我国高吸水性树脂专利近况

高吸水性树脂(SAR)又称高吸水性聚合物(SAP)是一种含有羧基、羟基等强亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的水溶胀型高分子聚合物。它不溶于水，也不溶于有机溶剂，却有着奇特的吸水性能和保水能力，同时又具备高分子材料的优点。高吸水性树脂的吸水量大，可达自身质量的数百倍甚至上千倍，吸水速度可在数秒内生成凝胶，并且保水性强，即使在受热、加压条件下也不易失水，对光、热、酸碱的稳定性好，具有良好的生物降解性能。     

高吸水性树脂

介绍了高吸水性树脂数十年来的发展及广阔的应用领域,对其性能、结构、吸水机理进行了论述。通过高吸水性树脂的国内外生产概况,结合目前实际状况对高吸水性对脂的发展提出了建议。作为一种功能高分子,高吸水性树脂的应用越来越广,是一种很有发展前途的新材料。     

高吸水性树脂的合成研究进展

对高吸水性树脂的发展历史、应用进行了综述.根据树脂来源的不同,将高吸水性树脂分为三大类:天然高分子系列、合成聚合物系列及复合型树脂,并对其合成方法作了详细的评述.最后展望了高分子吸水材料的发展趋势.     

天然高分子改性高吸水性材料研究进展

天然高分子改性高吸水性材料具有可降解、原料廉价且来源广泛等优点,是高吸水性树脂的重要研究方向。综述了天然高分子改性高吸水性材料的研究进展、溶胀机理和制备方法,指出天然高分子改性高吸水性材料的研究方向应侧重改善性能和拓展新的应用领域。     

天然高分子改性制备高吸水性树脂研究进展

天然高分子改性制备的高吸水性树脂是近年发展迅速的功能材料,由于其特殊的化学结构,它能吸收自身质量几百倍甚至上千倍的水,对一些盐溶液的吸收倍率也较大;分子结构中引入天然高分子因而降解性能较好,广泛用于农林业生产、城市园林绿化、抗旱保水、防沙治沙,并发挥出了巨大的作用。本文综述了淀粉、纤维素、海藻酸钠、甲壳素/壳聚糖及其它天然高分子改性型高吸水性树脂的特点、在应用中存在的问题及发展前景。     

高吸水性树脂的研究现状

高吸水性树脂是一种新型功能高分子材料，具有优异的性能和广泛的用途。综述了高吸水性树脂的吸水机理。重点对提高淀粉系、纤维素系及合成系高吸水性树脂的性能和开发新性能及新用途的最新研究进展进行了概述。最后指出高吸水性树脂应该向材料复合化、具有可生物降解性和智能性、注重基础研究和微观机理等方向发展。     

聚合物

我国高吸水性树脂专利近况高吸水性树脂(SAR)又称高吸水性聚合物,是一种含有羧基等强亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的水溶胀型高分子聚合物。它不溶于水,也不溶于有机溶剂,却有着奇特的吸水性能和保水能力,同时又具备高分子材料的优点。高吸水性树脂的吸水量大,可达自身质量的数百倍甚至上千倍,吸水速度可在数秒内生成凝胶,并且保水性强,即使在受热、加压条件下也不易失水,对光、热、酸碱的稳定性好,具有良好的生物降解性能。我国高吸水性树脂消耗量很大,2000年消耗量为1.8万吨,预计2005年消耗量为2.5万～3.0万吨。     

高吸水性树脂的发展及研究现状

高吸水性树脂是一种含有强的亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的功能高分子材料,来源丰富,用途广泛。概述了高吸水性树脂的性能特征、吸水机理。重点介绍高吸水树脂在国内外的发展及研究现状,并对高吸水树脂的研究开发前景进行了探讨。     

我国高吸水性树脂专利近况

高吸水性树脂(SAR)又称高吸水性聚合物,是一种含有羧基等强亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的水溶胀型高分子聚合物。它不溶于水,也不溶于有机     

