The Use of Lipid-Based Formulations to Increase the Oral Bioavailability of Panax Notoginseng Saponins Following a Single Oral Gavage to Rats

Purpose: This article was intended to improve the absorption of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Methods: PNS-Phospholipid complex and a lipid-based formulation by dissolving the complex in the medium chain fattyglycerides were prepared, and their oral relative bioavailability was determined in rats and compared with an aqueous solution of PNS for each component. Results: The study gave evidence that the phospholipids could combine with the two active constitutes of PNS and form a PNS-phospholipid complex. The complex efficiently increased the solubility of hydrophilic ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in some selected hydrophobic esters, such as fatty glycerides, and constructed the lipid-based formulations of PNS. The experimental result in rats in vivo showed that the oral relative bioavailability was enhanced remarkably by these lipid-based formulations composed of the PNS-Phospholipid complex and various esters. The absorption enhancement of the medium-chain glyceride (Labrafac cc and Capmul MCM (3:1)) was somewhat greater than that of other fatty glyceride. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 of the PNS-complex in the medium-chain glyceride were 27.38 μg.mL-1.h and 600.08 μg.mL-1.h, compared with 2.52 μg.mL-1.h and 92.29 μg.mL-1.h of the PNS aqueous solution, respectively. Conclusions: The oral relative bioavailability of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 of PNS was enhanced remarkably by the lipid-based formulations. These findings reveal a new strategy to increase oral bioavailability by lipophilicity enhancement for some highly water-soluble but poorly absorbed drugs.     

Pharmacokinetics and efficiency of brain targeting of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 given as Nao-Qing microemulsion

Nao-Qing solution has been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to improve the pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of Nao-Qing, administered as an oil-in-water microemulsion. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were given Nao-Qing microemulsion by intranasal or intragastric routes. Samples of blood, brain, heart, liver, lung and kidney were collected at pre-determined time intervals, and the contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 (active ingredients of the Nao-Qing microemulsion) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 in Nao-Qing microemulsion was 8475.13?±?54.61?μg/ml and 6633.42?±?527.27?μg/ml, respectively, and that the particle size, pH and viscosity of the microemulsion were 19.9?±?5.07?nm, 6.1 and 3.056?×?10^?3?Pas, respectively. Absorption of ginsenoside Rg1 was higher than that of ginsenoside Rb1, which was barely detectable after intragastric administration; furthermore, the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 in blood and other tissues at each time point was lower for intragastric than for intranasal administration. Compared with intragastric administration, intranasal administration resulted in a shorter t_max (0.08 versus 1?h), a higher C_max (16.65 versus 11.29?μg/ml), and a higher area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) (592.91 versus 101.70?μg?h/ml) in the brain. The relative rates of uptake (R_e) and the ratio of peak concentration (C_e) in the brain were 126.31% and 147.48% for ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. These data illustrate that intranasal administration can promote the absorption of drugs in Nao-Qing microemulsion and achieve fast effect.     

西洋参中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1基体标准物质的研制

建立高效液相色谱法和高效毛细管电泳法,对研制的西洋参基体标准物质中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁含量进行准确定值,同时考察了样品的均匀性、稳定性和样品的最小取样量,最后对标准物质的不确定度进行了评定。评定结果为人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁含量分别为（1.72±0.14）mg/g、（15.3±1.5）mg/g、（25.8±2.8）mg/g,相对扩展不确定度分别为8.4％、10％、11％,可为西洋参的质量控制提供依据。     

Selection of oral bioavailability enhancing formulations during drug discovery

The objective of this paper was to identify oral bioavailability enhancing approaches for a poorly water-soluble research compound during drug discovery stages using minimal amounts of material. LCQ789 is a pBCS (preclinical BCS) Class II compound with extremely low aqueous solubility (<1 μg/mL) and high permeability, therefore, resulting in very low oral bioavailability in preclinical species (rats and dogs). A number of solubility and/or dissolution enhancing approaches including particle size reduction, solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations and co-crystals, were considered in order to improve the compound's oral bioavailability. High-Throughput Screening (HTS) and in silico modeling (GastroPlus?) were utilized to minimize the compound consumption in early discovery stages. In vivo evaluation of selected physical form and formulation strategies was performed in rats and dogs. Amongst the formulation strategies, optimized solid dispersion and lipid-based formulation provided significant improvement in drug dissolution rate and hence, oral bioavailability. In addition, a significant impact of physical form on oral bioavailability of LCQ789 was observed. In conclusion, a thorough understanding of not only the formulation technique but also the physical form of research compounds is critical to ensure physical stability, successful pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling and early developability risk assessment.     

