Ti6Al4V高速干滑动摩擦磨损特性研究

对Ti6Al4V合金在高速干滑动摩擦条件下进行了系统的磨损性能测试,研究了载荷和速度对Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦磨损机制的影响,对Ti6Al4V合金的磨损表面、纵剖面进行了显微分析及X-衍射分析,实验结果表明,Ti6Al4V合金的磨损率和摩擦表面温度随着载荷和速度的升高而增加,摩擦表面的温度最高达到1044℃,磨损表面出现"蘑菇头"的磨损现象,表面出现裂纹及剥落坑,表层及次表层出现裂纹,组织变得粗大,磨损纵剖面析出Ti3O,Ti6O,VO0.53,VN等化合物.     

Metallurgical and Corrosion Properties of Explosively Welded Ti6Al4V/Low Carbon Steel Clad

Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and Iow carbon steel (LCS) were joined by explosive welding method using different ratios of explosive. Some metallurgical properties of joined samples were investigated. Joined samples were examined by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tensile-shearing tests. Bending, tensile, hardness and corrosion behaviour of the samples were investigated. Separation was not occurred on the joining interface after tensile-shearing and bending tests. It is seen that hardness of both plates were increased with increasing explosive.It is found that increasing explosive ratio leads to an increase in corrosion. It is also found that corrosion rate was high at the beginning of the experiment but the rate of the corrosion decreased subsequently during the experiment.     

Ti6A14V合金的低温超塑性拉伸变形行为

在700℃-850℃的温度范围内对Ti-6%Al-4%V(质量分数)合金板材进行超塑性拉伸试验,研究了应变速率为3×10-4-5×10-38-1条件下的拉伸变形行为.结果表明:Ti6A14V合金在空气中表现出良好的低温超塑性变形能力.在800℃初始应变速率ε=5×10-4s-1条件下,延伸率达到536%.在较低的700℃下变形(ε=5×10-4s-1),延伸率仍然超过了300%.在整个变形温度区间内,应变速率敏感性指数m均为0.3左右,最大值为0.63.在850℃变形激活能与晶界自扩散激活能十分相近,表明晶界扩散控制的晶界滑动是超塑性变形的主要机制.在700-750℃,变形激活能远大于晶界自扩散激活能,位错运动是激活能升高的原因.在800℃变形的激活能介于两者之间,表明随着温度的降低变形机制逐渐发生改变.     

氦离子注入对Ti6Al4V合金组织和力学性能的影响

在室温和400～700℃条件下,采用 1×1017ions/cm2注入剂量和200keV加速电压对 Ti6Al4V合金进行了氦离子注入.分别采用纳米硬度仪和X射线衍射方法对Ti6Al4V合金的氦离子注入表面层(≤700nm)进行了纳米硬度、弹性模量测试和物相分析.结果表明:在室温至600℃范围内,氦离子注入温度越高,Ti6Al4V合金注入层的硬度也越高,而其弹性模量则变小.氦离子注入温度为700℃时,Ti6Al4V合金发生了软化,其弹性模量也有所提高.氦离子注入引起的硬化现象与点缺陷和Ti6Al4V合金中β相的析出有关,而软化现象则与β相的粗化和γ-TiH相的形成有关.     

Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb对成骨细胞生物活性影响的研究

研究Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb 3种钛金属表面经喷砂酸蚀处理后的表面形貌、亲水性及对成骨细胞生物活性的影响。在Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb 3种钛金属表面进行Al2O3喷砂和盐酸、硫酸混合物酸蚀的表面改性处理(SLA),通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察样品的表面形貌,通过接触角测量仪在显微镜下测量接触角的大小;将SD大鼠成骨细胞以1×104cells/m L密度接种于Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb表面后通过MTT活性实验观察成骨细胞在样品表面的增殖,通过SEM观察细胞在样品表面生长的形态,通过碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性实验,检测成骨细胞的分化能力。Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb在经过喷砂酸蚀处理后,表面均呈现出微米级多孔形貌,3种样品均为亲水性表面;细胞在SLA处理后的Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb表面增殖良好,细胞伸展显著;其中在Ti6Al7Nb表面细胞的增殖、黏附、分化能力最强。大颗粒喷砂酸蚀技术的表面处理方法能够促进Ti、Ti6Al4V和Ti6Al7Nb的生物活性;经SLA处理的Ti6Al7Nb比Ti和Ti6Al4V表现出更好的生物学活性,成骨细胞在其表面呈现出更好的增殖、黏附及分化能力。     

置氢Ti6Al4V合金的微观组织演变规律

为研究置氢Ti6Al4V合金的高温加工改性机理,从微观组织的角度对合金进行了对比分析.利用OM、SEM、XRD等研究了置氢对Ti6Al4V合金变形前后微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明:氢的加入不仅使置氢Ti6Al4V合金中β相比例明显增大,而且改变了α相与β相之间的电势差,在氢含量为0.3%~0.5%两相颜色将发生互换,氢含量增加到0.50%以上时,合金中将出现面心立方结构的δ氢化物;随氢含量的增加,合金超塑拉伸变形后的组织由α+β两相等轴晶粒变为粗大的β晶粒,造成α与β界面的协调能力下降,并改变了合金的变形机制.     

