Functional characteristics of Lactobacillus spp. from traditional Maasai fermented milk products in Kenya

In this study functional characteristics of 23 representative Lactobacillus strains isolated from the Maasai traditional fermented milk 'Kule naoto' were determined. The Lb. acidophilus group strains showed resistance to gastric juice and bile. In addition, some Lb. acidophilus strains expressed bile salt hydrolase activity, and had ability to assimilate cholesterol in vitro. In-vitro adhesion to HT29 MTX cells of up to 70% was recorded. Lb. fermentum strains showed almost 100% survival under simulated stomach acidic conditions and physiological salt concentrations of bile salts, hydrophobicity values were over 80%. Most strains of the Lb. casei and Lb. acidophilus groups showed aggregation abilities of above 50%. Many strains expressed a protective effect against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced DNA damage according to the 'comet assay' and none was virulent. The antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration of selected strains was established. According to these results, the Lactobacillus spp associated with 'Kule naoto', contain potentially probiotic (functional) strains.     

Isolation,characterisation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from bushera: a Ugandan traditional fermented beverage

One hundred and thirteen strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected from 351 isolates from 15 samples of traditionally fermented household bushera from Uganda and also from laboratory-prepared bushera. Isolates were phenotypically characterised by their ability to ferment 49 carbohydrates using API 50 CHL kits and additional biochemical tests. Coliforms, yeasts and LAB were enumerated in bushera. The pH, volatile organic compounds and organic acids were also determined.

The LAB counts in household bushera varied between 7.1 and 9.4 log cfu ml⁻¹. The coliform counts varied between <1 and 5.2 log cfu ml⁻¹. The pH of bushera ranged from 3.7 to 4.5. Ethanol (max, 0.27%) was the major volatile organic compound while lactic acid (max, 0.52%) was identified as the dominant organic acid in household bushera.

The initial numbers of LAB and coliforms in laboratory-fermented bushera were similar; however, the LAB numbers increased faster during the first 24 h. LAB counts increased from 5.5 to 9.0 log cfu ml⁻¹ during the laboratory fermentation. Coliform counts increased from 5.9 to 7.8 log cfu ml⁻¹ at 24 h, but after 48 h, counts were less 4 log cfu ml⁻¹. Yeasts increased from 4.3 to 7.7 log cfu ml⁻¹ at 48 h, but thereafter decreased slightly. The pH declined from 7.0 to around 4.0. Lactic acid and ethanol increased from zero to 0.75% and 0.20%, respectively.

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from household bushera belonged to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus genera. Tentatively, Lactobacillus isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. fermentum, L. brevis and L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii. Streptococcus thermophilus strains were also identified in household bushera. LAB isolated from bushera produced in the laboratory belonged to five genera (Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Weissella and Enterococcus. Eight isolates were able to produce acid from starch and were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (four strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (one strain), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum (one strain), Weissella confusa (one strain) and L. plantarum (one strain).     

一株安徽传统酸奶中产抑菌物质的乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

目的从安徽传统发酵酸奶中筛选出一株具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌(编号为SN-5)。方法通过菌落形态观察、染色镜检、生理生化和分子生物学实验进行鉴定分析,利用牛津杯法进行抑菌实验。结果通过实验排除乳酸、乙酸和过氧化氢干扰后,L.delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus SN-5的无细胞发酵上清液(cell-free fermentation supernatant,CFS)对大肠杆菌(ATCC8099)和金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)仍具有抑制作用,且经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶K处理后抑菌作用下降明显,说明L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SN-5所产主要抑菌物质为蛋白类物质。结论 L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SN-5可作为食品运输和贮藏过程中控制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的拮抗制剂出发菌株,为新型生物防腐剂的开发奠定了一定的理论基础。     

Isolation and identification of cultivable lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented milk of Tibet in China

One hundred and seventy‐one strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 44 traditional fermented milk samples from different region of Tibet. Among these samples, the concentrations of lactic acid bacteria varied from 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁹ colony forming unit/mL. The ratio of rod bacteria (71.3%) was higher than that of cocci (28.7%), and was considered to be the major population. Lactobacillus fermentum (31%) and Lactobacillus casei (28%) were the most predominant species among all these isolates. This study systematically analysed the microbial composition of traditional fermented milk in China, which may become a valuable source for further starter selection.     

