锥形磨浆机磨片用新型马氏体不锈钢的组织性能

针对锥形磨浆机磨片的工作条件和失效分析,设计制备了一种低碳马氏体不锈钢Fe-0.04C-15Cr-3Ni-0.5Mo-0.1Nb。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及硬度、冲击和摩损试验等方法研究了热处理工艺对试验钢显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢在940~1100℃之间加热保温1 h后空冷淬火,显微组织为板条马氏体和均匀分布的细小颗粒状含Nb的MC型碳化物,随加热温度的升高原始奥氏体晶粒逐渐长大,MC型碳化物颗粒减少,硬度在1020℃达到最大值45.2 HRC;经1020℃淬火550~750℃之间回火后,随回火温度的升高,在原奥氏体晶界和板条界析出M23C6型碳化物,硬度先减小后增大,韧性先增大后减小,700℃回火时,冲击吸收功达到最大值102.8 J,硬度达到最小值33 HRC,750℃回火时,由于开始形成奥氏体和M23C6型碳化物的溶解,回火后的空冷过程中奥氏体又形成马氏体,使硬度升高,冲击吸收功降低,在550~700℃之间回火,试验钢的耐磨性随回火温度的升高而降低。     

Nb、V微合金钢筋高温热塑性及奥氏体长大规律

在实验室采用Gleeble 3500与箱式电阻炉分别对试验钢的高温热塑性及奥氏体晶粒长大规律进行了测试,研究了Nb对V微合金化高强钢筋高温热塑性与奥氏体长大规律的影响。结果表明：Nb的加入使V微合金化高强度钢筋的高温低塑性区扩大至1035 ℃,并使800~1000 ℃范围内的塑性减小,但对650 ℃以下的塑性有所改善。奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸变化曲线表明,与保温时间相比,加热温度对晶粒尺寸的影响更大;不含Nb试验钢奥氏体晶粒异常长大的温度为1050 ℃,含Nb试验钢奥氏体晶粒异常长大的温度为1100 ℃;当加热温度≥1050 ℃时,含Nb试验钢的晶粒尺寸比不含Nb试验钢细小,减小20 μm左右。     

淬火工艺对低合金耐磨钢组织与力学性能的影响

选用不含Nb钢和含Nb(质量分数,0.021%)钢作为试验材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、布氏硬度测试、冲击和拉伸等试验手段研究试验钢轧制后在不同温度加热淬火+回火及850℃在线淬火+不同温度回火两种热处理工艺下的组织和综合性能。结果表明:再加热淬火+回火工艺下,含Nb钢随淬火温度的提高,强度和韧性都有所提高,在950℃淬火+200℃回火处理下综合性能最佳,其强度为1843 MPa,硬度值为567 HBW,-20℃下的冲击吸收能量为31 J,符合NM500的标准;在线淬火+回火工艺下随着回火温度的提高,试验钢的综合性能降低,但含Nb钢的性能都高于相同条件下的不含Nb钢。含Nb钢在850℃在线淬火+200℃回火处理下综合性能最佳,其强度为1818 MPa,硬度值为562 HBW,-20℃下的冲击吸收能量为30 J,同样达到了NM500的标准。     

Nb微合金化对高碳钢奥氏体晶粒生长的影响

研究了含Nb高碳钢在高温均热阶段Nb对奥氏体晶粒生长的影响。结果表明,含Nb高碳钢在高温阶段的晶粒生长有两个阶段,奥氏体化温度低于临界温度Tc≈1150℃时,为缓慢增长阶段,奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化很小,当奥氏体化温度高于Tc时,为快速生长阶段,晶粒直径随温度增加十分迅速;含Nb钢奥氏体晶粒快速长大的起始温度与弥散在基体中铌碳氮析出相数量有关,由高温阶段溶解于奥氏体中Nb数量所决定;奥氏体异常晶粒生长的临界析出粒径为一定值,不取决于加热前的析出状态。     

Nb对高碳钢高温回火组织与性能的影响

通过在不同温度高温回火,研究了回火温度对含Nb高碳钢力学性能的影响;对比分析在演变过程中Nb对其组织与性能的影响.结果表明:高碳淬火组织为板条马氏体和孪晶马氏体,随回火温度的升高,逐渐转变为大尺寸的渗碳体+等轴铁素体.强度和硬度都随回火温度升高而逐渐降低,而伸长率和断面收缩率则随回火温度的升高而逐渐增大;含Nb高碳钢的塑性和强度都要优于不含Nb的高碳钢.原因是添加Nb可以通过细化晶粒(原奥氏体晶粒和马氏体亚结构尺寸、再结晶铁素体晶粒大小)、抑制位错回复提高位错密度的形式提高强度,同时也因细化晶粒,促进碳化物析出而提高塑性.     

