电参数对SiC_p/Al复合材料电火花深小孔加工的影响

采用电火花内冲液加工方式,分别研究了开路电压、伺服参考电压、电容及电流等电参数对45%SiCp/Al与Al2024合金深小孔加工效率、电极损耗及加工孔径的影响。结果表明:当电源放电能量越大、放电频率越高时,加工效率越高,且电极损耗越大;而在相同加工条件下,SiCp/Al的加工效率和电极损耗都明显高于Al2024合金,且开路电压和电容对SiCp/Al孔径的影响较大。     

基于旋转电极的方孔电火花加工新方法

提出一种方孔电火花加工新方法,利用具有勒洛三角形截面形状的工具电极在等宽方形约束孔中转动,使电极沿横截面扫过一个正方形区域,从而通过电极底面放电加工出方孔。分析了勒洛三角形电极在与其等宽的方孔中的运动方式和轨迹,设计了基于旋转电极的方孔电火花加工装置,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。在不同的开路电压下,分别利用旋转的勒洛三角形电极和不旋转的方形电极进行方孔加工,发现旋转的勒洛三角形电极加工效率更高、电极损耗更低。     

聚晶立方氮化硼刀具电火花放电磨削分析

以国产不同粒度的聚晶立方氮化硼复合片试样作为研究对象,选取电极转速、开路电压、峰值电流、脉冲宽度和脉冲间隔作为主要工艺参数,以材料去除量、电极损耗作为加工效率的评价指标,以试样表面粗糙度值作为加工质量评价标准,结合扫描电镜观测、能谱分析、粗糙度仪测试,分析主要工艺参数对放电磨削加工的影响。实验结果表明:研究表明:PCBN电火花放电磨削加工的机理是高温熔化黏结剂,从而导致聚晶立方氮化硼颗粒脱落而实现磨削去除,过程中还伴随着元素间的置换和氧化;PCBN粒度对电火花放电磨削加工效率和质量的影响不如放电加工工艺参数的影响显著;材料去除量、电极损耗随着电极旋转速度的增加、开路电压的增大均有不同幅度的增加;随着峰值电流的增加,材料去除量增加,电极损耗减小,工件材料的表面粗糙度值增大。     

铜钨电极材料的电加工性能实验研究

铜钨合金电极材料在加工硬质合金时,常以其相对损耗较小而受到用户的青睐,加之铜钨合金电极的热稳定性好,因此在现场使用铜钨合金电极加工硬质合金的场合较多。用实验的方法对不同配比的铜钨合金材料作为电极进行深入研究,针对不同需求寻求最佳配比的铜钨合金电极。考察了材料中的成分含量变化对电火花加工特性的影响,用能量分配以及电子逸出功的原理分析了材料去除速度、相对电极损耗与电极材料特性以及电参数之间的关系。研究发现,极间电压160 V左右采用窄脉宽时,电极Cu_(75)W可以获得较好的工艺效果,含铜量少的Cu_(25)W电极相对损耗最小。     

微细电火花加工实验及工艺规律研究

微细电火花加工在当前微细加工中显示出巨大的发展潜力。通过用自行研制的微细电火花加工系统进行的一系列微细电欠花加工实验，对影响微细电火花加工加工效率和加工精度的各种因素(如充放电电容、开路电压和工作介质等)进行了研究，     

硬质合金模型腔的电火花加工

介绍了硬质合金型腔模电火花加工电极的设计、加工条件的选择、提高加工效率的方法，特别提出了经济电流密度、粗糙度升级等工艺思想。     

电火花成形加工中极性对加工表面形貌的影响

在用YT15硬质合金电极对45钢进行电火花加工时，若采用正极性加工，可得到显微硬度大大高于基体且抗腐蚀性好的白亮层，但加工效率低，电极损耗快；若采用负极性加工，则无白亮层出现，但加工效率高，电极损耗小。基于以上经验，通过改变极性，对45钢工件进行电火花成形加工与电火花表面强化，可简单高效地得到高硬度的加工表面。     