Potential of functional strains, isolated from traditional Maasai milk, as starters for the production of fermented milks

The purpose of this research was the evaluation of technological features and of the ability of functional LAB strains with desirable sensory characteristics, to produce fermented milk. Eight strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis, isolated from Maasai traditional fermented milk in Kenya and previously tested for their probiotic properties, were selected for this investigation. Technological features such as growth kinetics in fresh heat-treated whole milk medium and survival in the final product during storage at 4 degrees C, were studied. The strains Lb. acidophilus BFE 6,059, Lb. paracasei BFE 5,264 and Lc. lactis BFE 6,049 showed the best potential and were thus selected for use as starter cultures in further trials with the objective to improve their technological performance and to optimise the sensory features of fermented milk obtained. The effects of fat (F), non-fat milk solids (S) and fermentation temperature (T), modulated according to a Central Composite Design, on fermentation rates and viability losses during refrigerated storage of the chosen starters, and on product texture parameters, were studied. From the data analysis, it was possible to select optimum conditions for enhancing positive sensory traits of final products and for improving the survival of these potentially probiotic cultures.     

传统发酵酸驼乳中乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

对新疆和蒙古国牧民家庭制作的传统发酵酸驼乳中的乳酸菌和酵母菌进行了计数和分离。4份酸驼乳中乳酸菌和酵母菌的数量分别为6.45×107～1.13×109mL-1和7.75×102～4.6×107mL-1。从4份酸驼乳中分离到13株乳酸菌和7株酵母菌。采用传统分类鉴定方法对乳酸菌进行鉴定,鉴定结果为L.helveticus4株(占总分离株的30.8%),L.caseisubsp.pseudoplantarum和L.dellbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricu各2株(15.4%),L.curvatus、Ped.acidilactici、Ped.urinaeequi和Enterococcusfaecalis各1株(7.7%)。此外,还有1株乳酸菌按目前的鉴定方法无法准确判断其归属。     

发酵乳球菌菌株的分离鉴定

对9株发酵乳球菌菌株进行MRS固体平板培养基划线分离和形态学比较观察，井采用生化试验和RAPD对其进行鉴定。划线分离得到11株菌：通过菌体常规磷钨酸负染色标本的透射电镜观察，描述了各菌体的大小、形状以及裂殖方式；依据各菌种生化代谢差异设计生化试验．得到了2个发酵型，将其鉴定为2个菌群（乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和嗜热链球菌）；20个随机引物的RAPD筛选得到了9个不同的基因型．将其鉴定为9株细菌。     

传统发酵饮料博扎中酵母菌的分离和鉴定

实验从新疆伊宁市采集的3个博扎样品中分离纯化,得到了12株酵母菌,并对其进行属的鉴定：包括形态学和生化鉴定。依据《酵母菌的特征与鉴定手册》和《The yeast: a taxonomic study》将其归入3个属,其中隐球酵母属（Cryptococcus）5株、酿酒酵母属（Scerevisiae）3株、假丝酵母属（Candida）4株。     

甘肃肃南牧区传统发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

以5份甘肃肃南牧区传统发酵乳制品为原料进行乳酸菌的分离和鉴定,共分离出25株乳酸菌。对其中23株产乳酸的菌株利用形态、生理生化分析和碳水化合物发酵产酸实验进行鉴定。经鉴定得出23株分属为4个属,11个种。其中乳杆菌属[Lactobacillus(L.)]11株,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)6株,明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)3株,肠球菌属(Enterococcus)3株。具体来说,L.plantarum6株、L.fermentum2株、L.brevis1株、L.minor2株、L.lactis subsp.lactis3株、L.lactis subsp.cermoris3株、L.mesenteroides1株、L.lactis2株、E.faecium1株、E.faecalis1株、E.durans1株。L.plantarum占分离菌株的26.1%,是优势菌株。      

