激光冲击处理对曲轴疲劳强度的影响

利用激光冲击波对曲轴连杆轴颈圆角进行了强化处理,通过液压伺服疲劳试验研究激光冲击处理工艺对曲轴扭转疲劳强度的影响,利用X射线衍射法分析激光冲击处理后轴颈圆角处残余应力的分布规律,利用扫描电镜观察激光冲击处理表面微结构,分析激光冲击处理提高曲轴疲劳强度的微观机理。结果表明,激光冲击处理在曲轴圆角表面产生了残余压应力场,曲轴疲劳寿命显著提高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率大大降低;残余压应力场提高是激光冲击处理改善曲轴疲劳性能的主要机制。     

以ABAQUS为平台的激光冲击数值仿真

建立模拟激光冲击残余应力场的非线性弹塑性有限元模型.采用ABAQUS仿真软件实现激光冲击残余应力场仿真,根据显式分析得到材料内部应力,验证显式分析过程的正确性.分析单次和多次冲击下材料内部的残余应力场分布,分析结果与试验结果比较吻合.     

曲轴表面激光冲击强化的数值仿真

应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,分析了激光冲击强化对柴油机曲轴过渡圆角处的残余应力分布影响,比较模拟结果与试验值,得到的模拟结果与试验值基本吻合,证明了有限元模拟的方法及模拟前相关参数制定的正确性。通过ANSYS模拟,可优化激光冲击强化的相关参数,使曲轴过渡圆角处产生有利的残余应力场。     

激光冲击强化钛合金材料数值模拟

航空发动机叶片工作环境相对严苛,合理运用表面处理技术,能在不改变叶片材料的前提下,提高叶片的抗外物损伤与疲劳性能。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA和LS-PREPOST有限元软件开展激光冲击强化钛合金材料的数值仿真研究。通过残余应力分布和表面形貌变化的比较,分析激光冲击强化过程对钛合金材料的影响。结果表明：激光冲击强化处理可使外物损伤模型冲击处发生塑性应变,引入残余应力,达到强化目的。     

激光冲击TC4钛合金残余应力热松弛数值模拟研究

为了研究高温对激光冲击TC4钛合金残余应力的影响,采用PROCUDO200激光喷丸系统对TC4试样进行强化处理,采用XL-640型应力仪测量了保温550℃前后激光冲击TC4钛合金表层残余应力。采用ABAQUS软件,基于Johnson-Cook本构方程和双曲正弦Arrhenius-type方程,创建了可预测保温前后激光冲击TC4残余应力场的有限元模型。研究表明：在550℃下,随着保温时间的延长,表面残余压应力不断减小;当保温时间超过30 min后,表面残余压应力的减小幅度降低;保温60 min后,激光冲击TC4表面残余应力的测量值和模拟值基本一致,说明该有限元模型能准确预测残余应力热松弛规律,残余应力的热松弛可能与保温期间塑性变形层的热回复过程和动态再结晶有关。     

强化研磨微纳加工残余应力的数值模拟分析

为了探究强化研磨微纳加工中磨粒喷射速度和喷射角度对残余应力场分布的影响,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件进行数值模拟,建立了表面覆盖为100%的单颗粒磨粒撞击GCr15轴承钢靶材的模型。利用单一控制变量的方法对比了不同速度和不同角度下仿真模拟靶材表面残余应力的大小以及残余应力层深。研究结果表明,强化研磨微纳加工可以在靶材引入0.09~0.143 mm的残余应力层,最大残余压应力和表面残余压应力值具有一定的正相关性,在喷射角度为5π/12和喷射速度在60 m/s的组合工艺参数下,可以获得最大残余应力。     

喷丸三维残余应力场的有限元模拟

运用大型有限元计算软件ABAQUS建立了模拟喷丸残余应力场的三维有限元模型,预测了在相同喷丸强度下玻璃丸和钢丸两种类型弹丸喷射所产生的残余应力场。模拟过程中,分析了线性减缩积分单元的沙漏参数、材料的应变硬化率、喷丸覆盖率以及初始残余拉应力等因素对304不锈钢靶材残余应力分布的影响。从计算结果可以看出,钢丸喷丸产生的残余压应力层较深,但在高覆盖率时,玻璃喷丸产生的残余压应力的平均值比钢丸喷丸处理后产生的大。在有初始残余拉应力(250 Mpa)存在的情况下,两种类型的喷丸处理均能使304不锈钢靶材表面形成残余压应力层,这说明喷丸工艺可以提高奥氏体不锈钢焊接构件的抗应力腐蚀开裂能力。本研究成果为进一步探讨喷丸强化不锈钢焊接头抗应力腐蚀性能的机理奠定了基础。     

