水工TBM隧洞衬砌管片的裂缝分析及处理

采用TBM开挖水工隧洞时,其围岩常采用钢筋混凝土预制管片衬砌支护．由于材料、结构及复杂的受力条件影响,混凝土裂缝甚为常见．现以某TBM隧洞工程为例,统计、分析了裂缝情况及产生原因,并据此认为化学灌浆是裂缝处理较为有效的方法,通过对隧洞管片裂缝处理,可提高隧洞整体结构的稳定性、整体性、耐久性和抗渗性．并对裂缝处理方案进行了说明,供类似工程参考．     

浅谈水工地下隧洞衬砌混凝土渗水裂缝处理

水工地下隧洞衬砌混凝土为满足抗冲耐磨要求,一般混凝土设计标号高、水泥用量大,加上基岩硬度大,弹模高等原因,即使采用低温混凝土上浇筑,最高温度也超过了允许标准。在隧洞衬砌混凝土浇筑形成后,结构混凝土由于受到内外温差所引起的温度应力影响,产生不均匀收缩出现裂缝,特别是在地下水位较高的隧洞会出现以垂直于水流方向的环向有一定水压渗水裂缝。在处理这类渗水裂缝过程中采用了高渗透性环氧浆材,灌浆施工工艺采用打斜孔埋管和无损贴嘴灌浆的方法,裂缝处理效果满足设计的质量要求。     

园形压力隧洞的计算

本文在考虑围岩和衬砌变形协调的基础上,同时考虑到围岩内结构力对衬砌应力的影响,衬砌裂缝的扩展(向围岩内),以及衬砌裂缝部分和未裂缝部分的工作特点等因素,分别探讨了园形无衬砌隧洞,有混凝土衬砌的隧洞和有钢筋混凝衬砌的隧洞的计算方法,对目前设计中所沿用的园形压力隧洞的计算方法作了改进。     

三峡永久船闸输水洞衬砌施工期温度与应力监测成果分析

介绍了三峡永久船闸输水隧洞衬砌混凝土温度与温度应力现场监测和裂缝观测成果.利用实测资料计算分析了输水隧洞衬砌混凝土边墙和顶拱的温度应力.采用弹性徐变温度应力理论分析了大型隧洞衬砌混凝土的温度与温度应力变化特点,并与实测值进行了比较.根据实测结果与理论分析,提出了大型隧洞衬砌混凝土施工期的温控有效措施:降低水化热温升、加强早期养护和冬季保温.     

醴陵市官庄水库输水隧洞结构安全分析及处理

醴陵市官庄水库92号、105号和108号的输水隧洞,在长期的运行中隧洞衬砌混凝土出现了裂缝、渗漏和蜂窝麻面,目前隧洞仍处于带病工作状态,存在较大安全隐患.通过结构安全计算,分析其带病运行的原因,提出了处理意见.     

泄洪洞边墙衬砌混凝土浇筑温控防裂实时控制抗裂安全系数估算

岩体中开凿新浇筑大断面水工隧洞薄壁衬砌混凝土,在大温差、快温降作用下受到围岩和支护结构等极强约束,较多发生贯穿性温度裂缝。为满足施工期实时快速控制危害性温度裂缝的需求,在综合分析和有限元仿真研究的基础上,确定边墙衬砌混凝土温控设计施工期最小抗裂安全系数K_min的9个影响要素,探明其影响度和规律,进而提出K_min的估算公式和温度裂缝实时控制方法。通过白鹤滩水电站泄洪洞衬砌混凝土温控防裂实时控制的实例应用,检验K_min的估算精度和科学性,以及温度裂缝实时控制方法的适用性和有效性。实践表明可在隧洞工程初步设计中进一步推广衬砌混凝土施工期温度裂缝实时控制的应用。     