EDM煤油工作液中添加剂的作用机理探讨

本文研究了煤油中添加剂对电火花加工的影响，通过试验和资料分析，得出因添加剂降低煤油放电电压，使放电点分散均匀，有助于工具电极表面上形成碳层，因而可提高加工效率和质量并降低电极消耗的结论。     

GT35钢结硬质合金电火花加工工艺试验

研究了GT35电火花加工时,峰值电流、脉冲宽度、放电时间等参数对工件加工效率、加工面粗糙度和电极耗损速度等的影响规律,并分析了其作用机理,优化了GT35钢结硬质合金电火花加工工艺参数,为加工复杂型腔GT35钢结硬质合金模具提供了试验依据。     

EDM煤油工作液中添加剂的作用机理探讨

本文研究了煤油中添加剂对电火花加工的影响。通过试验和资料分析，得出因添加剂降低煤油放电电压，使放电点分散均匀，有助于工具电极表面上形成吸附碳层，因而可提高加工效率和质量并降低电极消耗的结论。     

Studies on electric-discharge machining of non-contact seal face grooves

In this paper, the electric-discharge machining (EDM) of non-contact seal grooves was studied. Two types of material, namely: tungsten carbide and silicon carbide were tested by EDM due to their hard machining behaviors. The geometry of seal grooves is another reason why grinding or other precision machining processes cannot be applied. Four parameters of EDM processes were studied, namely: electrode material, pulse duration, discharge current, and polarity. According to experimental results, the optimal process parameters were obtained based on the specimen’s qualities, such as surface roughness and depth of cut. An industrial example was also studied in the final stage of the proposed paper.     

A review on the conventional and micro-electrodischarge machining of tungsten carbide

The capability of machining intricate features with high dimensional accuracy in hard and difficult-to-cut material has made electrodischarge machining (EDM) process as an inevitable and one of the most popular non-conventional machining processes. In recent years, both EDM and micro-EDM processes are being used extensively in the field of mould making, production of dies, cavities and complex 3D structures using difficult-to-cut tungsten carbide and its composites. The objective of this paper is to provide a state of the art in the field of EDM and micro-EDM of tungsten carbide and its composites. The review begins with a brief introduction on the EDM and micro-EDM processes. The research and developments in electrodischarge machining of tungsten carbide are grouped broadly into conventional EDM of tungsten carbide, micro-EDM of tungsten carbide and current research trends in EDM and micro-EDM of tungsten carbide. The problems and challenges in the area of conventional and micro-EDM of tungsten carbide and the importance of compound and hybrid machining processes are discussed. A summary of the future research directions based on the review is presented at the final section.     

Material removal mechanisms of cemented carbides machined by ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM in gas medium

A new electrical discharge machining (EDM) technology named tool electrode ultrasonic vibration assisted electrical discharge machining in gas medium (UEDM in gas) is proposed and its principle is introduced. Relevant experimental equipment was designed by which a series of machining experiments of cemented carbide material were carried out. The mechanisms of cemented carbide material removal are discussed in detail through observing and analyzing the microstructures of machined surface. Five material removal mechanisms of cemented carbides machined by UEDM in gas were proposed, which are melting and evaporation, oxidation and decomposition, spalling, the force of high-pressure gas and the affection of ultrasonic vibration.     

Machinability analysis in turning tungsten–copper composite for application in EDM electrodes

Electro-discharge machining (EDM) is widely used in tooling industry, where it is applied on materials, which are too hard to be machined with conventional techniques. The tungsten–copper is broadly used as an EDM electrode for machining of die steel and tungsten carbide workpieces. As, tungsten–copper electrode is more costly than conventional electrodes, there is a need to understand the machinability aspects in turning of this material. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to study the effects of cutting conditions on machinability characteristics such as cutting force, feed force, depth force, machining force, power, specific cutting force, arithmetic average surface roughness and maximum peak to valley height during tungsten–copper turning with K10 carbide cutting tool. The response surface methodology (RSM) based second order mathematical models of machinability aspects are developed using the data obtained through full factorial design (FFD). The adequacy of the machinability models is tested through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The response surface analysis reveals that a combination of higher cutting speed with low-to-medium feed rate is advantageous in reducing the forces, power and surface roughness, which in turn increases the specific cutting force.     

