氟嘧磺隆的合成研究及室内除草活性

以２－甲氧基羧基苯磺酰基异氰酸酯、２－巯基－４,６－二羟基嘧啶为起始原料制备出玉米田除草剂氟嘧磺隆。温室生测结果表明,对单双子叶杂草均有高的活性。     

磺酰脲类除草剂四唑嘧磺隆

磺酰脲类除草剂四唑嘧磺隆为美国杜邦公司开发的水田除草剂，azimsulfuron即为其通用名，四啥生为中文通用名，商品名为Azin,Gulliver、康宁。代号：DPX－A8947，JS－458。化学名称为：1－（4，6－二甲氧基嘧啶－2－基）－3－[1－甲基－4－（2－甲基－2H－四唑－5－基）吡唑－5－基磺酰基]脲。结构式如下。     

近几年开发的国外农药新品种（7）

磺胺磺隆（ａｍｉｄｏｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ）Ｃ９Ｈ１５Ｎ５Ｏ７Ｓ２３６９４中文通用名称磺胺磺隆英文通用名称ａｍｉｄｏｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ（ＢＳＩ,ＩＳＯ）商品名称Ｈｏｅｓｔａｒ（好使达）;Ａｄｒｅｔ;Ｇｒａｔｉｌ其它名称Ｈｏｅ０７５０３２;酰嘧磺隆化学名称１－（４,６－二甲氧基嘧啶－２－基）－３－甲磺酰基（甲基）氨基磺酰基脲１－（４,６－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｍｉｄｉｎ－２－ｙｌ）－３－ｍｅｓｙｌ（ｍｅｔｈｙｌ）ｓｕｌｆａｍｏｙｌｕｒｅａＣＡ主题索引名及ＣＡＳ登录号Ｎ－〔〔〔〔〔（４,６－ｄｉｍｅｔ…     

单嘧磺隆对不同小麦品种的耐药性研究

以主根长为指标，研究了5个小麦品系对磺酰脲类除草剂单嘧磺隆的敏感性，比较了单嘧磺隆对它们的乙酰乳酸合成酶（简称ALS）在离体条件下的活性的影响。研究表明单嘧磺隆对不同小麦品种的耐药能力与其ALS的敏感性无关。     

南开大学绿色除草剂单嘧磺酯除草剂通过验收并步入产业化

由南开大学李正名院士课题组历经12年创制的、具有自主知识产权的磺酰脲类超高效绿色除草剂一单嘧磺酯，日前通过了“绿色除草剂单嘧磺酯小麦田应用研究与开发”中期验收。近日该课题组正与江苏一家农药生产企业签署合作协议，国内自主研发的单嘧磺酯今年将进入产业化实施阶段。     

玉嘧磺隆的合成

玉嘧磺隆，试验代号DPX-E9636，又称砜嘧磺隆，商品名为宝成，杜邦公司于20世纪80年代中期发现并开发成功的磺酰脲类除草剂新品种，它是近年来开发的众多磺酰脲类除草剂新品种中较突出的品种之一，其主要特点是：生物活性高、杀草谱广，用量5-20g／hm^2可有效的防除大多数阔叶与禾本科杂草；     

三唑嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂新品种—双氟磺草胺

近年来,Dow公司在三唑嘧啶磺酰胺类化合物中开发出新的高活性除草剂新品种－双氟磺草胺,其生物活性之高、用量之低是现有任何除草剂品种难以比拟的,这预示着,在21世纪开发出每公顷用药量1－2g的新品种是完全能够实现的。     

一种优化的砜嘧磺隆合成方法

砜嘧磺隆,又名玉嘧磺隆,是美国杜邦公司于20世纪80年代中期发现并开发成功的磺酰脲类除草剂品种,1997年在我国注册作为玉米苗后除草剂开始推广使用。砜嘧磺隆具有高选择性、高效、低毒等优点,是一种重要的玉米田除草剂。     

磺酰脲类除草剂成开发热点

磺酰脲类除草剂由美国杜邦公司于20世纪80年代开发,目前在全球广泛应用。磺酰脲类在除草剂市场仅次于氨基酸类(草甘膦、草胺膦等)位列第2。2009年销售额上亿的品种有苯磺隆、烟嘧磺隆、砜嘧磺隆、氯嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、甲磺隆、碘甲磺隆、     

创制除草剂单嘧磺隆应用研究

单嘧磺隆是一种高效、低毒除草剂.详细介绍了单嘧磺隆的理化性质、毒理学、环境行为和残留研究.并对单嘧磺隆及其相关产品在小麦、谷子、玉米、水稻等作物田的广泛应用进行了系统的总结.结果表明:单嘧磺隆为低毒农药且对环境安全,无致畸、无致突变、无致癌作用.在推荐剂量下,能有效防除一年生阔叶杂草,而且对作物安全,适宜加工成多种混剂和剂型.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。