氮气中ppm（10~（－6））级水的红外光谱法测定

利用日立２７０－３０光栅型红外光谱仪及配件１０ｍ气池进行了氮气中１０－６级水的测定研究。在该系统的优选条件下，可准确测定氮气中０～１９×１０－６水，分析灵敏度１．８５×１０－４ＡＢＳ／１０－６，最低检测浓度１×１０－６。     

螯合剂的快速分析

本方法探讨了利用被测物能与滴定剂形成稳定的配合物的化学反应测定氨三乙酸的含量。测定范围１×１０－１～１×１０－４，该方法适合测定各种螯合剂。     

贸易技术壁垒协议

信息和援助第１０条关于技术法规、标准和符合性评定程序的信息１０ １每个成员须保证设立一个咨询点 ,能回答其他成员和其他成员境内有兴趣的各方提出的所有合理询问 ,并提供有关下述内容的文件 :１０ １ １中央或地方政府机构、有执法权的非政府性机构、或上述机构是成员或参与者的区域性标准化机构在其境内采用或拟定的任何技术法规 ;１０ １ ２中央或地方政府机构、或上述机构是成员或参与者的区域性标准化机构在其境内采用或拟定的任何标准 ;１０ １ ３中央或地方政府机构、或有执法权的非政府性机构、或上述机构是成员或参与者的区域…     

GB/T 6536-1997《石油产品蒸馏测定法》勘误

ＧＢ／Ｔ６５３６－１９９７《石油产品蒸馏测定法》勘误页行误正１０图２注：ｒ１＝０８６４Ｓ＋１２１４Ｒ１＝１７３６Ｓ＋１９９４注：ｒ１＝０８６４Ｓ＋１２１４……（９）Ｒ１＝１７３６Ｓ＋１９９４……（１０）图３注：ｒ２＝０６７３Ｓ＋１?..     

舰船海水管系用BFe10－1－1铜镍合金

介绍了ＢＦｅ１０－１－１铜镍合金用于舰船海水管路系统的有关技术性能，管材与管配件的国内生产能力及使用注意事项等。同时论证了ＢＦｅ１０－１－１铜镍合金管材与管配件具有比紫铜管更优良的耐蚀性，可明显提高管路系统的安全性及延长使用寿命。     

改进型分离规

本文描述了一种用于超高真空测量的改进型分离规的设计和特性。栅网的开端结构可防止直接打到离子收集极的ｘ射线，除了那些各电极上反射的少数间接的ｘ射线以外。在相当于残余气体１毫安电子流时，灵敏度系数约为８．３×１０－２Ｐａ－１（１１托－１）。可实现的压强测量范围在 １×１０－６到９×１０－１０Ｐａ（１× １０－８到 ７× １０－ １２托）。业已证实，这种规管的ｘ射线极限低于裸体 Ｂ－Ａ规。文章还叙述了通过把帽电极装在栅网顶部的简化方法，可用于高真空压强测量的改进型规管设计。     

纳米材料将用于未来燃气涡轮发动机

纳米材料将用于未来燃气涡轮发动机纳米材料被称为２１世纪材料。它是由尺寸为纳米量级的超细组织构成的材料，其晶粒尺寸、层间距及沉淀物尺寸等一般在１～１００ｎｒｎ范围（１ｎｍ＝１０￣（－９）ｍ＝１０Ａ）。而现有工程材料的组织特征一般在微米级（１μｍ＝１０￣...     

对JJG52—1999规程的几点建议

ＪＪＧ５２—１９９９《弹簧管式一般压力表、压力真空表和真空表》计量检定规程的实施。给检定工作带来了便利 ,效率更高。然而本人对规程的内容还有一些不同的看法 ,提出供同行参考。１ ９９规程中第４ １ ４条对压力表、压力真空表和真空表规定了测量上限量值数字应符合系列 :１×１０ｎ ,１×１ ６ｎ,２ ５×１０ｎ,４×１０ｎ,６×１０ｎ 的要求。而实际上 ,根据ＧＢ１２２６—１９８６《一般压力表》国家标准所生产的压力真空表 ,它的测量上限不符合上述系列要求。例如 :符合ＧＢ１２２６—１９８６标准的（ -０ １～１ ５）ＭＰａ压…     

标准气体微流量计的性能测试

主要介绍标准微流量计的性能测试。测试结果表明；气体流量的测量范围为１７．１×１０－５～１．２２×１０－５ｐａ·Ｌ／ｓ，不确定度小于２％。     

磁控反应溅射TaN薄膜的结构和性能

采用磁控溅射仪制备了ＴａＮ薄膜,研究了不同氮分压条件下ＴａＮ薄膜的成份、结构和力学性能。结果表明,氮分压在０．２＊１０＾－１Ｐａ时镀层由两相混合物正方的β－Ｔａ和面心立方结构的δ－ＴａＮ组成。而氮分压在０．４＊１０＾－１－０．８＊１０＾－１Ｐａ时,得到单相六方ＴａＮ结构。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...