合成系超强吸水高分子材料的研究进展

介绍了近年来国内在合成系高吸水性树脂方面的研究情况，并对影响超强吸水高分子合成与性能的因素进行论述。并根据目前状况，对今后的高吸水性树脂的开发应用提出一些建议。     

高吸水树脂的吸水机理及其在农业上的应用

本文分析了高吸水树脂的结构,探讨了Flory的相关理论,研究了吸盐水倍率较吸纯水倍率急剧下降的原因,介绍了高吸水树脂的吸水在农业上的应用。     

腐殖酸表面接枝对丙烯酸类超强吸水树脂的改性研究

采用腐殖酸（HA）溶液处理丙烯酸类超强吸水树脂颗粒，对丙烯酸类超强吸水树脂颗粒进行表面接枝改性，研究了HA表面改性对丙烯酸类超强吸水树脂颗粒吸水性能、吸水速度以及表面结构的影响。结果表明，HA改性后的吸水树脂颗粒其吸收蒸馏水的能力提高30％，吸收生理盐水的能力可以提高1．1倍，达到饱和溶胀所需要的时间降低，防潮性能大大提高，电镜照片显示吸水树脂颗粒表面形成明显的层状膜。     

Synthesis of acrylamide‐co‐(itaconic acid) superabsorbent polymers and associated silica superabsorbent polymer composites

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized from acrylamide (AM) and itaconic acid (IA) via a crosslinking polymerization. SAP composites (SAPCs) were formed by the incorporation of silica with three particle sizes into the polymerization to increase the gel strength of SAPs. Effects of AM: IA molar ratios, silica types and concentrations on water absorbency, absorbency rate and absorbency under loadings (AUL) of the composites were investigated. The highest water absorbency of the SAP is 233 ± 8 g g^?1 at an AM: IA molar ratio of 97:3 with absorbency of 149 ± 2 g g^?1 within 15 min. The highest AUL of the SAPC with 0.5%–2.0% w w^?1 silica is 13 g g^?1 by 1.93 × 10³ Pa load. A pseudo‐second‐order kinetics for water absorbency was found in both SAPs and in situ SAPCs. In situ SAPCs and the mechanically mixed SAPCs in vertical and horizontal direction yielded similar water absorbency values. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

表面交联后处理对高吸水性树脂性能的影响

将硫酸铝、丙三醇和乙二醇二缩水甘油醚溶于水配制成表面交联液,对水溶液聚合法合成的高吸水性树脂(SAP)进行表面交联后处理,研究了硫酸铝、丙三醇和乙二醇二缩水甘油醚用量,表面交联温度和表面交联液用量对SAP吸液性能和加压吸收量(AUL)的影响。运用FTIR和SEM对SAP进行了表征。结果表明,随着硫酸铝用量的增加,SAP的吸液倍率增大,AUL减小。而SAP吸液倍率随着乙二醇二缩水甘油醚用量和表面交联温度的增大而降低,AUL则随之升高。当w(丙三醇)=9%时,SAP吸水倍率和吸盐水倍率有最大值685 g/g和79g/g,当w(丙三醇)=12.7%时,AUL达到最大值33 g/g。当交联液用量为7.7 g时,SAP的综合性能最好。     

高吸水性树脂合成技术进展

从分散体系的稳定性、颗粒度的控制、吸水速度的改善等方面综述了反相悬浮聚合和溶液聚合这两种制备高吸水性树脂方法的技术进展和工艺改进,并论述了树脂的“核-壳”结构设计原理和实施技术,使树脂颗粒具有低交联密度的核和高交联密度的壳,解决了吸水倍率与凝胶强度不能兼得的矛盾．得到综合性能优良的高吸水性树脂。     

Superabsorbent polymer prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose derived from Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (kapok) cotton

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by grafting acrylic acid and butyl acrylate onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified from Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (kapok) cotton, with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulphate as initiator. The effect of distilled water, saline solution, and applied pressure on superabsorbent was investigated. The product exhibited the maximum water absorbency of 554 g/g in distilled water and 96 g/g in saline solution. The SAP achieved the highest water absorbency under load of 83 g/g under applied pressure of 7.6 g/cm². The kapok cotton modified cellulose‐based SAP exhibited stronger gel strength than the SAP based on commercial CMC. This is probably due to the higher grafting efficiency (78.3%) of the former. The SAP was characterized by FTIR analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the SAP, with AA and BA grafted onto CMC, had better thermal stability than CMC alone. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40808.     

