Sm2O3掺杂对BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃形成及结构的影响

借助魔角旋转核磁共振技术,探讨掺Sm2O3后BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2(BBAS)玻璃(BBASS玻璃)的形成、结构及热处理条件下玻璃结构的变化情况.研究表明:随着稀土掺量的增加,BBASS玻璃的形成区域先扩大后缩小.在Sm2O3外掺摩尔分数为30%时BBASS玻璃具有最大的形成区域.在BBAS玻璃结构中,随着BaO含量的增加,硼氧三角体[BO3]逐渐向[BO4]转变,原先[AlO4],[AlO5],[AlO6]共存的铝氧多面体结构逐渐转变为大量[AlO4]和少量[AlO5]共存的结构.在BBASS玻璃结构中,随着5m2O3掺入量的增加,Sm2O3对铝氧多面体结构变化的影响与BaO类似;对硼氧多面体而言,Sm3 强大的积聚作用使玻璃结构中硼氧多面体形成了巨大的网络.以上差异说明了Al3 比B3 更容易进入稳定的四面体结构.热处理对玻璃结构影响甚微.     

含Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，借助Makishima-Mackenzie理论设计了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃，获得具有较高弹性模量（120GPa)的玻璃，并研究了玻璃的弹性模量与其组成之间的关系，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值比测试值低约10GPa，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位状态，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的推导存在误差，利用Bocherulle公式改进氧化物堆积密度因子的计算后，Makishima-Mackenie理论数据与含Y2O3玻璃的实验结果能够很好地吻合。     

Cu^＋离子注入对CuCl微晶掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

测试了Ｃｕ＾＋离子注入剂量为３×１０＾１５，１×１０＾１６，３×１０＾１６ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２的ＣｕＣｌ微晶掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃的低温吸收光谱和发光光谱。观察到注入后激子峰向低能方向移动。近似地计算了ＣｕＣｌ微晶的平均半径。随注入剂量和热处理时间的增加，微晶尺寸稍有增加，使量子禁阻效应减弱。此外，ＣｕＣｌ掺杂玻璃的光谱性质也依赖于测试温度，随测试温度的增加，激子吸收带蓝移且变宽。     

Al2 O3对硼硅酸盐玻璃结构和性能的影响

硼硅酸盐玻璃具有优良的抗热冲击性能和优异的光学性能。主要探讨了Al2 O3对硼硅酸盐玻璃的结构和性能的影响。通过红外光谱测试分析了Al2 O3含量不同时玻璃的结构变化,测试了玻璃的热膨胀系数,转变温度、膨胀软化温度、粘度和化学稳定性。研究结果表明：Al2 O3的加入使得玻璃结构中[ BO4]减少,[ BO3]相应增加,从而使得玻璃结构疏松。玻璃的热膨胀系数增大,Tg 和膨胀软化点Td 降低,化学稳定性减弱;但玻璃的软化点Tf 在Al2 O3含量小于3%时,随Al2 O3含量增加有降低趋势,大于3%时随Al2 O3含量增加有增大的趋势。玻璃的高温粘度随Al2 O3的加入增大,但低温粘度减小。     

含Y2O3的锂铝硅系统微晶玻璃

The rare earth oxide Y2O3 was added to the system Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 glass—ceramics and the effects of Y2O3 on the properties of melting, crystallizing, microstruoture as well as thermal expansion coefficient of the glass was studied by DTA, SEM and XRD. The results indicate that, adding YZO3 to Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 systems glass could increase the viscosity of glass melt, in6rease the melting temperature and the crystallization temperature of glass,increase the volume fraction of crystals while the crystal types are not changed, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics decreases with the increasing of Y2O3 content.     

Cr2O3含量对玻璃熔体黏度和熔化特性的影响

为了保证玻璃液顺利浇注成型,并为高炉渣和铬铁合金渣协同制备CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃体系建筑微晶玻璃提供基础的工艺技术参数,采用FactSage7.1热力学软件绘制CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃玻璃体系的五元相图,并通过试验探究基础玻璃熔体的黏度和熔化特性。结果表明,在FactSage7.1绘制的相图中,随着Cr₂O₃含量的增加,相图的液相区范围不断缩小,表明玻璃的进一步熔化受到阻碍。晶核剂 Cr₂O₃的质量分数由0.85%增加到2.05%的过程中,玻璃熔体黏度逐渐减小,熔化性温度逐渐升高,在采用熔融法制备CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃体系基础玻璃时应使熔融温度高于1 469 ℃。Cr₂O₃含量增加会使基础玻璃熔化温度升高,具体表现为各组试样的软化温度、半球温度和流动温度均不断升高,因此应尽量降低基础玻璃原料配比中Cr₂O₃的含量。     

Glass transition and crystallization of ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass doped with Y2O3

