A revised class play method of peer assessment.

Presents a revised version of the class play (RCP) method of peer assessment for children, which was designed to improve the assessment of social competence as well as the psychometric properties of the class play method. The RCP consists of 30 roles, 15 positive and 15 negative, that 612 3rd–6th graders were told to assign to their classmates according to which classmate would play the role best. Ss were also rated by their teachers on the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale and were administered the Peabody Individual Achievement Test, the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the WISC—R, and the Duncan Socioeconomic Index. Three RCP scores were derived based on factor analysis that revealed 3 dimensions: Sociability-Leadership, Aggressive-Disruptive, and Sensitive-Isolated. Data are presented relating the 3 scores, which proved to be reliable and stable at intervals of 6 and 17 mo, to SES, IQ, achievement, and teacher ratings. Positive reputation was associated with other aspects of social and intellectual competence, whereas isolated reputation was linked to difficulties at school. Multiple regression analyses suggested that a pattern of low-positive, high aggressive-disruptive, and high-isolated peer reputation is the least competent. The advantages of multidimensional scoring and analysis of peer reputation are demonstrated by the results. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A revised psychoanalytic conception of schizophrenia: An interdisciplinary update.

The psychoanalytic conception and treatment of schizophrenia is in need of fundamental revision because of (a) refinements in nosology which have separated out the borderline and affective disorders with which it had formerly been confused; (b) the development of newer psychoanalytic schools; and (c) the impact of various aspects of neurobiological research, the putative outcome of which seems to confirm that many, if not most, schizophrenics begin with a hereditary and/or congenital vulnerability to life and are disadvantaged in how they experience life, not only emotionally, but also neuroperceptually, neurocognitively, and neurobehaviorally. This contribution seeks to put schizophrenia and psychoanalysis in an interdisciplinary perspective by assigning the concept of disorders of psychical meaningfulness to the neurotic portion of the schizophrenic personality and of psychical meaninglessness to the psychotic portion of the personality. Whereas all psychoanalytic schools traditionally employ models that address meaningfulness, I suggest the employment of a newer model to deal with schizophrenia as a "disorder of self-regulation" (of meaninglessness), the latter being the neurobiological contribution. To the former I should like also to append the concept of a "disorder of interactional regulation" as its interpersonal complement in the sense of psychosocial, object relations, and systems theory interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A revised systematic scheme for the Eurasian Miocene fossil Hominidae

The current systematics of the European hominids has recently been reexamined in light of new and important fossil discoveries. It has been argued by Begun (1992a) that the European dryopithecines (including Graecopithecus from Greece) represent one of the earliest members of the Hominidae. Andrews (1992) and Dean & Delson (1992) agree that Graecopithecus should probably be placed within the Homininae, but that Dryopithecus should be excluded from this subfamily and retained within the Dryopithecinae. De Bonis & Koufos (1993, 1994) suggest that Graecopithecus shares a sister-group relationship with hominins. Moyà-Solà & K?hler (1993, 1995), however, argue that Dryopithecus and Graecopithecus both represent primitive members of the Ponginae. A phylogenetic and taxonomic revision of these taxa presented here supports the allocation of Graecopithecus to Homininae. It is also shown that the apparent disagreement concerning Dryopithecus is a result of the presence of two distinct genera within the fossil samples examined. It is concluded that the Hungarian hominid should be retained within the genus Dryopithecus, and the subfamily Dryopithecinae; the Spanish hominids are allocated to the resurrected genus Hispanopithecus Villalta & Crusafont-Pairó, 1944 which is likely to be a primitive member of the Ponginae.     