一测多评法测定参附注射液中6种人参皂苷的含量

建立一测多评法同时测定参附注射液中6种人参皂苷的含量。采用HPLC法,以人参皂苷Rg1作内参物,计算人参皂苷Re、Rf、Rb1、Rc、Rd的相对校正因子。利用相对校正因子,计算参附注射液中各成分的含量。比较一测多评法与外标法测定结果的差异,验证一测多评法的适用性。人参皂苷Re、Rf、Rb1、Rc、Rd相对校正因子重现性良好,一测多评方法与外标法测定结果无显著差异。该方法可以作为一种方便、快捷、准确的质量评价方法用于参附注射液中6种人参皂苷类成分的含量测定。     

Optimum thickness of carbon stripper foils in tandem accelerator in view of transmission and lifetime

Optimum thickness of charge stripper foils installed at the terminal of a tandem accelerator has been investigated from the view of (1) charge stripping effect, (2) transmission of ions through accelerator, (3) lifetime of foils for the irradiation of ions. For this purpose, measurements have been done for (a) transmission of H, Li, O, Br and Au ions, passing through 12 UD Pelletron tandem accelerator for carbon stripper foils of 1.8–19.5 μg/cm² thickness, at terminal voltages of 5 and 10 MV, and (b) lifetime of 2–15 μg/cm² thick Tanashi foils developed by Sugai by irradiating Au ions at the terminal voltage of 10 MV. The results obtained are as follows: (a) From the view of above items (1) and (2), the optimum thickness of foils is 10 μg/cm² for ions of Z=1, several μg/cm² for Z=8, and less than a few μg/cm² for heavier ions. (b) From the view of item (3), the lifetime of Tanashi foils by means of new arc-discharge method is demonstrated to be much longer than that of commercial foils for foils thicker than about 5 μg/cm² thick. This superiority rapidly decreases with decreasing foil thickness, and at around 2 μg/cm², the lifetime of Tanashi foils is at the most 2.4 times longer than that of commercial foils.     

Investigation of nanostructured lipid carriers for transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen

The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for transdermal delivery of Flurbiprofen (FP). The physical stability of FP-NLC and its in vitro permeation profile were investigated. After three months of storage at 4°C, 20°C, and 40°C, no significant differences between the evaluated parameters, such as pH value, the entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential were observed. In in vitro permeation studies, the cumulative permeated amounts and the release rate from FP-NLC were 412.53 ± 21.37 μg/cm² and 35.25 μg/cm²/h after 12 h (n = 6), respectively, while from saturated FP-PBS (pH = 7.4) were 90.83 ± 8.67 μg/cm² and 6.99 μg/cm²/h, respectively. These results indicated that the FP-NLC were with good physical stability and were able to improve the permeated amounts and the release rate of FP. It could potentially be exploited as a carrier with improved drug entrapment efficiency and permeated amount in the transdermal delivery of FP.     

