索氏法提取干姜挥发油及其化学成分研究

文章以石油醚为溶剂,用索氏法从干姜中提取挥发油,用正交试验法L9(33)优选提取条件,结果显示最佳索氏提取条件是:浴温90℃、物料比(g∶mL)30∶150、提取时间为4 h。所得的挥发油经气相-质谱联用手段分析,以峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量;结果从干姜挥发油的12个色谱峰中鉴定出11种成分,占挥发油总含量的98.77%,其主要成分依次为:α-姜烯(40.23%),β-倍半水芹烯(18.04%),β-没药烯(17.16%),α-姜黄烯(12.08%)。     

不同温度条件下超临界萃取姜黄油GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取姜黄油,改变萃取温度,选择40、45、50℃,其他条件相同。所得3个姜黄油样品分别做GC-MS分析,其组成成分基本一致;3种姜黄油主要成分为(含量2%以上):姜黄酮(含芳香-姜黄酮)、姜黄新酮、α-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、α-姜黄烯等。     

冷冻干燥生姜超临界CO2萃取物组成特性研究

试验研究了超临界CO2萃取姜油树脂过程中生姜的干燥方式对萃取物主要成分的影响.采用真空冷冻干燥方法脱除莱芜生姜中的水分,然后用超临界CO2萃取生姜中的姜油树脂.对所得萃取物进行气相色谱-质谱联用分析.并与常规的常温干燥脱水生姜超临界CO2萃取物的分析结果比较.结果表明冷冻干燥与常温干燥脱水所得姜油树脂主要成分不同,冷冻干燥处理样品提取物中含量最高的物质为姜酮,占提取物总量的20.802％,姜辣素组分占52.410％,挥发油组分占22.740％,姜辣素含量高于挥发油含量;常温干燥样品其中含量最高的为没药烯,占总含量的28.157％,挥发油组分占52.410％,姜辣素组分占26.738％,挥发油含量高于姜辣素含量.物料干燥方式对超临界CO2萃取姜油树脂成分有较大影响,与常温干燥相比冷冻干燥生姜的超临界CO2萃取物中含有更多的姜辣素类成分.     

超临界萃取结合分子蒸馏纯化生姜精油及其挥发性成分分析

为研究超临界萃取结合分子蒸馏纯化生姜精油的最佳工艺参数,鉴定生姜精油的挥发性成分,以舒城黄姜为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了超临界CO₂流体萃取(supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction, SFE)生姜油的最佳工艺条件,考察了分子蒸馏(molecular distillation, MD)温度对分离纯化生姜精油效果的影响,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用对生姜精油的挥发性成分进行了分析。结果表明,超临界CO₂流体萃取结合分子蒸馏(SFE-MD)纯化生姜精油的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力24 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间2 h、分子蒸馏温度80℃,在此条件下,生姜精油的综合得率为2.53%,显著高于水蒸气蒸馏精油得率0.96%(P<0.05)。挥发性成分分析显示,α-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-红没药烯是生姜精油的主要挥发性成分,百分含量达70%以上,其中α-姜烯百分含量为42.13%,高于水蒸气蒸馏生姜精油α-姜烯百分含量40.59%。该方法绿色环保,萃取率高,精油品质好,为生姜精油的进一步研...     

生姜精油的提取及GC-MS分析

本研究以生姜为原料,以生姜精油得率为评价指标,通过单因素和响应面试验确定了最佳提取条件,最后通过气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对提取得到的生姜精油进行分析鉴定。结果表明,粉碎粒径、液料比和蒸馏时间可明显影响生姜精油的得率,水蒸气蒸馏法提取生姜精油的最佳条件为:粉碎粒径160目,液料比19:1 (mL/g),蒸馏时间118 min,此条件下生姜精油的得率为2.09%±0.01%。通过GC-MS对生姜精油进行分析,共鉴定出56种化合物,其中烯类物质39种,醇类10种,醛类3种,酯类2种,烷烃类1种,酮类1种,其主要成分为α-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-红没药烯、α-法尼烯、α-姜黄烯。     

