生物质与煤矸石混合燃烧特性分析

文章利用TG-DTA热重分析仪,对玉米秸秆、向日葵花盘和煤矸石进行混合燃烧试验,研究了混合试样的燃烧特性。结果表明:向日葵花盘较玉米秸秆更易燃烧,燃烧过程更为剧烈、发热量更高,燃烧特性更好,而玉米秸秆燃烧过程较为稳定;两种生物质与煤矸石混合燃烧过程中,向日葵花盘与煤矸石表现出的协同作用更明显;不同含量的向日葵花盘与煤矸石燃烧过程中,随着向日葵花盘含量的增加,着火温度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,最大失重温度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,最大失重率和总的失重率均增大;300℃之前混合试样的转化率相差不大,300～600℃时向日葵花盘含量越高转化率越大,600℃之后向日葵花盘含量越少转化率增加速度越快。     

生物质与煤混烧的燃烧特性研究

在STA 409C型热综合分析仪上对一种煤和两种生物质以及它们以不同的比例所得的混合试样进行燃烧特性分析,结果表明,在煤中加入生物质后,燃烧明显分成两个阶段,着火提前,同时可以获得更好的燃尽特性,生物质和煤混合后,发热量增加,提高了生物质的利用价值。此外,通过热重（TG）,差式扫描量热（DSC）曲线的深入分析,对上述几种试样的有关燃烧动力学参数进行了研究。     

煤富氧燃烧对节能与环境的影响分析

分析了煤富氧燃烧的节能效果及对环境的影响,煤富氧燃烧可显著减少助燃空气量、烟气生成量,显著节约能源,且有利于减少和控制SO2、CO2的排放,但会明显增加NOx的排放。     

生物质和煤混合燃烧实验

生物质与煤混合燃烧是一种综合利用生物质能和煤炭资源并同时降低污染排放的新型燃烧方式。本文在STA409C型热综合分析仪上对一种煤样和两种生物质样以及它们不同的比例所得的混俣试样进行燃烧特性分析。结果表明,在煤中加入生物质后,着火燃烧提前,同时可以获得更好的燃尽特性。生物质和煤混合后,发热量增加,提高了生物质的利用价值。     

生物质秸秆与煤混合的焦炭燃烧特性研究

利用热重分析仪制取了生物质秸秆与煤不同混合比时的焦炭,并对焦炭的燃烧特性进行了研究。结果表明,掺入生物质促进了煤的焦炭的燃烧,但混合物焦炭的燃烧速率与生物质掺混比呈非线性关系。分析产生上述现象的原因主要是生物质焦炭和煤焦炭燃烧速率的差异和它们夺氧能力差异共同作用的结果。     

混煤燃烧特性的试验研究及燃烧特性指数的确定

采用热天平、沉降炉和一维燃烧炉对混煤的燃烧特性进行了测定。根据热重分析试验结果。初步提出了混煤的挥发分释放特性指数P及燃尽指数C_b这两个集合判别指标。运用两指标进行判别与实际的燃烧过程基本吻合。     

生物质与煤共燃的燃烧特性研究

采用热重分析法，对5种生物质与煤以相同比例掺混后在不同升温速率下进行了共燃试验。研究表明，生物质的加入改善了煤的燃烧性能，且随升温速率的升高，着火温度乃呈下降趋势；各试样的挥发分最大释放速率、固定炭最大燃烧速率、燃尽温度均呈增加趋势，它们的燃烧特性均随升温速率的升高而变好。     

生物质与煤混燃的燃烧特性实验研究

利用热重分析仪研究了冷压成型生物质麦秆与煤混燃的燃烧特性,实验中生物质质量掺混比分别取0%、10%、50%、90%、100%。实验结果表明,掺入生物质有助于改善煤的燃烧特性;随生物质质量掺混比的增加,燃料的着火温度和燃尽温度降低,可燃烧性指数、燃尽特性指数、综合燃烧特性指数提高。     

秸秆类生物质燃烧动力学特性实验研究

生物质能的利用越来越受到重视。直接燃烧技术由于其操作简单、取材方便、成本适宜等特点是一种符合我国国情的生物质能利用方式。采用热重分析的研究方法,对水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆和玉米芯三种秸秆类生物质的燃烧动力学特性进行了实验,研究了不同升温速率、氧浓度对不同种类的秸秆生物质燃料燃烧动力学特性的影响,并对着火温度、燃烧稳定性、挥发分析出特性、燃烧特性指数等相关特性参数进行定量分析,为设计秸秆工业锅炉燃烧设备,合理选择生物质种类、优化燃烧、提高锅炉效率提供了理论支撑。     

生物质与煤掺烧燃烧特性的实验研究

利用热重分析仪,在不同条件下,对单一生物质、煤及其混合物的燃烧特性进行分析,研究了木屑、稻壳、稻草及耒阳白沙煤的着火温度、燃烧最大速率温度和燃烬温度等燃烧特性参数。实验结果表明,生物质的着火温度比白沙煤低,生物质在燃烧过程中有两个明显的失重阶段,而煤只有一个明显的失重阶段。通过掺烧可以使生物质与煤的混合物着火温度降低,着火时间缩短,延长了整个燃烧的温度区间,使煤能更好地燃尽,使燃料的燃烧特性得到了优化。随着生物质掺混比例的提高,掺混样品着火点温度降低得更加明显;且生物质颗粒尺寸由R90变为R200时,同样的掺混比例下,尺寸R200的掺混样品着火温度更低。     

The effect of wood biomass blending with pulverized coal on combustion characteristics under oxy-fuel condition

In this study, combustion from the co-firing of coal and wood biomass, and thermal characteristics such as ignition temperature, burn-out temperature, and activation energy were discussed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). We investigated the effects of biomass blending with two kinds of pulverized coal (bituminous Shenhua, and sub-bituminous Adaro) under air and oxy-fuel conditions. The coal fraction in the blended samples was set to 1, 0.8, and 0.5. The oxygen fraction in the oxidant was set to 0.21, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8. The ignition temperature was governed by the fuel composition, particularly in the blended biomass which has a much higher content of volatile matter comparing to coal. However, the burnout temperature, which shows a strong relationship with char combustion, depended on the oxidant ingredients rather than on the fuel components. Thermal characteristics such as ignition, burnout temperature, reaction region, and heat flow were very similar between air and a 0.3 oxygen concentration under oxy-fuel conditions with Shenhua coal.     

Oxy-fuel combustion of coal and biomass, the effect on radiative and convective heat transfer and burnout

This paper focuses on results of co-firing coal and biomass under oxy-fuel combustion conditions on the RWEn 0.5 MWt Combustion Test Facility (CTF). Results are presented of radiative and convective heat transfer and burnout measurements. Two coals were fired: a South African coal and a Russian Coal under air and oxy-fuel firing conditions. The two coals were also co-fired with Shea Meal at a co-firing mass fraction of 20%. Shea Meal was also co-fired at a mass fraction of 40% and sawdust at 20% with the Russian Coal. An IFRF Aerodynamically Air Staged Burner (AASB) was used. The thermal input was maintained at 0.5 MWt for all conditions studied. The test matrix comprised of varying the Recycle Ratio (RR) between 65% and 75% and furnace exit O₂ was maintained at 3%. Carbon-in-ash samples for burnout determination were also taken.Results show that the highest peak radiative heat flux and highest flame luminosity corresponded to the lowest recycle ratio. The effect of co-firing of biomass resulted in lower radiative heat fluxes for corresponding recycle ratios. Furthermore, the highest levels of radiative heat flux corresponded to the lowest convective heat flux. Results are compared to air firing and the air equivalent radiative and convective heat fluxes are fuel type dependent. Reasons for these differences are discussed in the main text. Burnout improves with biomass co-firing under both air and oxy-fuel firing conditions and burnout is also seen to improve under oxy-fuel firing conditions compared to air.     

秸秆类生物质燃烧特性的研究

利用热重分析仪对江苏宿迁地区的玉米秆、稻秆和麦秆三种生物质的燃烧特性进行了分析，测定了生物质的灰熔点和灰组成，用XRD和TEM表征了生物质灰的物相结构和形貌。研究结果表明，三种生物质的燃烧规律基本一致，燃烧过程可分为四个阶段：干燥过程，热解过程，晶型转变过程和熔融过程；三种生物质中，玉米秆灰熔点最高。灰量最少且碱金属含量最低；生物质灰为形态各异的纳米颗粒。     

生物质粉体燃烧特性的研究

文章提出了一种生物质粉体燃烧模型,根据此模型设计了专用的燃烧炉.研究揭示了生物质粉体燃烧特性突出表现为体积特性,其次是粒径特性,同时温度场的分布验证了燃烧模型的合理性.当粉体粒径为0.177mm左右,每千克粉体燃料配送4m3风量时,燃烧效果与破碎成本最优化.而且风粉混合物可以像燃气一样输送、控制和燃烧.这种新的燃烧方式对提高生物质的燃烧效率、改善结渣现象有重大的意义,并为生物质能的利用开辟了一条新途径.     

生物质燃烧动力学特性实验研究

采用非等温热重分析法对农作物秸秆燃烧动力学特性进行了研究。提出了秸秆挥发分析出过程的特性参数,建立了反应动力学方程;测算了反映燃烧性能的燃烧特性指数和反映生物质秸秆燃烧放热特性的差热峰面积指标。结果表明：玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆的挥发分初析温度随升温速度的增加而降低,稻秆的挥发分初析温度随升温速度的增加而增加;3种样品的活化能随升温速度的增加而降低;差热峰面积、燃烧特性指数随升温速度的增加而增大。     

Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels

Oxy-fuel combustion is suggested as one of the possible, promising technologies for capturing CO₂ from power plants. The concept of oxy-fuel combustion is removal of nitrogen from the oxidizer to carry out the combustion process in oxygen and, in most concepts, recycled flue gas to lower the flame temperature. The flue gas produced thus consists primarily of carbon dioxide and water. Much research on the different aspects of an oxy-fuel power plant has been performed during the last decade. Focus has mainly been on retrofits of existing pulverized-coal-fired power plant units. Green-field plants which provide additional options for improvement of process economics are however likewise investigated. Of particular interest is the change of the combustion process induced by the exchange of carbon dioxide and water vapor for nitrogen as diluent. This paper reviews the published knowledge on the oxy-fuel process and focuses particularly on the combustion fundamentals, i.e. flame temperatures and heat transfer, ignition and burnout, emissions, and fly ash characteristics. Knowledge is currently available regarding both an entire oxy-fuel power plant and the combustion fundamentals. However, several questions remain unanswered and more research and pilot plant testing of heat transfer profiles, emission levels, the optimum oxygen excess and inlet oxygen concentration levels, high and low-temperature fire-side corrosion, ash quality, plant operability, and models to predict NO_x and SO₃ formation is required.