Preparation of a monolithic and macroporous superabsorbent polymer via a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template

A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) possesses an ability to absorb an aqueous solution up to several hundred times its own weight. To utilize a SAP effectively, a high absorption rate is also essential in addition to a high absorption capability. Herein, using a template based on a high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) stabilized by aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles, we synthesize a SAP with a high absorption rate by forming macropores. In particular, by adjusting three different parameters, the concentration of the crosslinker, the internal volume fraction of the emulsion, and the particle concentration, we successfully formed a HIPPE-templated SAP with a high absorption rate for a saline solution, which was 51.6 g g⁻¹ of the absorbency within 10 s. We confirm that the swelling kinetics is mainly determined by the interconnectivity between the internal macro-pores. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48133.     

Fast‐swelling superabsorbent polymers with polymerizable macromolecular surfactant as crosslinker

Fast‐swelling superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have been prepared by micellar cross‐linking copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide using polymerizable macromolecular surfactants (PMSs) as multifunctional crosslinkers, with a foaming technique. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)/acetone and Pluronic F127 were used as foam (or porosity) generators and stabilizer, respectively. It has been found that the PMSs with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain length have little effect on the swelling rate of the SAPs, while the foam generators are crucial. In addition, the monomer concentration and the concentration of the PMS are important to the fast swelling rate of the SAPs. For a balance of a relatively fast‐swelling rate, high water absorbency under load and low cost in drying, a monomer concentration of above 50%, 0.08% PMS, and 5% NaHCO₃ are preferable. The water absorbency of SAP prepared under optimal conditions could reach half of equilibrium water absorbency in 30 seconds and the saline water absorbency under load could reach 18.4 g/g. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44173.     

Fabrication of a fast‐swelling superabsorbent resin by inverse suspension polymerization

A novel, fast‐swelling superabsorbent polymer (SAP2) was fabricated with an anionic–nonionic surfactant [poly(oxy‐1,2‐ethanediyl)–(3‐carboxy‐1‐oxo‐3‐sulfopropyl)–(nonylphenoxy) sodium salt] as the stabilizer by inverse suspension polymerization. The microstructure, chemical structure, and gel strength of the superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, porosity, and specific surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and rheometry. The results show that SAP2 had irregularly shaped particles with a large number of pores and presented a greater specific surface area, pore volume, and gel strength than the prepared SAP1 with a nonionic surfactant (Span 60) as the stabilizer. The amount of residual monomer and the gel fraction of SAP2 were 202 mg/kg and 80.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, SAP2 demonstrated a faster swelling and deswelling rate as well as greater water absorbency than SAP1. The fast swelling rate mainly resulted from the capillary effect of the pores in the irregularly shaped particles. Superfast swelling SAPs should possess outstanding potential for healthcare products, communication cables, and the biomedical field. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46142.     

具有"核-壳"型结构吸水树脂的合成

提出了吸水树脂的"核-壳"结构设计原理和实施技术,该技术使树脂颗粒具有低交联密度的核和高交联密度的壳,解决了吸水倍率与凝胶强度不能兼得的矛盾,合成出吸水倍率≥450g/g、加压吸收倍率≥30g/g和高凝胶强度的吸水树脂.研究了丙烯酸中和度、交联剂亚甲基双丙烯酰胺用量、引发剂过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠用量、表面改性剂种类和用量等因素对吸水树脂吸水性能的影响,为优化工艺提供依据.