基于黏结单元力学参数随机赋值的压力隧洞衬砌水力劈裂分析

压力隧洞衬砌水力开裂的随机性威胁深埋压力隧洞的安全运行。为准确模拟内水压作用下压力隧洞衬砌的随机水力劈裂过程,将混凝土衬砌视为两相介质,借助商业软件ABAQUS与MATLAB,结合用户材料子程序二次开发,基于黏结单元力学参数的随机赋值理论,建立压力隧洞衬砌内水外渗下的随机水力劈裂模型。首先,借助ABAQUS用户材料子程序二次开发,改进传统孔压黏结单元本构关系;利用改进的孔压黏结单元模拟衬砌中的初始缺陷等弱相,采用Weibull分布描述弱相力学参数的随机性;利用实体孔压单元模拟衬砌强相,强相材料参数取混凝土力学参数均值;内水压力按体力施加,建立压力隧洞衬砌渗流–应力–劈裂耦合分析模型;利用MATLAB对模型前处理与后处理。以某大型物理模型试验为例,采用本文模型进行压力隧洞衬砌的水力劈裂全过程模拟。结果表明:压力隧洞衬砌在高内水压下,不可避免发生开裂,出现内水外渗;衬砌裂缝分布稀疏,具有一定随机性;衬砌开裂部位钢筋应力先增长后回缩,与内水压力关系密切,内水外渗改善衬砌受力状况;提出的模型较好地模拟了压力隧洞衬砌在内水压作用下的随机水力劈裂特征、裂缝分布,且钢筋应力计算结果与模型试验实测结果吻合较好,为压力隧洞衬砌水力劈裂分析提供了一种可靠的方法。     

特大断面隧洞钢模台车的设计和应用

结合洮河九甸峡水利枢纽导流隧洞混凝土衬砌施工实例,对比分析了2种隧洞混凝土衬砌方案的优缺点,选择了利用全液压钢模台车进行洞身混凝土衬砌.详细介绍了钢模台车的自行设计、制作安装、施工工艺及使用效果,总结出在特大断面隧洞洞身混凝土衬砌施工中,采用全液压钢模台车具有其他施工方案无可比拟的优越性.实践证明:该方案是经济、合理、可行的,为以后在同类型隧洞洞身混凝土衬砌施工提供了施工依据.     

江西查册水电站引水隧洞衬砌施工技术探讨

引水隧洞衬砌施工是水电站工程建设当中的重要内容,具有较高施工难度,体现在作业面小、易渗水、质量要求高等方面.针对水电站引水隧洞的工程特点,以江西查册水电站为例,论述了引水隧洞衬砌施工的施工布置、工艺流程、混凝土浇筑、质量控制以及施工难点处理等内容,为国内水电站引水隧洞衬砌施工技术及应用提供了有益的参考.     

某水库大坝混凝土面板检测及裂缝处理

根据混凝土面板坝施工的特点并综合考虑某引水工程坝址处的自然环境等因素,分别运用回弹仪、裂缝测宽仪、超声波探伤仪与地质雷达对面板混凝土强度、面板裂缝宽度、裂缝深度及堆石与面板间是否存在脱空进行了检测.根据检测结果对大坝面板混凝土表面产生裂缝的原因进行了分析,并提出了混凝土面板坝表面裂缝在不同情况下的处理方法.     

Nondestructive testing for crack of tunnel lining using GPR

Lining craze, as a common engineering damage, affects the bearing capacity and the safety of tunnels.To improve the capabilities of the surface crack detection in the tunnel lining, ground penetrating radar(GPR) was employed. The principle and method of GPR for cracks investigation of tunnel lining were expounded. As an application example, some field measurements in order to detect the depth of cracks for the tunnel lining were achieved in a new tunnel. All GPR investigations were made with the antennae of 1 GHz. The cracks of concrete structure were located, and the distributing and depth of cracks are inspected and estimated by GPR. The results of investigation show GPR is accurate and efficient to detect cracks of tunnel lining.     