传统发酵蓝莓饮料中酵母菌的分离鉴定及筛选

该研究从传统发酵蓝莓饮料中分离、筛选出发酵性能优异的酵母菌,旨在为蓝莓相关产业的深加工提供理论依据。采用Ion S5 XL测序平台对样品中真菌ITS 1区进行高通量测序,发现德克酵母（Dekkera）为主要发酵菌属,相对丰度为89.3%。通过分离鉴定共得到30株酵母菌,与ITS数据库比对,其中5株菌株与相对丰度排名前10的酵母菌的操作分类单元（OTU）代表序列相似度为100%。进一步根据产气、产乙醇能力测试及在发酵蓝莓果汁中生长状态最终筛选得到2株酵母菌,菌株编号为YA1和YB8,适用于蓝莓发酵产品的开发。     

西藏灵菇发酵乳中优势菌群的分离鉴定

通过对西藏灵菇菌块的电镜扫描观察和发酵乳液中微生物的分离、纯化及生理生化鉴定,确定了西藏灵菇发酵乳中的优势菌群为乳酸球菌、乳酸杆菌、酵母菌和醋酸菌。其中乳球菌归为5个种属,分别为粪肠球菌、坚强肠球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、假肠膜明串珠菌、类肠膜明串珠菌;乳杆菌归为3个种属,分别为短乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌;酵母菌归为4个属,分别为酵母属、酒香酵母属、假丝酵母属、类酵母属;醋酸菌鉴定为恶臭醋杆菌。     

Enumeration and identification of yeasts isolated from Zimbabwean traditional fermented milk

The yeasts in 30 samples of the Zimbabwean traditional fermented milk, amasi, taken from farms, households and milk collection centres were enumerated and identified. The yeast counts ranged from <2 to 8.08 log cfu g⁻¹. Yeast isolates were identified using the API ID 32°C test kits and the simplified identification method (SIM) as well as with reference to the standard taxonomic keys. From the 30 samples, a total of 20 different yeast species were identified. Saccharomyces (S) cerevisiae (22 isolates), Candida (C) lusitaniae (11), C. colliculosa (7) and S. dairenensis (7) were the predominant species identified. Dekera (Dek.) bruxillensis, C. lipolytica and C. tropicalis were identified less often. Seven of the S. cerevisiae isolates were able to assimilatedl-lactate. The strain of C. kefyr isolated could assimilate lactose anddl-lactate, but not citrate. The analysed amasi samples contained a wide variety of yeasts, but only a few species predominated and these could possibly contribute to the characteristics of the fermented milk in the 48 h fermentation.     

新疆传统发酵酸奶中酵母菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从新疆塔城地区哈萨克族不同牧场家庭中自然发酵牛乳采集18份样品,从中分离筛选得到47株酵母菌,并进行形态鉴定、生理生化鉴定、聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）,26S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,构建系统发育树。结果表明,47株菌中包括库德毕赤酵母（Pichia kudriavzevii）18株,阿萨希丝孢酵母菌（Trichosporon asahii）10株,酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）7株,丝孢酵母（Trichosporon coremiiforme）4株,马克斯克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces marxianus）4株,东方伊萨酵母（Issatchenkia orientalis）2株,发酵毕赤酵母（Pichia fermentans）1株,近平滑假丝酵母（Candida parapsilosis）1株。鉴定结果对进一步认识并利用哈萨克族传统发酵酸奶中酵母菌资源具有重要意义。     

湘西传统酸肉乳酸菌分离、筛选及鉴定

采用透明圈法对湘西传统酸肉中具有优良发酵特性的乳酸菌进行初筛,以发酵特性为复选指标,并进行人工强化发酵,从中筛选得到1株产酸快、发酵特性好、符合产业化生产的优势米酒乳杆菌。     

