Influence of Heat Treatment Temperature on Micro-structure and Property of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 Su-permartensitic Stainless Steel

The microstructural evolution and mechanical property of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2supermartensitic stainless steel(SMSS)subjected to different heat treatments were investigated.Room tensile tests,hardness tests,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were conducted on the heat-treated steels.It is found that the microstructure of the heat-treated steel is composed of tempered lath martensite,retained austenite andδ-ferrite.The austenitizing temperature and tempering temperature have a significant effect on the microstructural changes,which leads to the complex variations of mechanical properties.The fine tempered lath martensite and more dispersed reversed austenite in the microstructure facilitate improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the studied steel.The optimal heat treatment process of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2SMSS is obtained by austenitizing at 1 000℃for 0.5h+air cooling followed by tempering at 630℃for 2h+air cooling,where the excellent combination of tensile strength,elongation and hardness can be achieved.     

氮合金化对马氏体不锈钢00Cr13Ni4Mo回火性能的影响

测定了控氮00Cr13Ni4Mo(S13-4N)与低氮00Cr13Ni6Mo(S13-6)的性能,对比分析了氮元素对00Cr13Ni4Mo的强度、韧性、耐蚀性的影响。力学性能测试结果表明,回火温度≤550℃时,控氮的S13-4N比低氮的S13-6的强度更高,韧性更低;回火温度≥550℃时,规律逐渐变得相反;S13-4N在450℃左右出现回火脆性现象。电化学测试结果表明,S13-6的耐点蚀性能优于S13-4N。XRD和EBSD结果表明,两种钢在550℃以上温度回火时出现逆变奥氏体,600℃附近含量达到最大值,此时的韧性最佳,S13-6中的逆变奥氏体总量多于S13-4N,但形态不同。分析认为:氮比镍稳定奥氏体的能力强,而镍形成逆变奥氏体的能力则更强,逆变奥氏体的含量和稳定性对韧性的影响很大;S13-4N的450℃回火脆性主要是由于碳化物和氮化物的析出引起的。     

Formation of Reversed Austenite in High Temperature Tempering Process and its Effect on Mechanical Properties of Cr15 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel Alloyed with Copper

Formation mechanism of the reversed austenite of Cr15 super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) alloyed with copper after high temperature tempering was investigated by means of thermo‐calc software, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the SMSS were also tested. The experimental results show that the reversed austenite with low dislocation density is formed at high temperature tempering processing. The transformation of the martensite to reversed austenite is a diffused phase transformation, and the growth of the reversed austenite is closely related to the diffusion process of Ni. The bulk reversed austenite with large amount of stacking faults is formed with the increase of the tempering temperature. The volume fraction of reversed austenite increases at first and then decreases with increasing tempering temperature, and the maximum amount of the reversed austenite is obtained at 650°C. The reversed austenite is unstable at the tempering temperature above 650°C and the martensitic phase transformation will occur at the following cooling process. The mechanical properties of Cr15 super martensitic stainless steel are significantly influenced by the volume fraction of reversed austenite.     

Corrosion Resistance and Semiconducting Properties of Passive Films Formed on 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Cl- Environment

The semiconducting properties of passive films grown on 00Crl3Ni5Mo2 supermartensitic stainless steel were investigated in comparison with conventional 2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel. Cyclic vohammetry and electro- chemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were used for the studies. 00Crl3NiSMo2 steel exhibited a good corrosion resistance performance, attributing to its passive capability. The results of Mott-Schottky analysis demonstrated n- type semiconductors for the passive films with doping densities of about 1020- 1021 cm -3, and the thickness of space- charge layers was also calculated. The experimental results confirmed that Mo plays an important role in improving the corrosion resistance of 00Crl3Ni5Mo2 steel due to its impact on the doping density.     