Assessing the antifungal activity of a new oral lipid-based amphotericin B formulation following administration to rats infected with Aspergillus fumigatus

The purpose of this study was to assess the antifungal activity of a new oral amphotericin B (AmpB) lipid-based formulation following administration to rats infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus fumigatus inoculum (2.1-2.5 × 10⁷ colony forming units [CFU]) were injected via the jugular vein; 48h later male albino Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) were administered either a single oral dose of AmpB incorporated into Peceol (50 mg AmpB/kg), physiologic saline (nontreated controls) or Peceol alone (vehicle control) once daily for 4 days. To assess antifungal activity Brain, Lung, Heart, Liver, Spleen and Kidney sections were homogenized with normal saline (1 mL/g of tissue) and a 0.1-mL aliquot was spread plated onto a Sabourand dextrose agar plate. The plates were incubated for 48 hr at 37°C, at which time the number of fungal CFU were determined and corrected for tissue weight. In addition, plasma galactomannan antigen concentrations were determined. Data was reported as mean ± standard error of the mean. The AmpB-Peceol oral formulation significantly decreased total fungal CFU concentrations recovered in all the organs added together, brain CFU concentrations, spleen CFU concentrations and plasma galactomannan antigen concentrations compared to baseline. No significant differences in lung, heart, liver and kidney CFU concentrations between treatment and control groups were observed. Peceol vehicle control did not exhibit any antifungal activity. These findings suggest that a new oral lipid-based formulation of AmpB incorporated into Peceol can significantly decrease brain and spleen CFU concentrations and plasma galactomannan antigen concentrations compared to non-treated controls.     

Pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution, and excretion of puerarin and puerarin-phospholipid complex in rats

Puerarin is a potential therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases. But its poor oral bioavailability restricts its clinical application. In present study, as an evaluation of a formulation to improve the bioavailability of the drug, puerarin and its phospholipid complex were given to rats by intragastrically (i.g.) administration to compare pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution, and excretion. Serum samples were obtained at designated times after a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg puerarin or its complex. Tissue samples (heart, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and brain), urine, and feces were collected and analyzed by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after i.g. administration of puerarin or its phospholipid complex. Compartmental and non-compartmental analyses were applied to the serum concentration versus time data. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the 3P97 pharmacokinetic software package. An open two-compartment, first-order model was selected for pharmacokinetic modeling. The results showed that after i.g. administration of 400 mg/kg puerarin and its phospholipid complex (equivalent to 400 mg/kg of puerarin), the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations were different. The serum concentrations reached peaks at 0.894 ± 0.521 h and 0.435 ± 0.261 h, respectively, indicating the complex was more readily absorbed in serum than puerarin. The maximum concentrations for puerarin and its complex were 1.367 ± 0.586 mg·L^-1 and 2.202 ± 1.28 mg·L^-1 and AUC were 5.779 ± 1.662 mg·h. L^-1 and 8.456 ± 0.44 mg·h L^-1, respectively, indicating a higher bioavailability for the complex. The widely distribution characteristics of puerarin and its complex in tissues post-i.g. administration was identical and in a descending order as follows: lung, kidney, liver, heart, spleen, and brain. However, the amount was different. Puerarin distribution was higher in heart, lung, and brain after administering the complex. The cumulative 72 h urinary excretion of puerarin after i.g. administration of puerarin and its complex accounted for 1.05%, 1.11% of the administered dose, respectively. The cumulative feces excretion of puerarin was 32.3% and 25.5%. To sum up, oral administration of puerarin phospholipid complex modified the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of puerarin and it could be an effective oral formulation for puerarin.     

Enhanced oral bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug PNU-91325 by supersaturatable formulations

Supersaturatable cosolvent (S-cosolvent) and supersaturatable self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SEDDS) are designed to incorporate water soluble cellulosic polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which may inhibit or retard drug precipitation in vivo. A poorly soluble drug, PNU-91325, was used as a model drug in this study to illustrate this formulation approach. The comparative in vitro studies indicated that the presence of a small amount HPMC in the formulation was critical to achieve a stabilized supersaturated state of PNU-91325 upon mixing with water. An in vivo study was conducted in dogs for assessment of the oral bioavailability of four formulations of PNU-91325. A five-fold higher bioavailability (∼ 60%) was observed from a S-cosolvent formulation containing propylene glycol (PG) + 20 mg/g HPMC as compared to that (∼ 12%) of a neat polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 formulation. The low bioavailability of the PEG 400 formulation is attributed to the uncontrolled precipitation of PNU-91325 upon dosing, a commonly observed phenomenon with the cosolvent approach. A S-SEDDS formulation composed of 30% w/w Cremophor (surfactant), 9% PEG 400, 5% DMA, 18% Pluronic L44, 20% HPMC, and other minor components showed an oral bioavailability of ∼ 76%, comparable to that of a neat tween formulation (bioavailability: ∼ 68%). The significant improvement of the oral bioavailability of the supersaturatable S-cosolvent and S-SEDDS formulations is attributed to a high free drug concentration in vivo as a result of the generation and stabilization of the supersaturated state due to the incorporation of polymeric precipitation inhibitor.     