Nondestructive testing for crack of tunnel lining using GPR

Lining craze, as a common engineering damage, affects the bearing capacity and the safety of tunnels. To improve the capabilities of the surface crack detection in the tunnel lining, ground penetrating radar (GPR) was employed. The principle and method of GPR for cracks investigation of tunnel lining were expounded. As an application example, some field measurements in order to detect the depth of cracks for the tunnel lining were achieved in a new tunnel. All GPR investigations were made with the antennae of 1 GHz. The cracks of concrete structure were located, and the distributing and depth of cracks are inspected and estimated by GPR. The results of investigation show GPR is accurate and efficient to detect cracks of tunnel lining. Foundation item: Projects(50204012; 50490274) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China     

水工隧洞施工缺陷对衬砌承载性能的影响

在水工隧洞建设中,混凝土衬砌裂缝和顶拱厚度不足是经常发生且十分典型的工程质量问题。具有这种质量缺陷的衬砌在不利工况下其结构性态如何,是广大技术人员十分关心的问题。该文在白山嘴输水隧洞实际衬砌结构缺陷现场检测的基础上,分析了缺陷模式和尺寸,提炼出缺陷特征,并采用FLAC程序进行了计算分析。计算结果表明,该缺陷对衬砌的安全稳定性有明显影响,但在进行缺陷修补加固、恢复衬砌整体力学特性以后,混凝土衬砌的性能将能够满足设计要求。     

Corrosion control in underground concrete structures using double waterproofing shield system (DWS)

High level of structural and waterproofing stability leads to long-term service life in underground infrastructures. Interaction between aggressive groundwater with tunnel causes corrosion and damage in concrete structure due to steel reinforcement corrosion and concrete cracks. This study introduces a double waterproofing shield system (DWS) as an innovative solution to waterproofing and structural failures in underground concrete structures. In this method, ordinary shotcrete mixture replaces by an organic polymer concrete (OPC) to construct a water-resistant temporary support right after each partial excavation. Two groups of specimens including reference concrete and OPC specimens were provided and tested in accordance with ASTM C 642. Waterproofing parameters including porosity, pore volume, permeability and hydraulic conductivity have been determined. Results show a remarkable reduction in mentioned parameters for OPC compared with ordinary concrete. Improvement in waterproofing performance of temporary support corresponds to a healthy final lining and increase in service life of the structure.     

南水北调中线工程渠道衬砌裂缝产生的原因及防控措施

针对南水北调渠道衬砌混凝土施工过程中容易出现的混凝土裂缝问题,从人的行为、混凝工原材料、配合比设计、环境变化、养护、基面处理等方面分析了其产生的原因,并针对每种情况提出了相应的防控措施.     

Service life prediction of lining concrete of subsea tunnel under combined compressive load and carbonation

Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel is the second self-built tunnel in China with the designed service life over 100 years. The durability of lining concrete are one of an important factors to determinate the service life of tunnel. Considering the main environmental loads and mechanical loads of subsea tunnel, the durability properties of lining concrete under combined action of compressive load and carbonation has been studied through the critical compressive load test, accelerated carbonation test, natural carbonation test and capillary suction test. The tests results show that critical compressive load apparently accelerates the carbonation and deteriorates the anti-permeability of concrete. Under the combined action of critical compressive load and carbonation, the durability of lining concrete decreases. Based on the carbonization life criteria and research results, for the high-performance concrete with proposed mix ratio, the predicted service life of lining concrete for Jiaozhou bay subsea tunnel is about 80 years which fails to reach the required service life. It is necessary to adopt other measurements simultaneously to improve the durability of lining concrete.     

三峡工程右岸地下厂房引水洞衬砌混凝土轴向裂缝成因分析

利用三维有限元的温度场仿真和二维有限元的徐变应力场仿真分析方法,探讨了三峡工程右岸地下引水洞衬砌在腰部附近及底部产生顺水流向规律性很强的轴向裂缝的原因.对各种可能的原因进行了敏感性分析,认为本工程衬砌裂缝的产生主要是环境温度变化引起,其中温度骤降的影响最大.     

压力隧洞高效预应力混凝土衬砌的设计与应用

概括介绍了高效预应力混凝土技术在国内外压力隧洞衬砌中的应用状况,借鉴多个工程的成功经验,提出了压力隧洞高效预应力混凝土衬砌的荷载及其效应组合、设计原则和计算方法,供相关工程设计参考.