传统发酵霉豆渣中产酶优势菌的分离鉴定及性质研究

以梧州霉豆渣为对象,筛选出1株产生蛋白酶和纤维素酶的菌株,经过反接种验证,该菌能较好地发酵豆渣,形成与霉豆渣相似的质地和风味。以菌株在PDA上的菌落特征、菌丝形态、产孢结构及其孢子形态等的鉴定为基础,结合ITS序列分析,确定该株菌为粗糙脉孢菌。采用菌丝体生长量干重为主要衡量指标进行菌种生理特性研究,确定该菌对数生长期在0³6 h,最适生长温度为2836 h,最适生长温度为28³2℃,最适生长pH值为6。     

三种传统发酵食品中酵母菌的分离鉴定与特性分析

从红茶菌、藏灵菇及酸菜3种传统发酵食品中分离、鉴定酵母菌,并测定其产乙醇能力及生长性能。结果表明,从3种传统发酵食品中分离出9株酵母菌,包括3株马克斯克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces marxianus）、1株Starmerella davenportii、3株异常假丝酵母（Candida incommunis）及2株瑟氏哈萨克斯坦酵母（Kazachstania servazzii）。马克斯克鲁维酵母X1-1和X3-3可发酵葡萄糖、蔗糖和乳糖,其他酵母菌株只发酵葡萄糖。3株马克斯克鲁维酵母产乙醇力较弱,分别为29.8%vol、42.6%vol及29.6%vol,但生长速率快且活菌数高,其中菌株X1-2约6 h时进入对数期,约30 h时达到最大生物量（OD600 nm=6.152）,而其他3种酵母则生长缓慢。异常假丝酵母R5-2和瑟氏哈萨克斯坦酵母M2-2产乙醇能力较强,分别为75.8%vol和71.0%vol。     

自然发酵酸豆角中优势乳酸菌的分离鉴定和生长特性研究

在自然发酵的酸豆角中筛选优势乳酸菌,并对其生长特性进行研究.在自然发酵酸豆角中筛选得到一株明串珠菌.该菌株在温度为20℃～45℃,氯化钠浓度为0%～7%,蔗糖浓度为0%～5%情况下生长良好;其代谢产物具有明显的抑菌作用.     

芬兰传统发酵乳制品viili中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌性的研究

本文对芬兰传统发酵乳制品viili中的乳酸菌进行了分离鉴定,从中分离出1株乳酸菌并通过形态特征观察、糖发酵实验、API 50 CHL试纸条及16S rRNA序列测定对所分离的菌种进行鉴定,采用牛津杯的方法对分离的菌种及其胞外多糖的抑菌性进行了研究,结果表明所分离得到的乳酸菌为副干酪乳杆菌,且该菌种的发酵液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑菌效果,对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径达到29.02mm,为进一步开发viili的保健功能奠定了基础。      

芬兰传统发酵乳制品viili中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌性的研究

本文对芬兰传统发酵乳制品viili中的乳酸菌进行了分离鉴定,从中分离出1株乳酸菌并通过形态特征观察、糖发酵实验、API 50 CHL试纸条及16S rRNA序列测定对所分离的菌种进行鉴定,采用牛津杯的方法对分离的菌种及其胞外多糖的抑菌性进行了研究,结果表明所分离得到的乳酸菌为副干酪乳杆菌,且该菌种的发酵液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑菌效果,对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径达到29.02mm,为进一步开发viili的保健功能奠定了基础。     

Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from yan-jiang (fermented ginger), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Yan‐jiang (fermented ginger) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in yan‐jiang has not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from yan‐jiang were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 176 LAB were isolated; 160 cultures were isolated from yan‐jiang samples and 16 cultures were isolated from raw ginger. These isolates were characterised phenotypically and then divided into nine groups (A to I) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Lactobacillus sakei and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were the major LAB found in the initial 2 days of fermentation without pickled plums; these species were mostly replaced by Weissella cibaria and L. plantarum after 3 days of fermentation. In the fermentation bucket with added pickled plums, W. cibaria was the most abundant LAB found during fermentation. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined. Twenty‐four Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and 19 W. cibaria strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain L. sakei JCM 1157^T. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that various LAB species were more numerous when fermentation was carried out without pickled plums. LAB also had effects on the aroma and flavour of yan‐jiang. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry