A TALE OF TWO CITIES: CIVIC CULTURE AND PUBLIC POLICY IN MIAMI

ABSTRACT: In this article, I analyze civic culture in Miami and demonstrate the ways in which this civic culture shapes policy making in two different areas: economic development and public safety. I argue that racial, ethnic, and economic divisions shape conflict in both policy areas, although the divisions play out in different ways in each. At the same time, an elite‐dominated power system and a reactive and fragmented decision‐making system mean that policy outcomes generally reflect the preferences of economic interests in the city, even as demographic shifts have altered the composition of the local elite and the economic health of the city has improved significantly.     

City Spending on Economic Development Versus Affordable Housing: Does Inter‐City Competition or Local Politics Drive Decisions?

Public choice theory predicts that interjurisdictional competition and the need for a strong tax base severely limit local policy making. City decision makers must pursue developmental or economically advantageous policies such as economic development initiatives and avoid redistributive or fiscally harmful policies such as affordable housing programs. Many social scientists object to the deterministic argument of public choice theory and emphasize the importance of politics in the policy making process. Using regression analysis, I investigate the factors that influence cities to pursue a limited strategy as predicted by public choice theory versus a balanced or more progressive approach favoring affordable housing programs over economic development programs. The results show that inter‐city competition increases the likelihood cities will pursue a limited strategy versus a balanced or more progressive approach. However, political variables also influence local policy decisions. In fact, this analysis indicates that political factors are more important than inter‐city competition in explaining city policy choices.     

县域村镇体系规划中基层村选择的方法与应用——基于“城乡建设用地增减挂钩”政策下的研究

本文基于“城乡建设用地增减挂钩”政策下的城乡建设用地空间置换的视角,论述该政策对村庄迁并整合带来的契机。构建了耕作半径约束下的村庄耕地获得潜力与空间迁移成本的定量分析的县域村镇体系规划中基层村选择的方法,并以高密市阚家镇为例进行了应用。     

DESIGNING HOPE: RATIONALES OF MIXED‐INCOME HOUSING POLICY

Rationales used to legitimize forced dispersal and mixed‐income housing policies are socially constructed based on assumptions about concentrated poverty. This study evaluates qualitative data on public housing residents who were in the process of being dispersed as part of a HOPE VI program in order to examine their thoughts about their original home and neighborhood. Residents’ thoughts about their neighborhood are compared to policy rationales. Results indicate that current policy rationales are mostly in line with the goals and motivation of the city but are largely incongruent with the perceptions residents have of their pre‐relocation home and neighborhood. The article concludes with policy recommendations for increasing and incorporating residents’ views into policy design.     

汉代集市聚落演变考订

以对我国汉代曾存在过的集市聚落——聚的考订为主线,本文对汉代集市聚落的产生发展作了论述,阐明在漫长的演变发展中聚落是通过“集市行为场所”的介入开始发生量变,直至集市聚落形成从而完成质变的过程,并对集市聚落的历史演变规律进行了分析探讨。     

编制城市存量房价格指数的难点及相应对策

城市存量房价格指数是房地产价格指数中的一种，用来反映城市存量房价格的波动情况，预测价格的变动趋势，指导市民理性交易，并同时为政府部门制定相应政策提供依据，由于城市存量房交易情况错缩复杂，在指数编制过程中会遇到很多疑难问题。本文首先对典型区域的选择问题，基期的确定问题，样本资料的选取问题进行了细致的阐述，并提出了相应的解决对策。随后本文对区域性因素调整问题从定性和定量两个方面进行了重点分析，并建议使用德尔菲法确定影响程序，从而在定性分析的基础上得出区域性修正系数，在定量分析的基础上介绍了存量房价格指数的计算方法。     

Regions,City‐Regions,Identity and Institution Building: Contemporary Experiences of the Scalar Turn in Italy and England

Abstract In recent years, extensive academic effort has been devoted to interpreting the scalar turn in political and economic geography. This has involved considerable emphasis on the interrelationships across institutions at different spatial scales, stemming from the globalization of economic activity and associated regulatory structures, and the related rescaling of state economic functions to a variety of sub‐national institutional entities. This article attempts to augment this work by addressing recognized uncertainties about the dynamics of this process of rescaling, manifested through conflict over the precise configuration of sub‐national scalar boundaries. Through a comparison of recent experiences of regionalism in Italy and England, it considers the tensions implicit in the new regionalist territorial settlement, focusing on conflicts that have crystallized around contrasting efforts discursively to construct regional and city‐regional identities. In conclusion, the article revisits the validity and utility of contested conceptualizations of resurgent (city) regionalism and considers the possible trajectory of future change.     

