Study on a catalytic distillation column with a novel internal

A novel internal for holding a catalyst in a catalytic distillation column was studied and its feasibility was verified by a model reaction, which is the alkylation of benzene with propylene over Hβ zeolite catalyst. The novel internal enlarges the void of the catalyst bed and provides the gas and liquid flow channels. It was proved that the catalytic distillation column with the novel internal has such advantages as simple structure, low operating cost, convenience for loading and unloading catalyst, and large catalyst loading fraction. It was found that the operational capability of the column with the novel internal whose volume fraction is about 30% is similar to that of a column filled with catalysts mixed with Cannon rings whose volume fraction is about 80%. It was also found that compared with the fixed-bed bubble reactor, the selectivity of cumene and the conversion of benzene are significantly improved in the CD (Catalytic Distillation) column with the internal.     

Kinetics of acetic acid esterification over ion exchange catalysts

Computer simulation showed that catalytic distillation is an attractive process for the removal of dilute acetic acid from wastewater. Selection of catalysts and kinetic data have been obtained for the design of the catalytic distillation column. Kinetic measurements were conducted in a batch reactor. Methanol was added to the dilute acetic acid solutions and reacted with the acid in water to form methyl acetate and water. The reaction can be catalyzed by solid acid catalysts. It was found that Amberlyst 15 was an effective catalyst for this reaction. The effects of stirrer speed, reaction temperature, reactant concentration and catalyst loading on reaction rate were investigated. A complete kinetic equation for describing the reaction catalyzed by Amberlyst 15 was developed. This equation can be used in the simulation and design of the catalytic distillation column for removing acetic acid from wastewater.     

合成异丙苯的烷基化与烷基转移催化精馏

分别对苯与丙烯烷基化合成异丙苯的固定床和悬浮床精馏塔进行了模拟计算.结果表明,采用这两种催化精馏塔,均能在一个塔内同时实现烷基化与烷基转移反应.指出悬浮床催化精馏由于其独特的优点因而具有更强的竞争力.     

Characteristics of the reactive distillation column with a novel internal

A new catalyst loading method, in which catalyst particles are packed in a reactor with a novel internal, has been studied by measuring pressure drop, RTD, liquid holdup and mass transfer. It can be inferred from experimental results that the internal changes the conventional gas and liquid counter-current flow into a new cross-current flow, so the problems of excessive pressure drop and “flooding” are avoided. When pressure drop, liquid holdup, RTD and mass transfer coefficient are similar, the catalyst loading fraction of the new method is much higher than that of conventional methods. Furthermore, the reactive distillation reactor with the novel internal has advantages such as simple structure, low operating cost, and convenience for installation and removal of the catalyst.     

悬浮床催化蒸馏新工艺合成异丙苯

以丙烯与苯烷基化合成异丙苯作为模型反应 ,对悬浮床催化蒸馏新工艺进行了初步探索 .结果表明 ,只要选择合适的催化剂 ,新工艺不仅能够稳定运转 ,而且可在常压、低温和低苯烯比的条件下取得高转化率、高选择性的较好反应结果 .     

催化精馏合成异丙苯过程催化剂装填结构研究

为考察不同催化剂装填结构对催化精馏合成异丙苯过程的影响 ,在热态反应器中进行苯烃化催化精馏合成异丙苯的研究。反应器直径为 3 0mm ,高 2 0 0 0mm ,所用催化剂为 β改性沸石分子筛。操作压力0 .7MPa ,温度 43 0— 480K ,苯质量空速 4— 6h- 1 ,苯烯摩尔比 1.1— 2 .2 ,回流比 9— 2 0。催化剂装填结构由不锈钢填料与催化剂颗粒组成 ,三种装填结构的空隙率分别为 85 .1% ,81.6%和 79.4%。结果表明 ,对于异丙苯合成体系 ,装填结构对催化精馏的总体效果起决定性影响。在催化剂装填总量不变的前提下 ,异丙苯的选择性与丙烯的转化率均随催化剂装填结构空隙率的提高而提高。在优化条件下 ,异丙苯的选择性达97% ,丙烯转化率接近 10 0 %。催化剂装填结构对异丙苯选择性的影响比对丙烯转化率的影响更显著     

催化精馏合成乙酸乙酯的工业试验

以固体酸为催化剂,在中试催化精馏塔中进行了乙酸与乙醇反应制备乙酸乙酯的工业试验,试验塔的精馏段塔径为600 mm,内装陶瓷规整填料,反应精馏段塔径为1 000mm,内装7层立体催化精馏塔板.采用连续操作,考察了不同的回流比、釜酸质量分数、进料流量对反应和分离过程的影响,同时测定了塔板上气液相质量分数的分布.通过试验得到...     