水射流喷丸强化残余应力场的有限元模拟

针对水射流的高湍动特性与受喷靶体材料复杂的弹塑性形变行为,提供一种水射流喷丸强化残余应力场的有限元分析方法.基于准静态压力分布和非线性轴对称面分布载荷,采用多线性各向同性强化的Mises率不相关弹塑性模型,应用Prandtl-Reuss塑性增量理论及增量初应力法,利用线性斜坡载荷加载制度,运用ANSYS有限元软件模拟不同压力作用下水射流喷丸在2A11铝合金材料表层产生的残余应力场,获得残余应力场的分布规律及残余应力沿层深和径向的变化规律,指出残余应力沿层深分为残余压应力区和残余拉应力区,沿径向分为第Ⅰ残余压应力区、残余拉应力区和第Ⅱ残余压应力区,得到表面残余压应力、表层最大残余压应力、残余压应力层深度随着喷丸压力的增加而增大.为验证有限元模拟的正确性,对喷丸表面残余压应力进行试验验证,结果表明,有限元法计算的表面残余压应力值与试验数据近似吻合.     

高温合金激光冲击强化数值模拟及其疲劳寿命预测

建立了激光冲击强化宏观有限元数值模型和细观参量演化数值模型,提出了激光冲击强化三维多尺度模拟方法,分析了激光冲击强化后Inconel 718高温合金残余应力、位错密度、晶粒尺寸的分布规律;考虑激光冲击强化所致残余应力和晶粒细化对疲劳寿命的影响,对Sines疲劳寿命准则进行修正,并进行了试验验证.结果表明:模拟得到试样表面光斑冲击范围内形成了不小于550 MPa的残余压应力,表层区域存在明显的位错增殖,局部晶粒尺寸可细化25％左右,模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合;采用修正Sines准则预测得到的疲劳寿命在3倍分散带内,说明该模型能够较好地预测激光冲击强化后Inconel 718高温合金的疲劳寿命.     

表面处理工艺对钛合金材料表面残余应力的影响

本文主要考察表面处理（喷丸、激光强化、光饰、化铣）工艺对钛合金材料试样表面残余应力变化的影响。结果表明,喷丸、激光强化、光饰工艺大大提高了钛合金材料的表面残余压应力;化铣技术削弱了表面残余压应力,但与试样化镜深度无关。     

Finite Element Modeling of the Technology of Multiple Laser Shock Processing of Materials Using the Eigenstrain Method

The laser shock processing (LSP) of material is an efficient modern technology of processing of metal materials, during which significant compressive residual stresses contributing to an increase in their strength and tribological and operational characteristics are generated in the subsurface area. The finite element modeling of the technology of multiple laser shock processing is carried out using the eigenstrain method. The level of the compressive residual stresses arising under LSP is determined. It is shown that the residual stresses on the surface of the VT-6 alloy grow from 510 to 830MPa with an increase in the number of pulses from 1 to 4, and the depth of the zone of the compressive residual stresses increases respectively from 1.26 mm after the first pulse to 1.60 mm after the fourth pulse.     

Wear and friction of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy treated by laser shock processing

Laser shock processing (LSP) is becoming an important surface treatment to induce a compressive residual stress field, which improves fatigue and fracture properties of components. In this work, we examine the effect of laser shock processing on the wear and friction behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Wear rate and friction coefficient evolution are investigated for different process parameters of LSP. Roll-on-flat tribometer is used with different loading conditions. Hardness and residual stresses are assessed as well. It is observed that wear rate decreases as pulse density increases; this is explained in light of residual stress distribution.     

Effects of simulation parameters on residual stresses for laser shock peening finite element analysis

By using finite element analysis, we proposed an applicable finite element method of laser shock peening (LSP) and discussed various parameters, such as solution time, stability limit, dynamic yield stress, peak pressure, pressure pulse duration, laser spot size, and multiple LSP. The effects of parameters related to the finite element simulation of the LSP process on the residual stresses of 35CD4 30HRC steel alloy are discussed. Parametric sensitivity analyses were performed to establish the optimum processing variables of the LSP process. In addition, we evaluated the effects of initial residual stress, such as welding-induced residual stress field.     

激光冲击强化对TC4钛合金单面修饰激光焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

对TC4钛合金单面修饰激光焊接接头进行激光冲击强化,对比强化前后焊接接头的疲劳寿命,在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察断口疲劳断裂特征,并从焊接接头的显微硬度、微观组织、残余应力分布等方面综合分析激光冲击强化对TC4钛合金单面修饰激光焊接接头的强化机理。试验结果表明：未强化和强化试样均在焊缝咬边处萌生疲劳裂纹,强化试样疲劳寿命是未强化试样疲劳寿命的3.77~9.15倍,强化试样焊缝咬边处马氏体细化,显微硬度提高,焊缝表面呈残余压应力分布,焊缝咬边处残余压应力达-564.37±9.85MPa。晶粒细化和高幅值残余压应力综合作用下抑制了焊缝咬边处疲劳裂纹的萌生,且增大了裂纹扩展阻力,从而提高了焊接接头疲劳性能。     