Relationship between vegetation of the levee neo‐ecosystems and environmental heterogeneity in the Lower Delta of the Paraná River,Argentina

The relationship between environmental heterogeneity and the vegetation of the levee neo‐ecosystems in the Delta of the Paraná River was studied. These habitat types were considered plant communities of recent origin related to local productive activities. Vegetation coverage was evaluated in 97 plots of three different environmental units (A, B and C), using classification analysis, indirect and direct ordinations. The differential vegetation in different environmental units could be related to a greater fluvial influence of the Paraná River on unit A and a greater tidal influence of the de la Plata River on units B and C. The Lower Delta hydrological regimes only affect a few of edaphic variables particularly pH, organic matter percentage and clay content. To understand the spatial pattern of neo‐ecosystems vegetation, it is also necessary to consider the invasion of alien species that has been taking place for over 50 years.     

IDEOLOGICAL DEVELOPERS AND THE FORMATION OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: THE CASE OF INNER‐CITY PRESERVATION IN TEL AVIV

ABSTRACT: This article studies the role of ideological developers (IDs) in the formation and implementation of local development policy. The IDs are developers whose motivation is ideological as opposed to financial, and they initiate ideas rather than plans and projects. Based on a case study regarding inner‐city preservation, we claim that in Tel Aviv, IDs have much leverage on local decision making. The IDs are individuals with high personal capital, who focus on an issue that it is not championed by existing civil groups. As the IDs seek out influential routes to policy makers, they build circumstantial coalitions. Through these limited and conditional partnerships with administrators and other influential actors, the IDs apply pressure and advance their specific cause.     

Collaboration,equality and land‐use planning

This article examines the connection between ethnic‐religious segregation and land‐use policy. It questions the normative capacity of collaborative planning in societies where place is imbued with multiple political, social and ethnic meanings. Using research data from Belfast, it identifies a number of challenges to discursive practice, namely the understanding of ‘place’ and how it is constructed, the emotional qualities attached to territory and the way in which professionalized policy routines moderate participatory practice. The article goes on to argue that space is being reinterpreted via statutory equality, human rights and social needs legislation, which have placed further strain on planners and planning policy in the city. However, it concludes by emphasizing the potential of collaborative planning to animate equality and social inclusion and give direction to the profession and practice in areas long divided by poverty and ethnic division. For this to happen, collaborative practice needs to inform the plan‐making process from formulation to implementation and not be limited to fairly selective public consultation exercises.     

Utilising Mixed Methods Research to Inform Low-carbon Social Housing Performance Policy

There is an over reliance on cost-benefit analysis in the policy development and evaluation of sustainable housing outcomes. This paper presents both qualitative and quantitative analyses from a multi-year mixed methods evaluation of four new low-carbon social houses in regional Victoria, Australia. Through a cost-benefit lens the housing was not financially viable. Householder interviews highlighted positive social outcomes such as improved health. A narrow focus by housing performance policy makers on cost-benefit analysis results in important understandings about housing and householders being overlooked or undervalued; inclusion of multiple evaluation methods can help to reflect a more realistic sustainable housing future.     

Das städtische Mikroklima: Analyse für die Stadt‐ und Gebäudeplanung

In the face of global warming, human thermal comfort has become an increasing important aspect in applied urban planning. As the urban heat island is not a homogenous factor the microclimate conditions play an important role also for single buildings and the situation inside. For a better consideration of this aspect in the planning process, qualitative and especially quantitative assessment tools are required. To get a better knowledge about the quantitative dimension of urban climates investigations on thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces are carried out in selected city quarters in the city of Kassel in Germany. These studies consist of experimental investigations including field interviews about usage of urban open spaces and thermal sensation and numerical simulations on thermal comfort under recent as well as future regional climate conditions. The added‐value of the interdisciplinary research project is based on the correlation of findings from human‐biometeorology with the outcomes from sociologic questionnaires and building physics, which will be used to plan and design structures in a high spatial resolution. The thermal conditions outside continue inside the building, a combination of internal and external climate considerations must be made. The aim of a research at the University of Kassel is the examination and presentation of different microclimate and its influence on the thermal behavior of buildings.     

