MA-AMPS共聚物的制备及其性能研究

以水为溶剂，次磷酸钠-过氧化物为引发剂，马来酸酐（MA）、2-丙烯酰胺-2甲基丙基碳酸（AMPS）为单体合成了二元共聚物。探讨了该共聚物阻垢分散效果与单体配比，引发剂配比，反应温度等之间的关系。并考察了水质条件变化对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。结果表明。该共聚物具有很好的阻CaCo3垢，阻Ca3（PO4）2垢和分散氧化铁能力。     

马来酐-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚阻垢剂的研究

以马来酐、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸羟乙酯为原料合成了新型三元共聚物阻垢分散剂,探讨了对共聚物阻垢性能的影响因素,得出了最佳合成条件:单体配比n(MA):n(AM):n(HEA)=1.5:0.6:0.4、引发剂与单体质量比为8%、聚合温度80℃、聚合时间4 h.阻垢性能试验表明该共聚物相对分子质量为2 400及共聚物质量浓度为15 mg/L时阻垢效果最好.该共聚物具有良好的阻垢性能,是一种高效的绿色阻垢剂.     

马-丙-丙共聚物阻垢剂的合成

采用水溶液聚合的方法,以马来酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了水溶性三元共聚物马来酸酐-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸甲酯。研究了引发剂种类、单体滴加方式、单体聚合浓度、聚合温度和时间对该聚合物阻垢性能的影响,确定了该共聚物最佳聚合条件为:以过硫酸铵为引发剂、单体交替滴加、单体质量分数为25%、聚合温度为85℃、聚合时间为3～5h。在此条件下所得共聚物的阻垢率为96.81%。     

氧化还原引发木薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的研究

以木薯淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,采用氧化还原引发体系合成淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物,研究了温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度以及反应时间对聚合反应的影响。结果表明：采用氧化还原引发剂可以使聚合反应低温快速进行。实验最佳条件：反应温度为40℃,引发剂浓度为4mmol／L,单体质量浓度为85mg／mL,反应时间为3h。     

IA/MA/MAA/AMPS共聚物阻垢剂的合成及阻垢性能

以衣康酸、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸为单体,通过水溶液聚合的方法合成了新型四元共聚物阻垢剂,并通过红外光谱确定了共聚物结构。探讨单体配比、反应时间、引发剂用量对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。将合成共聚物与市售阻垢剂进行分散氧化铁性能对比试验,结果表明:该四元共聚物的分散氧化铁性能优于市售阻垢剂,在共聚物质量浓度为40 mg/L时,对Ca CO3的阻垢率为92.7%,对Ca3(PO4)2的阻垢率为88.5%。     

AA-SAS共聚物的合成及其阻垢性能

以水为溶剂、过硫酸盐为引发剂,以丙烯酸(AA)和烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为单体,合成了丙烯酸-烯丙基磺酸钠(AA-SAS)共聚物阻垢剂。探讨了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应体系温度和分子量调节剂对聚合物阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,共聚物对磷酸钙阻垢作用具有阈值效应,当用量大于12mg/L时,阻垢率约为99%。     

含磷丙烯酸-AMPS共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以丙烯酸 (AA)、2 -丙烯酰胺 - 2 -甲基丙磺酸 (AMPS)和次亚磷酸钠为单体 ,水为溶剂 ,过硫酸铵为引发剂合成了含磷丙烯酸 - AMPS共聚物阻垢分散剂 (代号 YSS-94)。讨论了单体配比、次亚磷酸钠用量、引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对共聚物阻垢性能的影响 ,确定了最佳配比和工艺条件 ,并对产品的阻垢分散性能进行了评价。结果表明 ,该共聚物是一种性能优异的高效水质稳定剂     

丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯-衣康酸共聚物的合成和阻垢分散性能

以丙烯酸、丙烯酸乙酯和衣康酸为单体,水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,异丙醇为链转移剂.合成了丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯-衣康酸三元共聚物(从-AE-IA).研究确定了共聚物合成的最佳条件:引发剂用量为5%,链转移剂用量为10%,聚合反应温度为90℃.采用静态蒸发浓缩法和极限碳酸盐硬度法,将三元共聚物与市售的同类阻垢分散剂进行阻垢性能的对比实验,结果表明:AA-AE-IA的阻垢效果优于同类市售阻垢剂,最佳用量为6 mg/L,静态阻垢率高达90%.     

新型两性共聚物阻垢剂的合成及性能研究

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)及马来酸酐(MA)为单体,(NH4)2S2O8/NaHSO3氧化还原体系为引发剂,水为溶剂,通过溶液聚合制备了一种新型两性共聚物阻垢剂。用红外光谱和热分析方法对共聚物进行了表征和分析。探讨了聚合工艺条件对共聚物阻垢效果的影响,评价了其阻垢分散性能。结果表明,该共聚物对碳酸钙、磷酸钙具有优异的阻垢效果,并且具有良好的分散氧化铁性能。当共聚物质量浓度为10 mg/L时,其对碳酸钙的阻垢率达90%以上,对磷酸钙的阻垢率达95%以上。     

MOPBG-AMPS共聚物阻垢剂的合成及硫酸钡阻垢性能评价

以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,以2-（N,N-二亚甲基羧基）胺甲基-丙烯酰胺基二乙酸（MOPBG）和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为单体,制备了一种针对油气田使用的新型共聚物阻垢剂。通过红外光谱和热重分析测定了共聚物的结构和不同配比共聚物的热稳定性能;采用静态阻垢法研究了共聚物浓度对硫酸钡阻垢率的影响。结果表明：单体配比为n(MOPBG)∶n(AMPS)=3∶(1.5～2)时,共聚物具有最佳的耐热性能。阻垢效果最优共聚物添加量分别为：共聚物[n(MOPBG)∶n(AMPS)=3∶1.5]为20 mg/L,阻垢率为 98.9%;共聚物[n(MOPBG)∶n(AMPS)=3∶2]为15 mg/L,阻垢率为 96.4%。利用扫描电子显微镜,探讨了共聚物的阻垢机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。