用IGS发布的TEC数据提高法拉第旋转校正精度

电磁波穿过电离层时引入的法拉第旋转是导致全极化微波辐射计观测亮温产生交叉极化的重要原因.分析得知IRI（international reference ionosphere）模型产生的TEC（total electron content）数据在部分低纬地区无法满足全极化辐射计对法拉第旋转的校正精度要求.为提高校正精度,分析了沿观测路径积分法和应用IGS（International GPS Service）发布的TEC数据校正两种方法对校正精度的影响.结果表明,沿观测路径积分法不能有效改善校正精度,而应用IGS数据校正可大幅提高低纬地区法拉第旋转校正精度,满足全极化微波辐射计对极化旋转角的校正精度要求.     

机载全极化微波辐射计系统设计及海面亮温的提取方法

机载全极化微波辐射计（Airborne full Polarization Microwave Radiometer,APMR）是国家重大科技基础设施航空遥感系统的主要载荷之一，用于获取来自地球表面和大气的微波辐射电场的极化信息，从而反演地球表面和大气的物理参数. APMR是一个5频点的被动微波遥感器，中心频点分别为10.7 GHz,18.7 GHz,23.8 GHz,37.0 GHz和90 GHz.其中，23.8 GHz和90 GHz采用水平和垂直极化接收方式；10.7 GHz,18.7 GHz和37.0 GHz采用全极化接收方式，同时接收观测场景辐射的4个Stokes参数亮温.该文在介绍我国第一台机载全极化微波辐射计APMR系统主要技术特点和基本性能指标的基础上，提出了由辐射计输出参数进行全极化定标、再进行海面亮温提取的二级数据处理方法，从而得到海面亮温的4个Stokes参数信息，其可用于海面风向、风速等参数的反演. APMR于2020年6月在东营进行了海上的搭载飞行试验，从实验结果中提取到的海面亮温与预期情况一致，这使仪器的工作性能以及海面亮温的提取方法得到验证，为未来机载平台获...     

星载极化干涉SAR系统电离层去相干研究

中低频段(UHF/VHF、P、L)星载极化干涉SAR系统运行于电离层之上,会受到相位扰动、法拉第旋转等电离层效应的影响,从而降低系统的成像质量以及参数反演的准确度.本文从电离层造成的成像散焦和极化平面旋转角度出发,重点分析和推导了电离层不规则体去相干以及法拉第旋转效应对相干最优的影响,并通过仿真实验模拟了典型系统条件以...     

一种基于频域解模糊的星载P波段全极化SAR法拉第旋转效应校正方法

星载P波段合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR）极化测量性能易受电离层法拉第旋转（Faraday Rotation, FR）效应的影响，随着系统带宽增加，以及中心频率对应的法拉第旋转角（FR Angle, FRA）增大，FR效应色散特征突显，将导致距离向成像恶化以及额外的极化测量误差.针对色散FR效应，提出了一种基于频域解模糊的星载P波段全极化SAR法拉第旋转效应校正方法，通过模糊度一致化以及频域拟合等关键步骤，解决了P波段SAR系统FRA估计值模糊问题，最后在频域实现色散FR效应的校正.利用机载P波段全极化SAR数据开展了仿真验证实验，与传统的图像域校正方法相比，有效抑制了色散的FR效应，显著改善了交叉极化通道图像之间的相关性.     

双圆极化的极化校正器的理论分析

正待启用(现已启用)的V号国际商用通信系统中,规定在4/6 GHz频段使用双圆极化频谱复用体制。在该体制中不但要求有极化纯度极高的天线,同时还要求对在雨中传播时产生的极化畸变能进行校正。本文用复数矢量法对三种极化校正器进行了分析,得到了计算其质量指标的表达式。据此,可以根据来波的极化性态正确选择校正器的工作范围,以提高校正器本身的最佳轴比性能,并降低残余干扰。     

全极化微波辐射计数字化引入误差分析

全极化微波辐射计是一种用于海洋表面风场测量的新型被动微波遥感器.数字相关器是全极化辐射计的核心部件.数字相关器的应用相对于模拟相关辐射计具有可配置、集成度高和易于控制的特点.同时,数字化技术会给辐射计带来量化误差和相位抖动误差.具体的误差分析验证了全极化微波辐射计中数字化的可行性.文中详细分析了定量误差,并根据实际工程应用说明了多比特数字化带来的误差可以在系统整体误差中忽略.     

数字全极化微波辐射计系统设计与定标分析

海洋风场是海洋与大气作用的重要参数之一。全极化微波辐射计是一种新型的微波遥感器。数字全极化微波辐射计采用多路数字相关技术,对水平和垂直极化信号进行相关处理,产生反演海面风场模型所需海面亮温Stokes矢量。详细介绍了数字全极化微波辐射计的系统设计方法,包括射频前端、中频段和数字相关器的设计。同时给出了系统内定标以及外定标方法。对数字全极化微波辐射计做了细致的理论分析和硬件实现设计。     

BiCaInVIG法拉第旋转器旋光色散的测量

对于法拉第光隔离器,法拉第旋转器45°旋转角的精确度决定了其隔离度,法拉第旋转器的旋光色散决定了其带宽.本文给出了法拉第旋转器旋光色散的测量方法,并对铋钙钒石榴石(BiCaInVIG)法拉第旋转器样品的旋光色散进行了测量.结果表明波长越长,法拉第旋转角越小.     

基于数字相关型全极化微波辐射计的灵敏度分析

灵敏度是表征微波辐射计能够检测到最小亮温变化的能力,是微波辐射计一项重要指标.本文针对数字相关型全极化微波辐射计,提出了一种使用相关器输出的计数值计算各通道灵敏度的方法,并通过了实验验证.对比模拟通道灵敏度和数字通道灵敏度,分析了量化噪声和通道间串扰对灵敏度的影响.     

一种基于极化线栅的微波辐射计变温定标源研究

根据极化线栅的准光学的极化分离原理,设计了由极化线栅、人造黑体和冷空构成的新型线栅定标源.定标源通过极化线栅的旋转混合人造黑体和冷空的辐射能量,从而输出亮温变化可控的微波辐射,为微波辐射计外定标提供人造变温源,解决了低频段大口径天线辐射计的外定标难题.通过定标实验验证,极化线栅在L波段的透过率优于99.3%,反射率达到98.4%,线栅定标源的亮温呈正弦规律变化,变化范围为8~248K,实验结果与设计目标相吻合.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.