From Tenants to Homeowners: Housing Renters After Disaster in Bhuj,India

While renters comprise one-third of urban housing markets, the barriers to long-term housing needs of renters following a disaster are significant. This paper examines post-disaster urban housing policy for renter households following the 2001 Gujarat earthquake in India and its implications for the housing recovery of renters in Bhuj city, an urban area close to the epicenter of the earthquake. Employing a qualitative case study method, the study finds that urban housing policy for renter households was defined by an ad hoc approach with multiple shifts over a period of 4 years. The improvised policy eventually lead to the creation of a publicly funded homeownership program that could rehouse less than one-third of impacted renters, whereas issues of equity, land tenure, lack of affordable units, and uncertainty of recovery for the poorest renters in the city remained.     

EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GLOBALIZATIONS: EXPLICATING THE LOW CONNECTIVITY PUZZLE OF U.S. CITIES USING A CITY‐DYAD ANALYSIS

This article reports an experiment in world city network analysis focusing on city‐dyads. Results are derived from an unusual principal components analysis of 27,966 city‐dyads across 5 advanced producer service sectors. A 2‐component solution is found that identifies different forms of globalization: extensive and intensive. The latter is characterized by very high component scores and describes the more important city‐dyads focused upon London‐New York (NYLON). The extensive globalization component heavily features London and New York but with each linked to less important cities. U.S. cities score relatively high on the intensive globalization component and we use this finding to explain the low connectivities of U.S. cities in previous studies of the world city network. The two components are tentatively interpreted in world‐systems terms: intensive globalization is the process of core‐making through city‐dyads; extensive globalization is the process of linking core with non‐core through city‐dyads.     

MORAL INTUITIONS AND SMART GROWTH: WHY DO LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES VIEW COMPACT DEVELOPMENT SO DIFFERENTLY?

Political liberals are significantly more supportive than conservatives of walkable, mixed‐use neighborhoods, transit‐oriented development, and other aspects of the “compact city,” not just in their views about government policy toward metropolitan development but also in their consumption preferences regarding neighborhoods. I argue that social psychologists’ theory of moral intuitionism helps account for these differences. In this view, liberals and conservatives emphasize different sets of affective, emotion‐laden moral impulses—such as those involving fairness, purity, or ingroup loyalty—predisposing them toward particular reactions to compact development. Political ideologies also are associated with different personality traits that are relevant to opinions on the built environment. To explore the intuitionist hypothesis, I review qualitative accounts that suggest an association between certain moral worldviews and attitudes toward development patterns. I then conduct multivariate analysis of a public opinion survey that contained questions relevant to moral foundations and to views on compact development.     

DIVERSE IMAGERIES OF GENTRIFICATION: EVIDENCE FROM NEWSPAPER COVERAGE IN SEVEN U.S. CITIES, 1986–2006

ABSTRACT: This study indicates that newspaper coverage of gentrification is far more diverse than the gentrification literature predicts. Our analysis of 4,445 articles published between 1986 and 2006 in nine papers in seven U.S. cities with a population of one million or greater suggests that newspaper frames of gentrification range from those that are wholly supportive of gentrification to those that are strictly critical. Papers also regularly publish accounts of gentrification that reference both its perceived “costs” and “benefits.” We find that coverage changes over time and that newspaper frames vary in relation to depictions of place characteristics, gentrifiers, and long‐timers. As a result, this paper addresses questions in the gentrification literature about the content and tone of representations of gentrification, speaks to urban studies scholarship on culture's role in urban change processes, and reveals the mutability of the meaning and use of the term “gentrification.” Finally, it serves as a call for further studies of representations of gentrification, as well as future analyses of their influence.     

地方孔庙的普及与覆盖：宋·辽·金·元

宋至元时期是中国古代孔庙大发展的重要阶段。本文通过统计的方法进行各项数据整理（尤其是GIS技术的运用）,将定性的分析、判断、总结与定量的归纳、解析、模拟相结合,揭示了该时段地方孔庙的普及与覆盖的动态过程。     

(Un)related variety and employment growth at the sub‐regional level

Empirical results on the link between growth and diversity in (un)related industries proved to be highly dependent on the specific regional, temporal and econometric context. Using highly disaggregated employment data at the sub‐regional level, we find that higher employment growth in Austria is mainly linked to unrelated variety. However, in‐depth analyses by sectors and regional regimes illustrate substantial heterogeneity in the results, with services and a large number of relatively small non‐urban regions driving the overall results. Thus, our findings argue against structural policy conclusions based on assessments neglecting the specific sectoral and regional context.     

清华大学理学院北院院落环境行为调查

该文主要是通过定量的,定性的统计和分析,借助Matlab软件,对清华大学理学院北院院落的空间组织,建筑元素的意义等与环境行为进行了一些调查研究,描述了调研的过程,并得出一些结果,体会等。