生姜精油挥发性物质的主成分分析

选取生姜作为原材料,通过超临界CO_2萃取法得到生姜精油,采用气质联用(GCMS)技术对样品中挥发性成分进行测定,并运用主成分分析法(PCA)分析姜油样品中特征挥发性物质。研究结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取的姜油样品中GC-MS共检测出68种挥发性物质,主要包括烯烃类34种、酮/酚类7种、醛类5种、酸酯类14种、醇类8种,主成分分析法(PCA)分析得出5种特征挥发性物质:姜烯、姜黄烯、姜酮、6-姜酚、β-倍半水芹烯,其贡献率大小依次为姜烯姜黄烯6-姜酚姜酮β-倍半水芹烯。     

生姜挥发油超临界提取工艺优化及成分分析

在不同干燥条件下测定生姜挥发油的有效成分,通过探讨生姜干燥条件、姜粉目数、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO_2流量和萃取时间优化超临界CO_2流体提取生姜挥发油工艺,比较了超临界CO_2提取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的生姜挥发油的理化性质及成分分析。确定了超临界CO_2提取生姜挥发油最佳的提取工艺条件为:自然晒干、姜粉目数(60~80)目、萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度35℃、CO_2流量15 L/h、萃取时间2 h,此提取条件可使生姜挥发油的提取率达到3.57%。结果显示超临界CO2提取制得的生姜挥发油成分更为复杂,表明超临界CO_2提取法在提取挥发油物质工艺上具有一定的优势。     

利用亚临界萃取技术提取生姜中的姜油

以生姜为原料,利用亚临界流体萃取技术提取姜油,并与传统水蒸气蒸馏法提取的姜油进行比较。研究表明:以1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷为萃取剂,最佳工艺条件为原料颗粒度60目,萃取时间1.5h,萃取温度30~40℃。在该工艺条件下,生姜的出油率为3.14%。GC—MS分析表明,亚临界流体萃取得到的姜油主要组分为α-姜黄烯和姜烯,含量分别为16.39%及27.59%,所得生姜油感官品质,特征组分纯度均优于水蒸气蒸馏法。     

干、生姜黄的挥发油提取及成分研究

以广西那坡县产的姜黄为原料，分别以水蒸汽蒸馏法和以石油醚为溶剂的索氏提取法提取干、生两种姜黄的挥发油，并用GC-MS分析法对这几种姜黄挥发油的主要成分进行了研究，结果表明：无论是用索氏提取法还是水蒸汽蒸馏法均以干姜黄做为原料的提取率比较高；在这几种挥发油中相对含量超过4％的共有组分为α-姜黄烯、芳姜黄酮、β-倍半水芹烯、α-姜黄酮、β-姜黄酮等5种成分；这二种提取法在成分上最明显的区别在于以水蒸汽蒸馏获取的姜黄挥发油不合（-）-姜烯。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定生姜中的挥发性物质

该实验以生姜为原料,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定生姜中的挥发性成分。研究发现:在SPME萃取温度60℃、萃取时间45min和平衡时间3min的条件下萃取的生姜中的挥发性成分含量最高,共有33种挥发性物质,占总色谱面积的98.04%,主要为姜烯、芳樟醇、樟脑萜、α-红没药醇、α-姜黄烯、倍半水芹烯、橙花醛等。     

分子包埋法制备姜油树脂微胶囊的研究

以姜为原料，经乙醇直接浸泡和索氏提取法获得的姜油树脂为心材，以β-环糊精和阿拉伯胶为壁材，经乳化、均质、喷雾干燥，制取姜油树脂微胶囊，并对其主要技术参数进行了测定。通过正交试验分析，以姜油树脂的包埋率为指标，确定了心壁材比、包接温度、搅拌时间、阿拉伯胶和β-环糊精比四个因素的最佳值，得出了姜油树脂微胶囊化的最佳工艺条件。     

姜与人体营养健康

对姜的营养、保健功能及其在日常生活中的应用进行了介绍，更利于推动我国调味品业的进一步研究与开发。     

GINGER RHIZOME: A NEW SOURCE OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME

The proteolytic activity of ginger rhizome was studied with bovine serum albumin (BSA), collagen and actomyosin as substrates. A semipurified, powdered enzyme preparation was prepared by buffer extraction of an acetone powder of ginger rhizome and subsequent acetone precipitation of the proteolytic principle from the buffer extract. With 3% BSA as substrate, a relatively high proteolytic activity occurred over a pH range of 4.5–6.0, with an optimum pH of 5.0. The optimum temperature for proteolysis of BSA was 60°C during a 10 min reaction time, with rapid denaturation of the enzyme occurring at 70° C. NaCl in cone up to 10% produced about a 20 and 50% reduction in proteolysis of collagen and BSA, respectively. The ginger protease was protected by dithiothreitol during extraction and reaction, indicating the involvement of −SH groups at the active site. The analyses of soluble peptide amino acids or terminal amino acids suggest that the proteolysis of collagen is many fold greater than that of actomyosin. The combined proteolysis of these two muscle protein fractions by the ginger protease resulted in significantly more tender meat. According to conventional nomenclature, "Zingibain" is the proper name for this proteolytically active principle in Zingiber officinale roscoe or ginger rhizome which is commonly referred to as gingerroot. For meat applications, a possible advantage of zingibain over papain and ficin is the greater proteolysis of collagen in comparison to actomyosin. When compared to reported values for bromelain, zingibain has a higher optimum activity temperature, which is desirable in some applications     

不同生姜提取物的急性毒性研究

观察不同生姜提取物的急性毒性并对其进行评价.依据GB15193-2003(食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法>进行急性毒性试验,研究生姜食品的急性毒性.生姜水提物和生姜醇提物对两种性别的小鼠经口毒性灌胃达66.67g/kg两周内动物未见明显中毒症状,无动物死亡.取灌胃1 d后与灌胃前的体重差值及灌胃一周后及灌胃前的体重差值做为小鼠长势的数据描述进行分析.经口急性毒性作用试验表明生姜无毒级物质.结论:生姜具有较好的食用安全性.     

姜汁花生奶复合饮料的研究

研究了姜汁花生奶的工艺路线、关键工艺参数、配方以及稳定性。姜汁花生奶具有生姜和花生的复合风味。是一种高营养、新口味的新型保健复合植物蛋白饮料。为该产品的工业化生产提供参考和理论基础。     

SPROUT INHIBITION BY GAMMA IRRADIATION IN FRESH GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE)

ABSTRACT. A study on sprout inhibition by gamma irradiation in fresh ginger of a local variety was carried out. Fresh ginger was irradiated at the doses of 0, 25, 50 and 80 Grays (Gy) and stored at temperature 25-28°C and relative humidity ranging from 76-96% for 4 months. the parameters observed were physiological weight loss, sprouting, external appearance, fungal infection, moisture content, water activity, crude fiber content and total sugar. the results show that irradiation at the doses studied effectively inhibited sprouting in ginger when compared to the nonirradiated samples. However, radiation was unable to extend the shelf-life as all samples started to deteriorate after 2 months storage.     

COOKING CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEVON MARINATED WITH GINGER RHIZOME EXTRACT IN DIFFERENT STORAGE PERIODS

The biceps femoris muscles of 12-month-old Osmanabadi goats in the prerigor state were chilled for 24 h at 4  ±  1C, and then cut in 3  ×  3 cm chunks and randomly divided into five groups. The chunks were marinated in ginger rhizome extract (GRE) at 1, 3, 5 and 7% along with 600 ppm of ascorbic acid, 2% sodium chloride and 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate. The samples were packed in low-density polyethylene bags and stored at refrigerated storage condition at 4  ±  1C for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. After storage, samples were drawn and the cooking characteristics were determined following the related storage periods. The marination of chevon chunks at 5% GRE improved the cooking yield (83.5–87.9%), cooked density (0.86–0.94%) and gain in height (10.4–8.9%), whereas reduction in diameter (10.1–8.8%) and emulsion stability (12.5–10.44%) were lower than other levels of GRE at all periods of storage.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Chevon is mostly stored at refrigeration conditions to increase its shelf life. However, there is not a limit of acceptability of chevon for the psychrophilic microorganisms that are important to estimate spoilage of refrigerated foods and also its texture. Marination of chevon with ginger rhizome extract at the 5% level along with 600 ppm of ascorbic acid, 2% sodium chloride and 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate, and then storage at a refrigerated condition could prevent the spoilage and improve the texture. These levels of marination will be helpful in further studies to decide how long the chevon could be kept safe and tender.