The effect of Y₂O₃ on the glass transition kinetics, crystallization kinetics, phase separation and crystallization behavior of 60ZnO–30B₂O₃–10SiO₂ glass has been investigated by non-isothermal differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The glass transition activation energies E_g calculated by using both Kissinger and Moynihan model decrease from 668?kJ/mol to 573?kJ/mol for Kissinger model, and 682?kJ/mol to 587?kJ/mol for Moynihan model with the increase of yttrium oxide doping content from 0 to 6?mol%. And the glass crystallization kinetics parameters, crystallization activation energy E_c and Avrami exponent n stands for crystal growth, are also obtained on the basis of several well developed equations. Increase of about 58?kJ/mol in Ec values obtained by different theoretical equations is caused by addition of 6?mol% yttrium oxide into 60ZnO–30B₂O₃–10SiO₂ glass, and the Avrami exponent (n close to 2) suggests that crystal growth in 60ZnO–30B₂O₃–10SiO₂ glass doped with or without yttrium is mainly one-dimensional growth of crystals. The results on the phase separation and crystallization behavior occurred at 893?K and 993?K respectively for base and doped glass, are well consistent with the glass transition and crystallization kinetics results. Hence, addition of yttrium oxide into 60ZnO–30B₂O₃–10SiO₂ glass decrease the glass transition activation energy while increase the crystallization activation energy of glass, thereby the stability of glass structure is improved. Phase separation phenomenon and crystallization behavior occurred at glass surface provide some useful information for preparing glass ceramics with micro- or nano-crystals in surface.     

Yb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped zirconia ceramics

A suspension stabilizer-coating technique was employed to prepare x mol% Yb₂O₃ (x = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0) and 1.0 mol% Y₂O₃ co-doped ZrO₂ powder. A systematic study was conducted on the sintering behaviour, phase assemblage, microstructural development and mechanical properties of Yb₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ co-doped zirconia ceramics. Fully dense ZrO₂ ceramics were obtained by means of pressureless sintering in air for 1 h at 1450 °C. The phase composition of the ceramics could be controlled by tuning the Yb₂O₃ content and the sintering parameters. Polycrystalline tetragonal ZrO₂ (TZP) and fully stabilised cubic ZrO₂ (FSZ) were achieved in the 1.0 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilised ceramic, co-doped with 1.0 mol% Yb₂O₃ and 4.0 mol% Yb₂O₃, respectively. The amount of stabilizer needed to form cubic ZrO₂ phase in the Yb₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ co-doped ZrO₂ ceramics was lower than that of single phase Y₂O₃-doped materials. The indentation fracture toughness could be tailored up to 8.5 MPa m^1/2 in combination with a hardness of 12 GPa by sintering a 1.0 mol% Yb₂O₃ and 1.0 mol% Y₂O₃ ceramic at 1450 °C for 1 h.     

Effect of Y2O3 and Er2O3 co-dopants on phase stabilization of bismuth oxide

Bi₂O₃ compositions were prepared to investigate the effect of rare earth metal oxides as co-dopants on phase stability of bismuth oxide. Compositions containing 9-14 mol% of Y₂O₃ and Er₂O₃ were synthesized by solid state reaction. The structural characterization was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction. The XRD results show that the samples containing 12 and 14 mol% total dopants had cubic structure, whereas the samples with lower dopant concentrations were tetragonal. Comparing the lattice parameters of the cubic phases of (Bi₂O₃)_0.88(Y₂O₃)_0.06(Er₂O₃)_0.06 and (Bi₂O₃)_0.86(Y₂O₃)_0.07(Er₂O₃)_0.07 revealed that lattice parameter decreases by increasing the dopant concentration. The XRD pattern and the powder density results indicated the formation of solid solution in the studied systems. After annealing samples with cubic phase at 600 °C for various periods of time, phase transformation to tetragonal and rhombohedral occurs.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y2O3-ZrO2 and Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 precursor powders

Thixotropic gels of the precursor powders of the titled compounds have been prepared by the addition of oxalic acid to the mixed solutions of metal salts at room temperature (≈ 27 °C). The clear sols of yttrium-zirconyl oxalate (YZO) and yttrium-cerium-zirconyl oxalate (YCZO) gelled within a few hours and were oven-dried at 40 °C. The various stages of gelation behaviour of the sols are explained on the basis of DLVO theory. By repeptizing the dried gel powders with water, concentrated sols were prepared. The gelation time as a function of chloride ion concentration is discussed for both sols. The nature of the temperature dependence of the dried gel powders was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the crystallization behaviour of the dried amorphous gel powders. It is found that these powders crystallize in tetragonal phase when calcined at 850 °C for 1 h. Estimation of surface area and infra-red characterization have also been carried out for the prepared powders.     

Partial oxidation of ethanol on Ru/Y2O3 and Pd/Y2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production

The partial oxidation of ethanol was investigated over Ru and Pd catalysts supported onto yttria over a wide range of temperatures (473–1073 K). The product distributions obtained over these catalytic systems were correlated with diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy analyses (DRIFTS). Results showed that reaction route depended strongly on the type of metal. The decomposition of ethoxy species to CH₄ and CO or oxidation to CO₂ was promoted by Pd, and the acetaldehyde desorption was predominant over Ru in the low temperature region. Furthermore, the acetate and carbonate formation prevailed over Pd, which explained the lower acetaldehyde selectivity. The presence of CH₄ and CO₂ at high temperature is assigned to the decomposition of acetate species via carbonates over Pd-based catalysts. Ru was more suitable system for H₂ production than Pd by achieving a selectivity of about 59%.     

