生态村分布式供能系统分析

针对广大农村沼气和太阳能利用率低的问题,提出了一种生物质能与太阳能互补综合利用的生态村分布式供能系统。该系统将太阳能光伏发电、太阳能光热转换、生物质气化与常规燃气发电整合,实现生物质能与太阳能的供电、供暖、制冷、供燃气和供热水五联产,可有效缓解新农村含碳能源利用带来的环境和安全性问题,有效解决生物质利用效率低和太阳能利用不稳定等技术瓶颈问题。以唐山市沙河驿镇唐庄子村为例,优化生态村分布式供能系统方案,其研究结果可为生态村的建设提供技术支撑。     

工业分布式供能系统可靠性评估

介绍了分布式供能系统和工业燃气分布式供能系统可靠性评估指标,并对已投运的分布式供能系统的项目作了可靠性评估,最后提出了加强可靠管理的建议。     

工业分布式供能系统经济性评估研究

简述了不同需求的企业,应配置不同的分布式供能系统,介绍了该分布式供能的投资界面和投资造价,在此基础上对工业分布式供能系统作了经济性评估。     

大力推进分布式供能系统提高能源利用效率

阐述了上海市推广应用燃气分布式供能系统历史、现状和发展，重点介绍了黄浦中心医院、浦东国际机场、金桥体育休闲中心的分布式供能系统，总结分析了项目实施的成功经验及教训，同时对加快上海市分布式供能系统的发展提出了有益的建议，有利于促进分布式供能系统的健康发展，提高能源利用效率。     

上海市节能协会举办分布式供能培训

为贯彻落实上海市人民政府下发的《上海市天然气分布式供能系统和燃气空调发展专项扶持办法》文件精神,4月27日,上海市节能协会分布式供能专委会在花园坊节能环保园举办分布式供能培训班,117家单位代表参加了本次培训,分布式供能专家林在豪教授和市节能协会专家委员会施明融主任分别就分布式供能政策和分布式供能系统作详细介绍与解读。5月16日,协会组织与会同志赴仁济医院南     

上海分布式供能系统发展研究与问题思考

分布式供能系统是一种新型的供能方式,十多年来上海在分布式供能系统发展中进行了多种有益探索和实践,本文结合笔者近年来在政策推进、规程编制及示范工程中的实践体会,通过梳理和研究．提出上海分布式供能系统进一步发展的路径和需要重点关注的问题。     

分布式供能系统在医院的应用研究

医院的负荷种类多,冷热电负荷波动大,对供能的可靠性要求高,适合采用分布式供能系统。为医院设计分布式供能系统时需根据医院的负荷选择合理的机组容量和运行方式。以广州某新建医院为例,设计了一套分布式能源系统。评价结果显示在合理的机组运行模式下,分布式供能系统可以降低医院的用能成本,具有一定的经济性。     

分布式供能系统的运行分析及建议

分布式供能系统具有良好的社会效益、节能效益和环保效益,其合理的容量配置和运行策略设计则是系统运行效果和效益体现的保证.通过对分布式供能系统各个不同工况下的热效率分析和比较,得出热负荷是影响分布式供能系统整体效益的主要因素.小型的分布式供能系统应采用“以热定电”的运行方式.     

某医院分布式能源系统的方案设计

以某医院现有供能方式作为设计基础,详细介绍了分布式能源系统发电机组选择、系统发电容量和余热回收的设计,满足了医院的安全电源和热水负荷需求。整个分布式能源系统灵活、可靠,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于太阳能及生物质能综合利用的分布式能源系统探讨

结合中国西部的能源现状及地域资源优势,提出一种新型的太阳能及生物质能综合利用的分布式能源系统,该系统主要由供电系统、供热系统、供气系统构成,形成一种高效无污染可以供沼气、供热、供电、提供农业生产肥料等能量梯级利用的综合供能系统.通过该系统模型的建立,探讨了该系统的可行性以及在可再生能源利用及环保节能等方面将起到的积极推动作用.     