Microstructure Evolution and Precipitation Behavior of 0Cr16Ni5Mo Martensitic Stainless Steel during Tempering Process

The microstructure,morphology of precipitates and retained austenite and the volume fraction of retained austenite in 0Cr16Ni5 Mo stainless steel during the tempering process were analyzed using optical microscope(OM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM).The results show that the microstructure of the tempered steel is mainly composed of tempered martensite,retained austenite,and delta ferrite.In the case of samples tempered from 500 to 700 ℃,the precipitates are mainly M_(23)C_6,which precipitate along the lath martensite boundaries.The precipitate content increases with the tempering temperature.During the tempering process,the content of retained austenite initially increases and then decreases,the maximum content of retained austenite being 29 vol.% upon tempering at 600 ℃.TEM analysis of the tested steel reveals two morphology types of retained austenite.One is thin film-like retained austenite that exists along the martensite lath boundary.The other is blocky austenite located on packet at the boundary and the original austenite grain boundary.To further understand the stability of reversed austenite,the Ni content in reversed austenite was measured using STEM.Results show a significant difference in nickel concentrations between reversed austenite and martensite.     

Influence of nitrogen-alloying on the tempering properties of the martensitic stainless steel 00Cr13Ni4Mo

The mechanical and corrosive properties of 00Cr13Ni4Mo(S13-4N) were tested and compared with those of 00Cr13Ni6Mo(S13-6).The effects of nitrogen on the properties of the steels were analyzed.The results of the tensile and corrosion tests show the strength,the ductility,and the pitting corrosion resistance of S13-4N are higher,lower and poorer than those of S13-6 respectively,when tempered at a temperature below 550℃and vice versa when the tempering temperature is higher than 550℃.The results of the X-ray diffraction(XRD) and the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses reveal that inversed austenite appears at 550℃and the amount of it peaks at 600℃with the best ductility.And the total amount of the inversed austenite in S13-6 is more than that in S13-4N in different forms. Nitrogen performs better in terms of stabilizing inversed austenite while nickel is more favorable for forming inversed austenite,the amount and stability of which affect the ductility remarkably.The reason for the embrittlement of S13-4N at 450℃can be the result of carbide and nitride precipitating at grain boundaries.     

Nb对0Cr11铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

 铁素体不锈钢与奥氏体不锈钢相比具有成本低、热膨胀系数低和耐应力腐蚀等优点,所以被广泛应用到汽车排气系统、家用电器和建筑等领域。研究了不同的Nb含量对铁素体不锈钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：Nb有细化晶粒的作用,随着Nb含量的增加,晶粒的平均尺寸减小;由于合金元素Nb和Ti的加入,形成了TiN、NbC 和 Fe2Nb析出相,其透射电镜观察结果与Thermal calc计算结果一致;材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度随着Nb含量的增加而增加,这是由于Nb的固溶强化和析出强化共同作用的结果。     

铌对00Cr12Ni不锈钢组织和性能的影响

 分别冶炼了3种不同铌含量的00Cr12Ni不锈钢,用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了热轧退火态的显微组织,测量了试验钢的拉伸性能和不同温度的冲击功。试验结果表明：铌的添加显著抑制了退火时铁素体再结晶的发生。未添加稳定化元素铌的钢中析出相为Cr23C6,w(Nb)为0.28%的试验钢中析出相为Nb(C,N)和Fe3Nb3C,w(Nb)为0.49%的试验钢中析出相为Nb(C,N)和Fe2Nb,而且其析出相总体积分数明显高于其他2种试验钢。铌的添加提高了试验钢的强度,降低了试验钢的塑性和韧性,w(Nb)为0.49%的试验钢冲击功最低,但其韧脆转变温度也最低。     

00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢生产工艺

简述了00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢的基本特性,详细介绍了00Cr22NiSMo3N双相不锈钢的冶炼、轧制、退火及酸洗工艺要点,给出了00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢生产中的注意事项。     

