基于改进轮廓波变换的SAR图像增强

针对轮廓波变换（contourlet transform）中进行拉普拉斯金字塔分解时,所得的带通图像在奇异性点附近产生振荡,影响图像去噪的效果,提出一种改进的轮廓波变换。通过改进拉普拉斯金字塔分解,可消除轮廓波变换带通图像边缘附近的震荡。提出了基于改进轮廓波变换的SAR图像增强算法。实验结果表明,该算法在有效抑制SAR图像噪声的同时,较好地保持了图像边缘细节。     

基于剪切波和改进P-M扩散的图像去噪

针对多尺度几何分析方法去噪时产生的伪Gibbs效应和各向异性扩散模型产生的阶梯效应,提出一种基于剪切波的改进各向异性扩散图像去噪方法。首先对噪声图像进行剪切波变换得到不同尺度的系数矩阵,然后利用改进的各向异性扩散方程对变换后的系数进行处理,实现建立在对图像精细分析基础上的各向异性扩散模型。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地抑制噪声和保持边缘,同时有效地抑制伪Gibbs效应,取得良好的视觉效果。     

基于贝叶斯估计的改进Contourlet变换的SAR图像滤波

针对小波变换和轮廓波变换在合成孔径雷达(Synthetic aperture radar, SAR)图像中去噪应用的不足,结合小波变换和轮廓波变换的优点,将小波变换与轮廓波变换相结合,提出一种改进轮廓波变换方法。首先将待处理图像进行小波变换,然后对低频子带图像进行重建,得到一个细节子带图像,然后使用方向滤波器组对其进行多方向划分。再采用贝叶斯最大后验概率估计对划分后的方向子带信号进行估计。实验结果表明此方法在抑制图像斑点噪声的同时,很好的保持了均匀区域的辐射特性,保持了图像中的边缘以及细小纹理,且没有人为畸变。此外算法的高频子带图像含有更为丰富的纹理,对于边缘特征的提取非常有益。     

一种改进的非下采样轮廓波变换图像去噪算法

优化图像去噪问题,在非下采样轮廓波变换图像去噪中,收缩阈值的确定仅依赖变换子带系数的幅值,使得过多图像系数和噪声系数一并去除,导致滤波图像模糊。从检测变换子带几何结构出发,引入自蛇模型对子带系数作几何结构检测并抑制噪声后,估计双阈值将子带系数划分为三类并作不同处理,实现对噪声系数的去除和对图像系数的保护。实验结果表明,相对现有典型算法,改进算法获得的峰值信噪比提高了0.1-0.9dB,图像系数被更好识别和保留,滤波图像中边缘与区域细节损失减少,提高去噪效果,保留图像的有效信息。     

非负矩阵分解和新轮廓波变换的图像融合

为提高融合图像保留源图像的信息量和边缘特征,提出了非负矩阵分解和新轮廓波变换的图像融合算法。以具有尖锐频率局部化特征的新轮廓波对循环平移后的源图像进行分解;运用非负矩阵分解实现低通子带融合,采用能量方差测度函数和匹配度函数实现带通子带融合;对各子带信号重构并逆循环平移,得到融合图像。实验结果分析表明,该方法保留了更多的信息量和边缘细节特征,应用效果较好。     

基于改进轮廓波变换的图像去噪算法

在轮廓波变换中进行拉普拉斯金字塔分解时,所得的带通图像在奇异性点附近产生振荡,影响了图像去噪的效果。针对该问题,提出一种改进的拉普拉斯金字塔分解,可消除边缘附近的震荡。利用改进的拉普拉斯金字塔实现轮廓波变换,并对图像进行自适应去噪。实验结果表明,该算法所得的峰值信噪比较轮廓波变换自适应去噪算法有显著提高,且视觉效果有较大改善。     

各向异性扩散的遥感图像边缘增强方法

为解决遥感图像边缘增强过程中辨识弱边缘和噪声的问题,提出一种改进的模糊各向异性边缘增强方法。根据非下采样轮廓波变换系数分布特征,获得像素几何结构信息;并基于各像素在不同子带的系数分布特征和噪声方差,分析其均值和最大值的模糊隶属度;利用模糊推理计算扩散系数,更好地控制各向异性扩散过程。实验结果显示,该方法具有更好的边缘增强和抑噪性能,能有效地辨识弱边缘和降低时间复杂度。     

圆对称轮廓波变换的构造

提出了具有类似于视皮层变换频带划分的圆对称轮廓波变换.在该变换中,圆对称滤波器组将图像分解为多个不同分辨率的细节子带和一个低频子带,方向滤波器组再将各细节子带分解为方向子带.文中利用遗传算法设计满足重构要求的圆对称滤波器组,应用伯恩斯坦多项式设计的映射函数将9/7双正交滤波器组映射为扇形滤波器组.利用自适应阈值法对Lena图像去噪的实验结果表明,两种圆对称轮廓波变换（CSCT1和CSCT2）的去噪性能与轮廓波变换相比有显著提高.     

基于平稳小波域的各向异性扩散图像去噪方法

针对传统的各向异性扩散去噪方法存在的导致图像细节丢失的问题,提出了一种基于平稳小波域的各向异性扩散图像去噪方法。该方法根据平稳小波变换的特性,通过在高频和低频子带上选用不同的梯度门限进行各向异性扩散,然后进行重构得到去噪后的结果图像。实验结果表明,该方法在有效去除噪声的同时,图像细节保留较好,去噪后的图像具有更好的质量。     

图像有损压缩预处理的各向异性扩散新方案

结合小波变换,提出了图像有损压缩预处理的各向异性扩散方案。各向异性扩散在图像平滑中,其不但能够较好地抑制噪声,而且能够很好地保留图像原有的边缘和纹理特征,而小波变换又具有人类的视觉特性。该方案先对图像作小波变换,再根据各子图像的特点,用不同的各向异性扩散方法处理子图,最后压缩重构图像。实验表明,对有损压缩来讲,与已有的方法比较,该方案具有更好的解码质量和更高的压缩比。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.