全球能量平衡体系的构建与仿生型能量转换装置的提出

介绍了世界能源结构的现状及发展趋势,指出了能源消耗与环境、人类发展之间的矛盾.在概括目前人类缓解这一矛盾的主要措施时,提及了形成能源现状的某些因素.提出了解决上述矛盾的新方法-构建全球能量平衡体系,并建立了该平衡体系的模型,分析了其优缺点和可行性.简要介绍了目前生物质能的利用状况,给出了该平衡体系的关键环节-仿生型能量转换装置的概念,并进行了该装置与传统热机的优缺点对比.最后,简单分析了构建全球能量平衡体系需要解决的技术和其它关键问题。     

Industrial emergy evaluation for hydrogen production systems from biomass and natural gas

Fossil fuel resources are the main source for hydrogen production, and hydrogen production by renewable energy, such as biomass, is under development. To compare the performance in natural resource utilization for different hydrogen production systems, in this paper, two laboratorial hydrogen production systems from biomass and one industrial hydrogen production system from natural gas are analyzed by using industrial emergy evaluation indices. One of the laboratorial systems is a continuous supercritical water gasification system from glucose, and the other is a batch supercritical water gasification system from sawdust. The industrial system adopts American Brown technology. The evaluation results show that although the industrial emergy efficiency (IEE) of the industrial system from natural gas is higher than that of the laboratorial systems from biomass, the industrial emergy index of sustainability (IEIS) of the two laboratorial systems are higher than that of the industrial system. To make the laboratorial biomass system become an industrial system, the system should improve its yield, and reduce its capital investment.     

生物质高温空气气化分析、现状及前景

本文概述了我国发展生物质高温空气气化的必要性，对生物质高温空气气化的思想由来、系统组成、工作原理及过程进行了详细地介绍，并且阐述了生物质高温空气气化系统的基本特性；对国内外生物质利用技术的现状及前景进行了介绍，并对国内外生物质高温空气气化开发现状及前景进行了阐述。     

Study on waste heat recovery from exhaust smoke in cogeneration system using woody biomass fuels

In recent years, fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas have become limited resources. In addition, bad effects caused by excessive carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have now begun destroying our global environment seriously. Since current living and economical standards depend strongly on the fossil fuels, it is necessary to realize a new society that utilizes biomass as one of major sources of energy. In this background, we manufactured a practical Stirling engine using woody biomass fuels for the first time in Japan in 2005. Further we proposed a unique cogeneration system with the Stirling engine that uses woody biomass fuels such as sawdust, firewood, and wood pellets. In this cogeneration system, 43% of the input energy is wasted as heat loss from the exhaust smoke into the atmosphere. Therefore we tried to recover the waste heat by using a thermoelectric conversion module in this study. In this report, the results of basic performance test and demonstration experiment as a cogeneration system combined the waste heat recovery with a power generating system are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20390     

A review on biomass‐based hydrogen production and potential applications

In this paper, a detailed review is presented to discuss biomass‐based hydrogen production systems and their applications. Some optimum hydrogen production and operating conditions are studied through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on the hydrogen yield from steam biomass gasification. In addition, a hybrid system, which combines a biomass‐based hydrogen production system and a solid oxide fuel cell unit is considered for performance assessment. A comparative thermodynamic study also is undertaken to investigate various operational aspects through energy and exergy efficiencies. The results of this study show that there are various key parameters affecting the hydrogen production process and system performance. They also indicate that it is possible to increase the hydrogen yield from 70 to 107 g H₂ per kg of sawdust wood. By studying the energy and exergy efficiencies, the performance assessment shows the potential to produce hydrogen from steam biomass gasification. The study further reveals a strong potential of this system as it utilizes steam biomass gasification for hydrogen production. To evaluate the system performance, the efficiencies are calculated at particular pressures, temperatures, current densities, and fuel utilization factors. It is found that there is a strong potential in the gasification temperature range 1023–1423 K to increase energy efficiency with a hydrogen yield from 45 to 55% and the exergy efficiency with hydrogen yield from 22 to 32%, respectively, whereas the exergy efficiency of electricity production decreases from 56 to 49.4%. Hydrogen production by steam sawdust gasification appears to be an ultimate option for hydrogen production based on the parametric studies and performance assessments that were carried out through energy and exergy efficiencies. Finally, the system integration is an attractive option for better performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