热处理工艺对0Cr17Ni钢磁性能的影响

研究了不同温度淬火、高温回火对0Cr17Ni不锈钢磁性能的影响,通过显微组织、碳化物析出特点、残余奥氏体含量分析,解释了产生磁性能变化的原因。结果表明:奥氏体化温度越高,铁素体含量越多,磁性能越好。高温回火后磁性能得到明显提高。但奥氏体化温度过高,残余奥氏体增多、晶粒增大,降低磁性能。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Property of Cr13 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

 The microstructures and mechanical properties of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel after different heat treatments were studied. The results show that the structures of the steel after quenching are of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite. With the raising quenching temperature, the original austenite grain size increases and the lath martensite gradually becomes thicker. The structures of the tempered steel are mixtures of tempered martensite and reversed austenite dispersed in the martensite matrix. The amount of reversed austenite is from 754% to 2249%. After different heat treatments, the tensile strength, the elongation and the HRC hardness of the steel are in the range of 813-1070 MPa, 101%-212% and 2133-3237, respectively. The steel displays the best comprehensive mechanical properties after the sample is quenched at 1050 ℃ followed by tempering at 650 ℃.     

固溶处理对00Cr27Ni7Mo5N不锈钢的组织及力学性能的影响

 研究了不同固溶处理温度对特超级双相不锈钢00Cr27Ni7Mo5N组织及力学性能的影响。采用光镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度、冲击和拉伸测试等手段研究σ相的析出规律及其对力学性能的影响。运用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算00Cr27Ni7Mo5N相含量随温度的变化,并与测试结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,当固溶温度在800～1050℃之间,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N有大量金属间化合物σ相析出,导致钢的强度和硬度增加,塑韧性显著下降。当固溶温度在1070～1200℃时,钢中σ相溶解,钢的塑韧性提高,硬度下降。1100℃固溶处理时,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢的高温变形行为

采用热/力模拟实验方法研究了00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)在900～1 200℃、应变速率为0.1～10 s-1条件下的热变形及组织变化,讨论了热变形参数对流变应力和显微组织的影响.结果表明,在上述变形条件下,00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢中铁素体的软化机制与Z参数有关,且随着Z参数减小,铁素体软化机制由动态回复向动态再结晶转变;该钢的表观应力指数为3.51,热变形表观激活能为492 kJ/mol.     

Effect of Multi-Step Tempering on Retained Austenite and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Steel

 The effect of multi-step tempering on retained austenite content and mechanical properties of low alloy steel used in the forged cold back-up roll was investigated. Microstructural evolutions were characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Feritscope, while the mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The results revealed that the content of retained austenite decreased by about 2% after multi-step tempering. However, the content of retained austenite increased from 36% to 51% by increasing multi-step tempering temperature. The hardness and tensile strength increased as the austenitization temperature changed from 800 to 920 ℃, while above 920 ℃, hardness and tensile strength decreased. In addition, the maximum values of hardness, ultimate and yield strength were obtained via triple tempering at 520 ℃, while beyond 520 ℃, the hardness, ultimate and yield strength decreased sharply.     

合金元素对2Cr13马氏体不锈钢组织及性能的影响

Ni,Mo,V均是影响13Cr型马氏体不锈钢性能的主要元素.研究了在普通2Cr13基础上添加不同含量的Ni,Mo以及微量V对其力学性能、耐腐蚀性能的影响.研究表明:单独添加Ni或Mo元素均未能明显改善2Cr13型马氏体不锈钢的综合力学性能,但同时添加适量的Ni,Mo等合金元素能明显提高材料的力学及耐CO2腐蚀性能.     

00Cr17Ni14Mo2不锈钢热轧中板工艺质量改进研究

通过对00Cr17Ni14Mo2热轧不锈钢板缺陷的研究,剖析缺陷类型和形成机理,针对性地进行炼钢成分设计,使得00Cr17Ni14Mo2热轧不锈钢板缺陷得以消除,热轧板质量稳步提升。