Ultrasonic and electric discharge machining to deep and small hole on titanium alloy

Being a difficult-to-cut material, titanium alloy suffers poor machinability for most cutting process, let alone the drilling of small and deep holes using traditional machining methods. Although electric discharge machining (EDM) is suitable to handle titanium alloys, it is not ideal for small and deep holes due to titanium alloys’ low heating conductivity and high tenacity. This paper introduces ultrasonic vibration into micro-EDM and analyzes the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the EDM process. A four-axis EDM machine tool which combines ultrasonic and micro-EDM has been developed. A wire electric discharge grinding (WEDG) unit which can fabricate a micro-electrode on-line, as well as a measuring unit, is set up on this equipment. With a cylindrical tool electrode, made of hard carbide, which has high stiffness, a single-side notch was made along the electrode. Ultrasonic vibration is then introduced into the micro-EDM. Experiments have been carried out and results have shown that holes with a diameter of less than Ø0.2 mm and a depth/diameter ratio of more than 15 can be drilled steadily using this equipment and technology.     

石墨电极电火花加工性能的影响因素分析

影响石墨电极电火花加工性能的因素很多，各因素的合理配合对电火花加工特性有重要的影响。分析了主轴性能、脉冲电源及智能控制、工作液、电参数和加工极性选择等对石墨电极加工性能的影响，为生产实践提供了理论依据。     

A review on current research trends in electrical discharge machining (EDM)

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the earliest non-traditional machining processes. EDM process is based on thermoelectric energy between the work piece and an electrode. A pulse discharge occurs in a small gap between the work piece and the electrode and removes the unwanted material from the parent metal through melting and vaporising. The electrode and the work piece must have electrical conductivity in order to generate the spark. There are various types of products which can be produced using EDM such as dies and moulds. Parts of aerospace, automotive industry and surgical components can be finished by EDM. This paper reviews the research trends in EDM on ultrasonic vibration, dry EDM machining, EDM with powder additives, EDM in water and modeling technique in predicting EDM performances.     

电火花加工中多材质电极损耗规律的实验研究

针对电火花加工中多材质电极的损耗和形状变化,在模具钢工件上开展了电火花多材质电极加工实验研究,分析了电极材料、加工极性对多材质电极损耗的影响规律,并以黄铜-模具钢电极、紫铜-铜钨合金电极为研究对象,分析了多材质电极的形状变化规律。结果表明:长度损耗小的电极材料能辅助减小同组其他材料的电极损耗,但通常其角损耗较大;加工中多材质电极结合处形成过渡曲面,当加工进入均匀损耗阶段后,过渡曲面的圆弧半径和圆心角基本恒定不变。     

45钢电火花成型表面组织结构的研究

在煤油介质中,以YT15硬质合金作为电极加工45钢.正极性加工时,在45钢表面得到显微硬度高于基体的白亮层,且其厚度和表面质量可通过改变放电参数进行调整.利用电子探针对白亮层进行了成分分析.本研究为利用电火花成型机完成表面强化加工提供了依据.     

Near dry electrical discharge machining

This study investigates the near dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. Near dry EDM uses liquid–gas mixture as the two phase dielectric fluid and has the benefit to tailor the concentration of liquid and properties of dielectric medium to meet desired performance targets. A dispenser for minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is utilized to supply a minute amount of liquid droplets at a controlled rate to the gap between the workpiece and electrode. Wire EDM cutting and EDM drilling are investigated under the wet, dry, and near dry conditions. The mixture of water and air is the dielectric fluid used for near dry EDM in this study. Near dry EDM shows advantages over the dry EDM in higher material removal rate (MRR), sharper cutting edge, and less debris deposition. Compared to wet EDM, near dry EDM has higher material removal rate at low discharge energy and generates a smaller gap distance. However, near dry EDM places a higher thermal load on the electrode, which leads to wire breakage in wire EDM and increases electrode wear in EDM drilling. A mathematical model, assuming that the gap distance consists of the discharge distance and material removal depth, was developed to quantitatively correlate the water–air mixture's dielectric strength and viscosity to the gap distance.