Nb微合金化对18CrNiMo7-6钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

对比研究了含Nb和不含Nb的18CrNiMo7-6试验钢在加热温度(900~1100 ℃)和保温时间(1~8 h)下的奥氏体晶粒长大行为,建立了两种试验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大的数学模型。结果表明,随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,试验钢的奥氏体晶粒逐渐长大,相同加热条件下18CrNiMo7-6-Nb钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸要小于18CrNiMo7-6钢。将试验钢的晶粒长大过程分为抑制长大阶段(900~1000 ℃)和自由长大阶段(1000~1100 ℃),分别建立了适用于含Nb和不含Nb的两种18CrNiMo7-6试验钢的晶粒长大数学模型。     

热处理工艺对大马士革VG10钢组织和性能的影响

以大马士革VG10钢为研究对象,通过显微组织观察、SEM分析、力学性能测定和耐腐蚀性试验等研究了淬火温度、保温时间、冷却方式以及回火温度对VG10钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随淬火加热温度增加,马氏体中的碳含量增加,硬度提高。淬火加热温度超过1075℃,晶粒尺寸增大、残留奥氏体增多,硬度、耐蚀性下降; VG10钢在回火过程中会出现二次淬火和二次硬化现象,回火温度为200℃时,硬度值最高为61. 8 HRC; VG10钢最优热处理工艺为:1075℃×20 min,油淬,200℃×2 h回火,空冷。     

基于07MnNiMoDR钢热处理工艺窗口的热处理工艺

研究了07MnNiMoDR钢淬火和回火制度与晶粒尺寸和多边形铁素体含量的关系,建立了淬火保温时奥氏体尺寸窗口和回火保温时多边形铁素体含量窗口,确定了更为精准的热处理工艺。结果表明:奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的升高、保温时间的延长而变大,均匀性存在最佳区间,合理的淬火制度为加热温度(940±10) ℃保温(80±10) min;随回火温度升高,约650 ℃出现多边形铁素体,其含量随回火温度的升高、保温时间的延长而增加,合理的回火制度为:加热温度(665±5) ℃、保温时间(165±15) min。优选后最佳热处理工艺为940 ℃×80 min淬火和660 ℃×180 min回火,最终性能测试结果表明:伸长率、冲击吸收能量和屈服强度相比国标分别提升了40.88%、206.25%和12.1%。     

合金钢拉杆的松弛和冲击性能研究

通过淬火、传统回火和感应回火的方法,研究了不同热处理工艺下钢拉杆的硬度、松弛性能和冲击性能,并对冲击断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,无论是传统回火还是感应回火,钢拉杆的硬度都有所降低,传统回火和感应回火下钢拉杆的硬度都随着加热时间的延长而减小;钢拉杆在900℃×1 h淬火+580℃×1 min感应回火后可以取得最佳的松弛性能和冲击性能。     

Nb对H13钢组织及冲击性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、EDS、相分析、硬度测试和冲击性能试验等分析手段,对比研究Nb含量为0、0.067%和0.270%(质量分数)的H13试验钢淬回火后的组织及力学性能。结果表明,加入Nb后试验钢淬火硬度有所下降;淬火温度提高后,含Nb试验钢的晶粒尺寸小于0Nb试验钢,但含Nb试验钢中存在部分未溶碳化物;3种试验钢回火后的二次硬化峰均出现在510 ℃。经1050 ℃淬火、不同温度回火后,0.067Nb试验钢的冲击吸收能量高于0Nb试验钢。0.27Nb试验钢受到大尺寸碳化物的影响,淬火温度在1080 ℃以下时,冲击吸收能量不及另两种试验钢。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。