活性氧化铝催化剂载体的光固化浆料制备与成型

为制备具有高效化学催化反应和复杂精细结构的活性氧化铝催化剂载体, 制备出低粘度、高均匀性和高固相含量的光固化浆料, 通过粒度分析和流变测试等手段, 研究树脂配比和偶联剂改性剂改性活性氧化铝表面对粉末粒度分布和浆料的稳定性、均匀性和流变性的影响。当w(HEA) : w(HDDA) : w(TMPTA) : w(modified-EA)=1.5 : 1.0 : 2.5 : 5.0时, 预混液在剪切速率为1 s^-1时的粘度仅为0.35 Pa·s; 粉末改性后KH560高分子链附着在活性氧化铝表面, 使得活性氧化铝由亲水性改性为疏水性, 提高浆料的均匀性和稳定性, 并使粉末之间产生空间位阻, 降低粉末团聚, 其平均直径从4.43 μm降低至3.89 μm; 采用浸润混合法制备固相含量为52%(质量分数)的浆料并成功打印。脱脂烧结后的活性氧化铝样品保持了复杂异形薄壁结构, 其开孔率和密度分别为51.3%和1.93 g/cm³。     

凝胶陈化对ZrB2粉末制备的影响

以正丙醇锆、硼酸、醋酸和D-果糖为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法, 结合高温碳热还原反应制备得到了长柱状单相ZrB₂粉末。反应体系中, D-果糖不仅提供碳热还原反应的碳源, 同时作为化学修饰剂, 起到抑制正丙醇锆快速水解的作用。通过对比未陈化和陈化的凝胶制备得到的产物, 探讨了陈化过程对于ZrB₂粉末制备的影响。结果表明, 凝胶陈化有利于ZrO₂向ZrB₂的完全转化。当起始原料满足n(B)/n(Zr) = 3.5~4, n(C)/n(Zr)= 7时, 采用室温陈化7 d的凝胶在1550℃保温2 h可获得长度为4~7 μm, 横截面等效直径约为1 μm, 长径比约为4~7, 比表面积为2.53 m²/g, D₅₀ = 6.46 μm的单相长柱状ZrB₂粉末。     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of amphotericin B following oral administration of three lipid-based formulations to rats

The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of amphotericin B (AmB) in rats following oral administration of three lipid-based formulations (iCo-009, iCo-010 and iCo-011). The lipid-based formulations were administered to rats at a dose of 10?mg/kg and blood samples were withdrawn at predose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72?h, after which the animals were sacrificed and the body organs were collected for AmB quantification using a validated HPLC method. Plasma pharmacokinetics parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis. The disappearance of AmB from plasma was the slowest following the administration of iCo-010 with MRT of 63?h followed by iCo-009 then iCo-011 (36 and 27?h). The AUC_0-24h of iCo-009 and iCo-010 was 1.5–2-fold higher than that of iCo-011. The kidney exposure was comparable between iCo-009 and iCo-010 and was higher than that of iCo-011. The lung exposure was the highest following iCo-010 administration as compared to that of iCo-009. The distribution of AmB from plasma to tissues resulted in a high accumulation of AmB overtime with slow back-distribution to plasma. The pharmacokinetics profiles varied among the three formulations, despite the similarity in lipid composition between iCo-010 and iCo-011 and the presence of Peceol® as a common component in the formulations. The administration of oral iCo-010 could lead to higher steady state concentrations in the tissues after multiple dosing, which could lead to enhanced eradication of tissue borne fungal and parasitic infections.     