A revised strategy for cloning antibody gene fragments in bacteria

Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses are the major members of the picornavirus genus that cause human disease. We compared the polymerase chain reaction and viral culture for the identification of picornaviruses in nasal aspirates from children during episodes of respiratory symptoms and when asymptomatic and from asymptomatic adults. One hundred eight children, aged 9 to 11 years, completed a year-long study. Within 24 to 48 h of a report of respiratory symptoms, a nasal aspirate was taken in the home. Nasal aspirates were also taken from 65 of the children and from 33 normal adults when they had been free of respiratory symptoms for at least 2 weeks. Picornaviruses were isolated by culture for three passages in Ohio HeLa cells in rolling tubes at 33 degrees C and pH 7.0. For the polymerase chain reaction, duplicate 50-microliters samples were amplified with conserved primers from the 5' noncoding region. Picornaviruses generated approximately 380-bp bands in agarose gel electrophoresis; the specificity of these bands was confirmed by filter hybridization with a conserved internal probe. Picornaviruses were isolated by culture in 47 (46 rhinoviruses) of 292 symptomatic episodes (16%), whereas the polymerase chain reaction identified picornavirus genomic material in 146 episodes (50%), including all but one of the culture-positive episodes. As for asymptomatic samples, eight (12%) children and two (4%) adults were positive by the polymerase chain reaction, whereas only one child's specimen was positive by culture. This polymerase chain reaction assay represents a clear advance in the identification of picornavirus infection, with a detection rate threefold greater than the virus culture method.     

150m^2步进梁式加热炉液压系统改造设计

阐述了步进梁式加热炉液压系统的改造设计特点，着重论述了负载感应泵与电液比例节流阀组合回路控制原理及其在步进炉液压系统上应用的意义，并介绍了改造液压系统的运行效果     

A revised scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes and knowledge.

Describes a revised short-form version of the authors' original scale (see record 1974-05007-001) for the assessment of ecological attitudes and knowledge. 4 subscales containing 45 items altogether measure what a person states he or she is willing to do regarding ecology and pollution issues (Verbal Commitment), what a person actually does do (Actual Commitment), how he or she feels about such issues (Affect), and what relevant knowledge he or she has (Knowledge). Data from Sierra Club, college, and non-college Ss suggest that the revised ecology scale, which takes less than 10 min to complete, clearly distinguishes persons of high concern and commitment to ecological issues. Data on validity (criterion groups) and reliability (split-half comparisons and homogeneity ratio) are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A revised anatomical model of the abdominal musculature for torso flexion efforts

Models of the abdominal musculature, which used single slice MRI or CT scans to reconstruct the anatomy, were unable to explain magnitudes of abdominal flexion moment which exceed 100 Nm in living subjects. For example, the muscle areas and corresponding flexor moment arms measured from a transverse scan at L4-L5 predict maximum moments less than 50 Nm. The architecture of rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, and transverse abdominis was examined from cadaveric specimens, from which the geometric details were incorporated into a revised model. Scaling of the muscles to obtain physiological cross-sectional areas were obtained using two methods: serial MRI slices; and from several locations of ultrasound measurement. The two major anatomically justified improvements that had dramatic effects on flexor moment production were: the increase in flexor moment arms of muscles (approximately 30%) measured in a standing posture when compared to the supine posture for MRI examination; reinterpretation of the line of action of the obliques which transmit their flexor forces through the linea semilunaris (increasing their effective flexor moment arm) to eventual skeletal attachment at the pelvis.     

A behavioral observation system for quantifying arm activity in daily life after stroke.

Objective: Evaluate psychometric properties of the Functional Arm Activity Behavioral Observation System (FAABOS) for measuring hemiparetic arm use. Participants and Measures: All participants acquired their brain injury > 1 year prior to study entry; most had mild-to-moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis. In Study 1, 9 stroke survivors wore accelerometers and were videotaped for 15 min in the hospital or at home after they were asked to behave as usual. In Study 2, 1 traumatic brain injury and 8 stroke survivors wore accelerometers and were videotaped at home for 3 days with a motion-triggered camera. Observers independently rated 15-min segments of the Study 1 and 2 videotapes in 2-s blocks with a 4-step arm-activity coding scheme. Results: Interrater reliability was excellent; the mean Cohen’s κ in each study was ≥ .84. For data from both studies combined, validity was supported by a strong correlation between amount of hemiparetic arm functional activity, as determined by the observers, and the ratio of hemiparetic to other arm movement, as determined by accelerometry. Conclusion: FAABOS reliably and validly quantifies amount of spontaneous hemiparetic arm activity outside the laboratory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)