR.     

时频域块匹配运动估计算法性能比较

详细讨论了时频域块匹配运动矢量估计算法的理论及其实现,还从算法的运动补偿性能、计算效率和计算复杂度三个方面对时频域两种情况下的算法进行了详尽的比较。在相同条件下比较发现,相比于时域块匹配法,如果频域法不出现“双峰”,则其直接从相位相关图出发可以得到更加平滑和精确的运动场,计算效率高;但时域法更适合了存在多个运动的运动估计。     

Example-based automatic music-driven conventional dance motion synthesis

We introduce a novel method for synthesizing dance motions that follow the emotions and contents of a piece of music. Our method employs a learning-based approach to model the music to motion mapping relationship embodied in example dance motions along with those motions' accompanying background music. A key step in our method is to train a music to motion matching quality rating function through learning the music to motion mapping relationship exhibited in synchronized music and dance motion data, which were captured from professional human dance performance. To generate an optimal sequence of dance motion segments to match with a piece of music, we introduce a constraint-based dynamic programming procedure. This procedure considers both music to motion matching quality and visual smoothness of a resultant dance motion sequence. We also introduce a two-way evaluation strategy, coupled with a GPU-based implementation, through which we can execute the dynamic programming process in parallel, resulting in significant speedup. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we quantitatively compare the dance motions synthesized by our method with motion synthesis results by several peer methods using the motions captured from professional human dancers' performance as the gold standard. We also conducted several medium-scale user studies to explore how perceptually our dance motion synthesis method can outperform existing methods in synthesizing dance motions to match with a piece of music. These user studies produced very positive results on our music-driven dance motion synthesis experiments for several Asian dance genres, confirming the advantages of our method.     

Ballistic missile detection via micro-Doppler frequency estimation from radar return

The spinning motion of a ballistic missile (BM), which is a kind of micro-Doppler motion, induces additional frequency modulation on the returned radar signal. This modulation period in frequency, called the micro-Doppler modulation frequency, is a stable and unique parameter in radar target recognition. This paper first establishes the radar signal model of the spinning missile during flight, and then extracts the micro-Doppler modulation frequency through analysis of the periodic structure of the resulting spectrogram (short-time Fourier transform (STFT)) - i.e., the time-frequency distribution (TFD). In order to be used for BM target recognition we implemented a data-dependent optimal window length for the STFT. We treated the resultant TFD as an image and then used the 2-D DFT/FFT for feature extraction. Experimental results illustrate the validity of the proposed method.     

一种改进的紧凑遗传算法及其在分形图像压缩中的应用

如何快速有效地为高频复杂区域找到合适匹配块是分形图像压缩中一个难以解决的问题。考虑到遗传算法的可并行性与全局搜索能力,结合匹配搜索的特点与要求,提出了一种逐位变异、最优保留的紧凑遗传算法,并将这种方法应用到高频复杂区域的匹配搜索中去。分析表明,这种算法具有较之其他随机搜索算法更好的收敛性、更高的搜索速度和全局搜索能力,能够大大提高匹配搜索中最优匹配块的捕获能力和搜索效率。实验结果也证明了这种算法在分形图像压缩匹配搜索算法中应用的优越性。     

基于低频能量分布的掌纹特征提取

提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的掌纹特征提取方法,利用傅里叶变换将空域的掌纹图像变换到频域,选取频域图像的低频能量分布作为掌纹的特征,以此为基础对特征向量进行匹配识别。实验结果表明,该算法实现简单、操作方便,具有较快的反应速度和较高的识别率。