首例蛇中盐酸克伦特罗残留引起的食物中毒应急检测

目的 对广东省深圳市同一餐馆连续发生的两起食物中毒事件进行流行病学调查并现场取样进行实验室应急检测, 查找中毒原因。方法 样品碱化后用乙酸乙酯提取, 再用稀盐酸反萃取, 萃取的样液pH 调至5.2 后用SCX 固相萃取小柱净化, 分离所得的盐酸克伦特罗经双三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生后用GC/MS 联用仪测定, 电子轰击电离源(EI), 选择离子监测(SIM)模式检测辅以全扫描(SCAN)质谱图的NIST 谱库检索匹配确认, 美托 洛尔内标法定量。结果 在食物中毒现场采集的八步蛇肉、血、胆及病人尿液中均检出了盐酸克伦特罗, 浓度分别为1331、463、11200、4.3 μg/kg。后续采集的蛇样品中未再检出盐酸克伦特罗。结论 两起食物中毒是由于食用了含有盐酸克伦特罗的蛇所致, 这种因食用蛇中残留盐酸克伦特罗而引起食物中毒的事件, 在国内外尚属首例。     

单扫描极谱法测定猪肉中克伦特罗残留量

为研制一个适用于基层实验室测定猪肉中克伦特罗的极谱分析方法 ,将试样用 75 %乙醇和正己烷二种不同极性溶剂提取和纯化 ,用拟定的极谱分析方法进行定性和定量测定。在盐酸 -高锰酸钾 -草酸介质中 ,克伦特罗峰电位为 - 84 0mV(vs .SCE)。克伦特罗浓度在 0 5～ 4 0 μg/mL之间线性关系良好 ,相关系数r =0 9994 ,回归方程y =9 5 6 3x - 32 15。最低检出量为 1 2 μg。平均相对标准偏差 (RSD)为 7 7% (n =7) ,加标平均回收率为 85 2 %。该法准确、快速、简便、仪器价廉 ,适于基层实验室检测猪肉中克伦特罗残留量。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况及耐药性分析

为了解金黄色葡萄球菌对食品的污染情况 ,采集 6类 2 0 4件食品 ,进行金黄色葡萄球菌检测。采用GB 4 789— 1994食品卫生检验方法检测金黄色葡萄球菌 ,用minVIDAS全自动免疫分析仪测定肠毒素 ,用K B法进行药敏试验。在 2 0 4件食品中检出 4 4件金黄色葡萄球菌 ,总检出率2 1 5 6 % ,其中生奶的检出率最高 (39 39% ) ,生肉、水产品次之 (33 33% ) ,熟肉制品、乳制品检出率分别为 6 0 %和 5 0 % ,冰激凌中未检出金黄色葡萄球菌。 4 4株金黄色葡萄球菌有 2 7株产生肠毒素 ,占 6 1 36 %。在药敏试验中 4 4株金黄色葡萄球菌 10 0 %对苯唑西林耐药 ;93 18%对青霉素G耐药 ;86 4 0 %对阿莫西林耐药 ,对丁胺卡那、头孢三嗪、头孢唑啉、万古霉素敏感。金黄色葡萄球菌对奶、肉、水产品的污染比较严重 ,特别是产生肠毒素的菌株存在着引起食物中毒的可能性。     

食物中毒样品中克伦特罗检测方法的比较

为测定食物中毒样品中克伦特罗含量，分别用瘦肉精快速检测卡、高效液相色谱法、气-质联用法3种方法测定猪肺汤、猪肺中克伦特罗残留量。用速测卡检测猪肺汤、猪肺均呈阳性：液相法经光谱确认猪肺汤、猪肺均含克伦特罗，含量分别为0．65mg／kg、0．59mg／kg；气-质联用法确证猪肺汤、猪肺中均含有克伦特罗，含量分别为0．47mg／kg、0．23mg／kg。3种方法各有特点，可分别满足对食物中毒样品中克伦特罗检测的不同要求，同时也提示了今后在公共卫生应急事件理化检测中应加强检测方法的研究。     