FEM of residual stress and surface displacement of a single shot in high repetition laser shock peening on biodegradable magnesium implant

Laser shock peening (LSP) is one of the prominent surface processing techniques to improve the mechanical characteristics by inducing compressive residual stress on the specimen surface. Generally, LSP is performed using high energy, low repetition pulsed laser. Recently, High repetition laser shock peening (HRLSP) on biodegradable magnesium alloys has been reported. Increased speed and reduced operating costs are the key highlights of HRLSP. This work is aimed towards understanding of the residual stress profile beneath the specimen surface, where a Finite element method (FEM) has been proposed to show the ability of a tightly focussed nanosecond laser pulse for peening magnesium. The depth of maximum compressive residual stress of 48 MPa at 28 mm beneath surface was the result of the simulation. Also the Von Misses stress was analytically found to be 31.5 MPa, which is similar to the value from FEM at 30 MPa. Furthermore, the plastic displacement of FEM at 4.02 µm compares reasonably well with the experimental result at 3.698 µm, thereby validating the Finite element model. If increase in CRS can be created by single shot of laser pulse, it can be concluded that the same can be done beneath the entire magnesium surface using appropriate scanning protocols.

     

Effect of input variability on the quality of laser shock processing

Laser shock processing (LSP) involves high-energy laser radiation combined with suitable overlays to generate high-pressure pulses on the surface of the metal. The stress wave generated due to high pressure pulses propagates into the material causing the surface layer to yield and plastically deform, and thereby, develop a significant residual compressive stress in the surface region of the substrate material. The developed compressive stress field is beneficial to improve surface properties such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion. To improve the understanding of the shock hardening process, investigation into the physical processes involved is necessary. In the first part of this paper, the temporal variation in the pressure intensity and spot size is calculated by using a two-dimensional recoil pressure prediction model. Using an explicit non-linear FEA code, ANSYS LS-DYNA, the deformation behavior and residual stresses in the substrate material are predicted. In the second part, a probabilistic approach to the modeling and analysis of LSP is presented in this paper. Various factors that affect the probabilistic performance of the LSP are grouped into categories and a select number of factors known to be significant, for which the variability could be assessed, are modeled as random variables (such as recoil pressure, laser beam spot size, substrate material properties and others). The potential of the probabilistic approach in predicting the structural integrity of the laser-shocked components is addressed.     

Two-sided laser shock processing

The principles of two-sided laser shock processing (LSP) are considered. The differences between two-sided and one-sided laser shock processing are noted. For the example of a thin VT-6 titanium-alloy plate, finite-element modeling is used to investigate the residual stress field when using two-sided LSP. The distribution of surface microhardness is analyzed.     

钛合金激光冲击强化层的残余应力及显微组织

对TC6钛合金进行了激光冲击强化(LSP),对强化层的残余应力分布进行了测试,应用透射电子显微镜对强化层的显微组织进行了观察。结果表明:TC6钛合金LSP的最佳功率密度为4GW.cm-2,LSP能在材料表层产生高的残余压应力场,表面残余压应力可达530.4 MPa;LSP可在钛合金表层产生高密度位错和纳米晶,纳米晶尺寸在10～100nm。     

Effects on mechanical properties in electron beam welding of TC4 alloy by laser shock processing

The surface of TC4 titanium alloy welding line by electron beam welding (EBW) was processed by high power Q-switched and repetition-rate Nd: glass laser. Effects of laser power and spot diameter on residual stress and microhardness of the TC4 alloy welding line by laser shock processing (LSP) have been analyzed. Results show that residual stresses almost do not change as laser power is 45.9 J, spot diameter is ϕ9 mm; While laser power is 45.9 J, spot diameter less than ϕ3 mm, the distribution of residual stress in welding line occurs obvious variation, which residual stress increase obviously with spot diameter decrease. When power density is bigger than 1.8 × 10¹⁰ W/cm², residual stresses of electron beam welding line occur change by LSP, which improve obviously residual stress distribution; while laser power is bigger than 1.2 × 10¹⁰ W/cm², the surface micro-hardness of electron beam welding line occurs change by LSP, which improve obviously micro-hardness distribution. Mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy welding line will be improved by LSP, which provides experimental foundation for further controlling the distributions of residual stress and micro-hardness during laser shock processing. __________ Translated from Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science), 2006, 27(3): 207–210 [译自: 江苏大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

GH742合金激光冲击强化后的表面残余应力

采用X射线衍射法对GH742合金激光冲击强化后的表面残余应力进行了测试,采用云纹干涉结合盲孔法对残余应力随深度的分布进行了测试。结果表明:GH742合金经激光单点冲击后,表面残余压应力最高可达1 180MPa,且残余压应力层深度达到1.2mm;50%光斑搭接率强化后的表面残余压应力约为1 100MPa。