催化蒸馏元件的流体力学性能

采用内径为206 mm的有机玻璃塔,在常温常压条件下,以空气和水为介质,对一种新型的反应液渗流式催化蒸馏元件进体力学实验研究,并研究了气相流通截面分率和固体催化剂在元件内装填高度对流体力学参数的影响;利用最小二乘法回归实验数据得到了床层压降、动持液量及泛点气速的预测关联式,各关联式误差均在±4.5%以内,可作为工业设计的参考依据。     

乙烯和苯催化精馏合成乙苯过程非平衡级模拟

对苯与乙烯合成乙苯的催化精馏过程建立了非平衡级模型 .在计算中对方程进行了一定程度的简化 ,并对变量的取值范围进行了一定的约束 ,使牛顿型法适用性增强 .得到了催化精馏塔内的温度及液相组成分布 .模拟结果与试验结果比较吻合     

树脂环催化剂在乙酸甲酯催化水解精馏中的应用

用压制的离子交换树脂环催化剂在催化精馏塔中进行了乙酸甲酯水解的实验研究,获得了水解转化率及沿塔高浓度分布的稳态结果。采用基于传递理论的非平衡级模型对催化水解精馏过程进行模拟,得到了与实测数据吻合妨好的模拟结果。并与前期工作以均相阳离子交换膜为催化剂所得的测定结果进行了对比,考察了新型催化剂填料－树脂压制环的优越性。     

直接精馏法提取纤维素乙醇

采用直接精馏法研究了高固含量(质量分数)、高黏度的玉米秸秆发酵醪液的精馏工艺,设计了带搅拌桨的不锈钢筛板-填料精馏塔,确定了固含量为11.56%的发酵醪液的幂律模型本构方程,进而得到塔釜中发酵醪液的黏度和搅拌桨转速的关系。在进料量为2.7 L/h、进料体积分数为10%左右、进料温度为30℃、操作压力为常压的条件下,考察了进料位置、回流比、搅拌桨转速等操作条件对纤维素乙醇精馏的影响。实验结果表明:第27块塔板进料、操作回流比5.0、搅拌桨转速36 r/min为最佳操作条件,塔顶乙醇收率可达到99%以上。     

新型催化蒸馏塔在合成甲基叔丁基醚中的应用

分析了已有的合成MTBE催化蒸馏塔结构,同时构思了新型填料式催化蒸馏塔.在模拟催化蒸馏试验装置上,利用YLQ-1型"异形”树脂催化剂进行了合成MTBE研究,获得了反应温度、液空速、回流比等有关工艺条件数据.     

Pt/Pt-Ce/γ-Al2O3催化氧化甲苯研究

通过等体积浸渍法制备单贵金属Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和双金属Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察Ce对催化剂活性的影响,确定催化剂最优配比。结果表明,当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.5%时,Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化活性最高;当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.2%,Ce的负载量为质量分数1.0%时,Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性最高。Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的甲苯转化率高于Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。随着Pt负载量增大,催化剂孔容、孔径减小。粉体式催化剂性能优于整体式催化剂,但差别不大;Ce的添加有助于催化剂活性的提升。     

催化精馏合成醋酸甲酯的研究

以强酸型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,在直径为40 mm的填料塔内对催化精馏合成醋酸甲酯进行了研究。实验塔的三段填料高度分别为810、270、450 mm,填料段之间放置直径为60 mm、高度为175 mm的2节催化剂床层,并在塔釜放置催化剂。采用连续操作,着重考察了醇酸进料摩尔比、醋酸进料位置、甲醇进料位置和回流比对催化精馏合成醋酸甲酯的影响。在选定实验条件下,塔顶醋酸甲酯的质量分数可达到98.43%,醋酸的转化率达到99.13%。     

Reactive distillation with KATAPAK

KATAPAK-SP and -S are structured catalytic packings for reactive distillation or gas–liquid reactors available from laboratory to industrial scale. Applying the KATAPAK-SP concept, the ratio of catalyst volume fraction to separation efficiency can be varied over a wide range, therefore the design of a reactive distillation column can be further optimized to fit each reaction system best.