广州市17起盐酸克伦特罗食物中毒分析及预防措施

为预防盐酸克伦特罗引起食物中毒，总结了广州市2001年发生的由盐酸克伦特罗引起的食物中毒。2001年共发生17起，中毒人数106人，是2001年广州市化学性食物中毒的首要致病因素（89．4％），17起食中毒中，只有一起发生在集体食堂，其余均在家庭，盐酸克伦特罗引起的食中毒发病率为98％，无死亡，总结结果显示应加强市场肉品的卫生管理。     

动物源性食品及生物材料中克伦特罗测定方法的研究进展

克伦特罗是一种非法的饲料药物添加剂，含有其残留的食品可引起食物中毒。为给我国检测食品中盐酸克伦特罗提供借鉴，从样品提取、净化、检测方法及其测定的发展趋势等方面综述了国内外献中动物性食品及生物材料中的克伦特罗残留测定方法。     

一起"瘦肉精"引起的急性化学性食物中毒的调查分析

20 0 1年 9月 17日下午 ,绍兴市某单位食堂发生一起集体食物中毒 ,在 190名就餐职工中 ,累计发病2 4例 ,罹患率达 12 6 3%。经过流行病学调查、取证以及采样检验 ,查明这是由于食堂供应的炒猪肝中含有盐酸克伦特罗 (俗称瘦肉精 ) [1] 物质引起的急性化学性食物中毒。调查处理结果报告如下。1　发病概况　 2 0 0 1年 9月 17日中午 ,绍兴市某单位职工食堂 ,共有 190名职工及家属在食堂用餐 ,当天午餐的菜共 4种 :炒猪肝、炒豆芽、蛋蒸肉、煎带鱼。中午 12点以后 ,开始有职工感觉头晕、心跳加快、手脚发抖症状 ,以后有同样症状的人陆续增多 ,…     

一起布坦坦沙门氏菌引起的食物中毒

2002年1月9日，一熟肉摊贩销售的猪肉引起10人食物中毒，潜伏期5～25h，主要症状为腹痛（10人），腹泻（8人），发热（8人），恶心（8人），从销售剩余食物和病人剩余食物及病人的大便中检出布坦坦沙门氏菌，病人（6人）发病初期血清布坦坦沙门氏菌抗体滴度均为1：20。发病2周后2人1：80，4人1：320和1人1：640。根据流行病学调查，临床诊断和实验室鉴定结果，依照WS/T13-1996《沙门氏菌食物中毒诊断标准及处理原则》，确定这是一起布坦坦沙门氏菌的食物中毒，这起食物中毒提示必须加强食品零售摊贩的卫生管理。     

科学解读“酸汤子”为什么会引发米酵菌酸中毒

正10月5日,黑龙江鸡东县一家9人在家中聚餐时疑似食物中毒,截至10月12日晚,已有8人死亡,1人还在ICU抢救。10月12日,黑龙江卫健委发布的最新消息证实,"鸡西食物中毒事件经流行病学调查和疾控中心采样检测后,在玉米面中检出高浓度米酵菌酸,同时在患者胃液中亦有检出,初步定性为由椰毒假单胞菌污染产生米酵菌酸引起的食物中毒事件。"     

饮料中异麦芽低聚糖的测定

为测定饮料中异麦芽低聚糖的含量 ,建立了使用 30 0mm× 4 6mm ,5 μmHypersil NH2 柱 ,乙腈 水 =78 2 2为流动相 ,内部温度为 4 0℃的示差检测器的高效液相色谱法。异麦芽糖和异麦芽三糖的回收率范围分别为 88 5 %～ 10 1 0 %、90 1%～ 10 2 0 % ,相对标准偏差 <5 %。异麦芽糖、异麦芽三糖、潘糖的最小检出量为 2、10、5 μg。该方法的试样前处理简单 ,检测灵敏度高 ,分析速度快、准确 ,适用于饮料中异麦芽低聚糖的测定     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the