The coal and biomass coupling power generation technology is considered as a promising technology for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, a novel coal and biomass indirect coupling system is proposed based on the technology of biomass gasification and co-combustion of coal and gasification gas. For the sake of comparison, a coal and biomass direct coupling system is also introduced based on the technology of co-combustion of coal and biomass. The process of the direct and the indirect coupling system is simulated. The thermodynamic and economic performances of two systems are analyzed and compared. The simulation indicates that the thermodynamic performance of the indirect coupling system is slightly worse, but the economic performance is better than that of the direct coupling system. When the blending ratio of biomass is 20%, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the indirect coupling system are 42.70% and 41.14%, the internal rate of return (IRR) and discounted payback period (DPP) of the system are 25.68% and 8.56 years. The price fluctuation of fuels and products has a great influence on the economic performance of the indirect coupling system. The environmental impact analysis indicates that the indirect coupling system can inhibit the propagation of NO_x and reduce the environmental cost.     

生物质能转化利用技术系统探讨

系统地分析、阐述了我国生物质能的利用技术发展现状,在分析现有生物质能利用系统优劣利弊的基础上对我国生物质能的快速发展思路进行了探讨,指出我国未来生物质能利用系统应朝着“分布式”能源方向发展。这为生物质能进一步发展提供了一种经济、环境、社会相协调的发展思路,对我国生物质能的利用和发展有着重要的作用。     

1MW木粉气化发电系统的运行特性分析

通过对海南三亚木粉发电系统的运行状况分析，结果发现：气化过程中所夹带的飞灰以及所生成的焦油是影响发电系统正常运行的主要因素，显热损失和飞灰中没有完全气化的碳损失是导致气化发电系统效率下降的主要原因。同时考查了气化过程中污染物排放情况及添加焦油裂解催化剂对气体成份和焦油裂解的影响，对改进今后生物质气化发电系统的大型化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Evaluation of energy saving of CCHP systems using an active energy storage regulation method

节能性是评价冷热电联供系统的重要指标之一.阐述了分布式冷热电联供系统中主动储能调控方法的原理.基于用户侧负荷特性和燃气轮机变工况运行规律的分析,采用相对节能率作为评价联供系统节能性的指标,以夏季冷电并供时的饭店类型建筑典型负荷为案例,探讨主动储能调控在分布式冷热电联供系统中的节能效果及影响因素.结果表明,与常规分产系统相比,无主动储能的相对节能率为11.8%,主动储能调控的联供系统相对节能率为21.6%.相对节能率的大小受到电压缩制冷系统性能系数和用户负荷冷电比的影响,电压缩制冷系统性能系数越高则联供系统相对节能率越低,用户负荷冷电比越高,联供系统相对节能率越高.     

Steady-state modelling of hybrid energy system for off grid electrification of cluster of villages

Electrification of villages from the main grid leads to large investments and losses, and this forms the basis of decentralized Hybrid Energy System. In order to evaluate the techno-economic performance of hybrid energy system for remote rural area electrification, a mixed integer linear mathematical programming model (time-series) has been developed to determine the optimal operation, optimal configuration including the assessment of the economic penetration levels of photovoltaic array area, and cost optimization for a hybrid energy generation system consisting of small/micro hydro based power generation, biogas based power generation, biomass (fuelwood) based power generation, photovoltaic array, a battery bank and a fossil fuel generator. An optimum control algorithm written in C++, based on combined dispatch strategy, allowing easy handling of the models and data of hybrid energy system components is presented. A special feature of the proposed model is that a cost constant (cost/unit) for each of the proposed resource is introduced in the cost objective function in such a way that resources with lesser unit cost share the greater of the total energy demand in an attempt to optimize the objective function.To demonstrate the use of model and algorithm, a case study for a rural remote area is also presented.