Effect of Y2O3 additive on conventional and microwave sintering of mullite

Mullite has become a strong candidate material for advanced structural and functional ceramics. Much interest has recently focused on sintering aids for mullite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Y₂O₃ as a sintering aid in the conventional and microwave sintering of mullite. To accomplish this study, a highly pure industrial mullite was used. Mullite with and without Y₂O₃ was pressed under a cold isostatic pressure of 200 MPa. Samples were sintered conventionally at 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550 and 1600 °C for 2 h and microwave-sintered for up to 40 min using a large range of power. The microstructure and physical properties of the microwave-sintered samples were compared to those of the conventionally sintered samples. The results showed that Y₂O₃ improved the densification of mullite bodies in the conventional and microwave sintering processes, but high densifications were achieved in just a few minutes when Y₂O₃ was used with microwave processing.     

Infiltration of Al2O3/Y2O3 mix into SiC ceramic preforms

Silicon carbide ceramics are very interesting materials to engineering applications because of their properties. These ceramics are produced by liquid phase sintering (LPS), where elevated temperature and time are necessary, and generally form volatile products that promote defects and damage their mechanical properties. In this work was studied the infiltration process to produce SiC ceramics, using shorter time and temperature than LPS, thereby reducing the undesirable chemical reactions. SiC powder was pressed at 300 MPa and pre-sintered at 1550 °C for 30 min. Unidirectional and spontaneous infiltration of this preform by Al₂O₃/Y₂O₃ liquid was done at 1850 °C for 5, 10, 30 and 60 min. The kinetics of infiltration was studied, and the infiltration equilibrium happened when the liquid infiltrated 12 mm into perform. The microstructures show grains of the SiC surrounded by infiltrated additives. The hardness and fracture toughness are similar to conventional SiC ceramics obtained by LPS.     

Wetting behaviour of Y2O3/AlN additive on SiC ceramics

The wetting of SiC plate by Y₂O₃/AlN additive was analysed using the sessile drop method. The wetting behaviour was observed by image capture system using a CCD camera during the heating, in argon atmosphere. The contact angle was measured as a function of temperature and time. After the wetting test the SiC plus additive samples were cut in order to observe the thickness plate cross section. The additive area and the interface between SiC and additive were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The wetting of SiC by Y₂O₃/AlN is influenced by the presence of a solid phase in some of the additive drops that depends mainly on the additive composition and consequently on the temperature. The measured contact angles were below 7°, reaching 0° for Y₂O₃/AlN additive tested at the eutectic composition, indicating a very good wettability of Y₂O₃/AlN on the SiC.     

Al2O3/SiO2比对高铝型钠钙硅玻璃黏度及料性的影响（英文）

通过采用旋转式高温黏度计和线膨胀系数测定仪,对不同Al2O3/SiO2质量比的高铝型钠钙硅玻璃的黏度、玻璃化转变点(Tg)以及膨胀软化点(Tf)进行相应地测定研究。基于Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman(VFT)公式理论,玻璃的黏度与温度存在一定的函数关系,由此得到了玻璃在锡槽成形温度段的黏度,通过Arrhenius公式理论推算其黏质活化能,由此探讨Al2O3掺量对玻璃熔体料性的影响。通过Ramman光谱对玻璃结构进行研究,[SiO4]四面体基团Qn(n=1,2,3,4)的变化反应了玻璃结构的改变。结果表明:在高铝型钠钙硅玻璃中用Al2O3替代SiO2,可使玻璃熔体黏度增大且料性变短,伴随着玻璃结构中Q3/Q2比例降低,同时可推算得到锡槽成型过程中各工艺段的温度。     

Sintering of Al2O3-SiC composite from sol-gel method with MgO, TiO2 and Y2O3 addition

Al₂O₃-SiC composite ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering with and without the addition of MgO, TiO₂ and Y₂O₃ as sintering aids. The effects of these compositional variables on final density and hardness were investigated. In the present article at first α-Al₂O₃ and β-SiC nano powders have been synthesized by sol-gel method separately by using AlCl₃, TEOS and saccharose as precursors. Pressureless sintering was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere at 1600 °C and 1630 °C. The addition of 5 vol.% SiC to Al₂O₃ hindered densification. In contrast, the addition of nano MgO and nano TiO₂ to Al₂O₃-5 vol.% SiC composites improved densification but Y₂O₃ did not have positive effect on sintering. Maximum density (97%) was achieved at 1630 °C. Vickers hardness was 17.7 GPa after sintering at 1630 °C. SEM revealed that the SiC particles were well distributed throughout the composite microstructures. The precursors and the resultant powders were characterized by XRD, STA and SEM.