The effect of clove oil on the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen in the rabbit by in vitro and in vivo methods

The study was designed to evaluate skin permeation enhancement effect of essential oils from Eugenia caryophyllata (clove oil) in rabbits and to compare the in vitro absorption and in vivo permeation using ibuprofen as a model drug. The in vitro results indicated a significant permeation enhancement effect of the clove oil. The group with 1% oil appeared to the flux (239 μg/cm²/hr), and 3% oil was 293 μg/cm²/hr to some extent similar with 2% azone group (327 μg/cm²/hr). The enhancement ratio of clove oil was 7.3. In vivo results also demonstrated that clove oil showed a significant permeation enhancement effect, but the enhancement of clove oil was relatively weak than in vitro. The group with 3% oil exhibited the higher value of area under the curve (AUC) of 80.8 μg/mL·hr, which was 2.4 times the high of control. The AUC value of 3% oil group was similar to that of 2% azone group (89.8 μg/mL·hr). The GC-MS results indicated eugenol and acetyleugenol identified from clove oil might mainly contribute to enhance in vitro and in vivo absorption of ibuprofen because of its large quantities (90.93%).     

Preparation and antimicrobial activity of gelatin microparticles containing propolis against oral pathogens

Gelatin microparticles containing propolis ethanolic extractive solution were prepared by spray-drying technique. Particles with regular morphology, mean diameter ranging of 2.27 μm to 2.48 μm, and good entrapment efficiency for propolis were obtained. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of microparticles was evaluated against microorganisms of oral importance (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Candida albicans, and Lactobacillus casei). The utilized techniques were diffusion in agar and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. The choice of the method to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of microparticles showed be very important. The microparticles displayed activity against all tested strains of similar way to the propolis, showing greater activity against the strains of E. salivarius, S. sanguinis, S. mitis, and C. albicans.     

The effect of copper addition on the structure and strength of an Al–Li alloy

In this study the effect of copper addition on the structure, precipitation kinetics and hardness in the Al–Li and Al–Li–Cu alloys aged at 200°C was investigated. The structures of precipitates were studied using X-ray-small-angle-scattering (XSAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The changes in the structure parameter (Rg) of both alloys was calculated using two methods, the Guinier approximation and correlation function γ(r). By use of a plot of r γ(r) the distribution law of the T₁ disc thickness was obtained and the coexisting spherical particles of δ′ were estimated. Two types of δ′ precipitates of approximately 2 nm size and above 8 nm and the T₁ precipitates of thickness between 3 and 4 nm were observed.     

Ketorolac Tromethamine Bioavailability Via Tablet, Capsule, and Oral Solution Dosage Forms

The single-dose mean pharmacokinetic characteristics and relative bioavailability of 10-mg ketorolac tromethamine tablet, capsule, and oral solution dosage forms were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized study of Latin square design. The tablet and the capsule formulations used were shown to have similar in vitro dissolution profiles. Ketorolac tromethamine was rapidly absorbed from all three dosage forms. The tablet and capsule were not significantly different with respect to any of the mean pharmacokinetic parameters: time to maximum plasma concentration (T_max) (35 and 42 min for the tablet and capsule, respectively), peak plasma concentration (C_max) (0.865 and 0.809 μg/ml for the tablet and capsule, respectively), area under the curve (AUC) (3.50 and 3.43 μg/ml × hr for the tablet and capsule, respectively), and half-life (t1/2) (5.2 and 4.8 hr for the tablet and capsule, respectively). Ninety-five percent fiducial (confidence) limits supported the equivalence of all of the tablet and capsule pharmacokinetic characteristics except for T^max, because of the higher variability of this parameter. The solution was absorbed significantly faster than the tablet (the time to maximum plasma concentration was 23 min for the solution versus 35 min for the tablet), but was not significantly different from the tablet in any other pharmacokinetic aspect. The fiducial intervals supported these tablet versus solution findings. Therefore, when functional or anatomical abnormality make tablet administration inadvisable, the solution or capsule formulations employed in this study may be used as alternatives to the commercially marketed tablet without adversely impacting the absorption profile of the drug substance.     

New Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the estimation of nimesulide

Two simple and accurate ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric methods with better detection range for estimation of nimesulide in pure form and in solid dosage form were developed in the present studies using 50% v/v and 100% v/v acetonitrile as the solvent system. The linearity range of nimesulide in both the methods was found to be 10-50 μg/ml at a λ_max of 300 nm. The linear regression equations obtained by the least-square regression method are Abs = 1.33 × 10^-1. Conc + 1.89 × 10^-1 in 50% v/v acetonitrile and Abs = 1.05 × 10^-1. Conc + 1.14 × 10^-1 in 100% v/v acetonitrile. The detection limit as per the error propagation theory was found to be 0.46 μg/ml and 1.04 μg/ml, respectively, in 50% v/v and 100% v/v acetonitrile. The developed methods were employed with high degree of precision and accuracy for the estimation of total drug content in three commercial tablet formulations of nimesulide. The results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies.     

Development and Optimization of a Methotrexate Topical Formulation

A topical methotrexate (MTX) formulation that would achieve optimal drug buildup in the epidermis and diminish potential systemic toxicity could be of great utility in the treatment of a variety of hyperproliferative skin disorders. In an attempt to develop an optimized MTX topical formulation containing pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, a 2³ factorial design was used to investigate the effects of a fatty alcohol, propylene glycol, and ethanol on the in vitro skin permeation and uptake of MTX. In vitro skin permeation studies were performed using excised human epidermis mounted in flow-through diffusion cells. The results of steady-state flux and skin uptake of MTX from these formulations ranged from 0.035 to 0.315 μg/cm²/hr and 1.146 to 7.929 μg/cm², respectively. Response surface analysis was used to determine the optimum formulation in terms of skin permeation and uptake of MTX.

An optimized cream formulation was developed and compared to a gel formulation containing 3% Azone in hairless mice to evaluate the uptake of MTX in the treated and untreated skin sites as well as the distribution of MTX in the blood and liver following topical application. The results of the in vivo study demonstrated the localization of MTX at the treated site for both formulations without significant uptake of MTX in the distant untreated epidermis and dermis. The levels of MTX in the blood and liver following topical application of the optimized cream were significantly less than those of the gel formulation with 3% Azone.     

Pyroelectric properties of BST/PLT composite thick films with addition of xPbO–(1 − x)B2O3 glass

The Ba_xSr_1−xTiO₃ (BST)/Pb_1−xLa_xTiO₃ (PLT) composite thick films (20 μm) with 12 mol% amount of xPbO–(1 − x)B₂O₃ glass additives (x = 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 0.65 and 0.8) have been prepared by screen-printing the paste onto the alumina substrates with silver bottom electrode. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an impedance analyzer and an electrometer were used to analyze the phase structures, morphologies and dielectric and pyroelectric properties of the composite thick films, respectively. The wetting and infiltration of the liquid phase on the particles results in the densification of the composite thick films sintered at 750 °C. Nice porous structure formed in the composite thick films with xPbO–(1 − x)B₂O₃ glass as the PbO content (x) is 0.5 ≥ x ≥ 0.35, while dense structure formed in these thick films as the PbO content (x) is 0.8 ≥ x ≥ 0.65. The volatilization of the PbO in PLT and the interdiffusion between the PLT and the glass lead to the reduction of the c-axis of the PLT phase. The operating temperature range of our composite thick films is 0–200 °C. At room temperature (20 °C), the BST/PLT composite thick films with 0.35PbO–0.65B₂O₃ glass additives provided low heat capacity and good pyroelectric figure-of-merit because of their porous structure. The pyroelectric coefficient and figure-of-merit F_D are 364 μC/(m² K) and 14.3 μPa^−1/2, respectively. These good pyroelectric properties as well as being able to produce low-cost devices make this kind of thick films a promising candidate for high-performance pyroelectric applications.