Pressure drop, separation efficiency, dynamic liquid hold-up and residence time distribution have been investigated for KATAPAK-SP in a diameter of 250 mm. Results for different gas and liquid loads are presented. The findings are compared with results for the structured laboratory scale packing KATAPAK-S and the industrial scale packing KATAPAK-S 170.Y.

The dehydration of tert-butyl alcohol was selected as a sample reaction to illustrate the influence of different catalytic structures on the performance of the reactive distillation column. The setups are compared with respect to dimensions and economics.     

Activity evaluation of a catalytic distillation packing for MTBE production

The octane enhancer methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) can be produced very efficiently from methanol and isobutene in a reactive distillation column where the heterogeneous catalyst also acts as distillation packing. Some mathematical models have been published for the simulation of such a process but they focus on the physical transport processes between the vapour and liquid phases. However, the aim of this paper is to analyze the importance of the internal and external multicomponent mass and heat transfer phenomena on the catalyst under boiling conditions. Therefore, experiments were carried out in a reactive distillation column at different compositions of feed, column pressures and reflux ratios using a Raschig ring shaped acidic ion exchange resin as the catalyst. The temperature and composition of the liquid phase entering and leaving the catalytic column section were measured. These data were used to evaluate the effectiveness factor of the catalyst with a rigorous macrokinetic model. It is shown that the effectiveness factor varies significantly along the column length. Under certain operating conditions, decomposition of MTBE can occur accompanied by boiling processes inside the catalyst macropores.     

浆料催化精馏新工艺制备MTBE

以甲醇与水合成MTBE为模型反应,采用平均直径为4μm的强酸性大孔型离子交换树脂为催化剂,对浆料催化精馏新工艺进行初步探索。本文考察了催化剂浓度、操作压力、进料组成等因素对该催化精馏过程的影响。结果表明,新工艺不仅能稳定操作,在本文的实验条件下甲醇转化率可达99 7%。     

催化精馏合成乙二醇乙醚的研究

催化精馏是将固体催化剂布于精馏塔内,它既加速了化学反应,又可作为分离过程的传质表面。本文研究了在内径为35mm的不锈钢塔中,用NKC—01催化剂从乙醇和环氧乙烷合成乙二醇乙醚(单醚)的过程,详细考察了进料比,操作压力,处理量等因素对过程的影响,找到的适宜条件为:进料比(乙醇/环氧乙烷)=6～8(摩尔);处理量为104.0Nm~3环氧乙烷/h(m~3催化剂);操作压力=2.35×10~5Pa。在此条件下乙二醇乙醚对环氧乙烷的收率为90％(mol);环氧乙烷的单程收率为93％;乙二醇乙醚的选择性为97％。为考察塔内的流体力学条件对催化反应的影响,在搅拌容器中测定了过程的反应动力学。为保证此搅拌容器中的液体流速接近塔内操作条件下的流速,以确定适宜的搅拌器转速,我们用DANTEC MODEL 2020激光测速仪测定了不同搅拌器转速下容器中液体的流速。通过研究可以看出:在塔内的操作条件下,与化学反应相比,扩散阻力可以被忽略。     

醋酸甲酯水解动力学及催化剂包效率因子的测定

测定了用SK—1A离子交换树脂催化的醋酸甲酯水解的宏观动力学,设计了能反映流体在催化剂包中实际流动情况的循环式间歇恒温反应流程,测定了醋酸甲酯水解催化精馏中试塔所用催化剂捆扎包的效率因子,并得到效率因子与液体流量和进料水酯摩尔比的关联式．     

Carbon-based nanostructured catalyst for biodiesel production by catalytic distillation

A promising carbon-based nanostructured catalyst was prepared via the following four steps: (1) thermal decomposition of organometallic compound (C₁₀H₁₄CoO₄) on 304 stainless steel substrate, (2) cracking of benzene to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the substrate using Co particle catalyst, (3) sulfurizing CNTs with Na₂S_x, and (4) oxidating the sulfurized CNTs with hydrogen peroxide. The as-prepared carbon-based catalyst was characterized by spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy etc. The monolithic catalyst can serve as appropriate filler for a catalytic distillation column. Catalytic activity was examined by catalyzing the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol to biodiesel in the catalytic distillation column.