选区激光熔化Ti6Al4V合金的各向异性

采用金相分析和拉伸测试等方法,分析了激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V试样在不同沉积高度、不同方向截面的组织和性能。结果表明,平行于沉积方向的截面其组织类似柱状晶,具有较弱的织构特征;垂直于沉积方向的截面其组织为块状结构,具有较强的织构特征。选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V合金在沉积高度方向上的力学性能受柱状晶尺寸的影响,随着沉积高度的增大其抗拉强度和屈服强度先降低后升高而延伸率先提高后降低。织构和熔合不良等缺陷,使试样垂直于沉积方向上的强度和塑性都比平行于沉积方向的试样高。     

Improved Tribocorrosion Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy by Anodic Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Ti6Al4V alloy has good corrosion resistance due to the formation of the passive oxide films on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy. However, Ti6Al4V alloy has poor tribocorrosion resistance in the seawater environment. Herein the present work, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with the electrolyte of glycerol and sodium borate is used to generate PEO coatings on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy to improve its tribocorrosion properties. The microstructure and tribocorrosion properties of PEO coatings are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tribometer, respectively. The growth kinetics and the tribocorrosion mechanisms of PEO coatings are discussed in detail. It is shown in the results that PEO coatings deposited on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy are composed of rutile and anatase phases. The surface hardness and thickness of PEO coatings are enhanced with the increase of the voltage and time. The wear rate of Ti6Al4V alloy with PEO coatings is significantly reduced in artificial seawater.     

Ti6Al4V磁控溅射沉积Ti-Ag-(N)薄膜及其抗菌性的研究

利用磁控溅射法在医用钛合金Ti6Al4V表面制备Ti-Ag、Ti-Ag-N薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线能量色散谱、X射线光电子能谱分析薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构、化学成分和化学价态。采用平板计数法测试薄膜对大肠杆菌的抗菌性。研究结果表明:薄膜主要由Ti、Ag、(N)组成,且Ag是以Ag~0形式存在;与基材相比,两种薄膜对大肠杆菌(E.coli)均有抗菌性,且Ti-Ag-N薄膜表现出更优越的抗菌性能。     

超疏水Ti6Al4V表面的制备及其润湿性

为了使Ti6Al4V合金具有超疏水特性,采用激光技术加工规则点阵状纹理,然后采用自组装技术在试样表面制备自组装分子膜,得到了超疏水Ti6Al4V表面.激光加工构造的微米级点阵结构规整,形成了具有一定高度的类似锥台或柱状的凸起.通过激光加工和沉积自组装分子膜,Ti6Al4V试样表面的水接触角显著增大,最大可达到151°.将测得的接触角与分别用Wenzel模型和Cassie模型计算的理论值进行比较,实测结果更接近Cassie模型的结果.通过改变激光加工表面微结构的参数,可以控制表面接触角的大小.随着表面粗糙度值的增大,接触角呈增大趋势.当表面粗糙度大于4μm时,接触角均大于150°,形成超疏水表面.     

钛合金微弧氧化膜成分特性分析

钛合金微弧氧化膜层硬度大、耐蚀性好、电绝缘性好,可用于耐磨、耐蚀零件的处理.介绍了钛合金微弧氧化技术现状,采用引进设备,通过控制电压、电流密度、电解液浓度等参数在Ti6Al4V表面生成了膜层;测试了膜层的厚度、粗糙度、显微硬度及绝缘电阻值;采用X射线衍射及扫描电镜并结合能谱仪研究了膜层的结构、形貌及元素;分析了膜层的形成机理.结果表明,膜层厚度为22 μm,粗糙度Ra为2.0 μm,显微硬度为HV 2 200,绝缘电阻值为5 MΩ,包含非晶相和晶相-钛组织,是由膜层基体和大量的直径只有几微米的孔洞组成,主要包含O,Si,Ti和Al元素.     

Cu调控的TiN-Cu纳米复合膜包覆钛合金的抗菌性研究

利用磁控共溅射技术在钛合金(Ti6Al4V)表面包覆氮化钛-铜纳米(TiN-Cu)复合膜,并通过控制Cu靶溅射功率实现对TiN-Cu薄膜中Cu含量的调节,进而实现对材料耐蚀性和抗菌性的协同调控。采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪分析了包覆TiN-Cu纳米复合膜的钛合金的表面形貌、相结构、元素成分及价态,并在模拟体液条件下测试了该材料的耐腐蚀性能,通过体外抗菌实验评价了Cu含量对材料抗菌性的影响。结果表明:通过在Ti6Al4V表面包覆TiN-Cu纳米复合薄膜显著增强了材料的抗菌性;并抑制了有毒性的V⁴⁺、Al³⁺离子在体液中的释放。Cu靶溅射功率升高在提高TiN-Cu薄膜中Cu含量和薄膜沉积速率的同时,也导致了薄膜中大量柱状晶体结构的生成,加速了薄膜的腐蚀,但提高了抗菌性。综上,合理调控Cu的含量是协同提升TiN-Cu薄膜的耐腐蚀性及抗菌性的关键。     

Linear friction welding of Ti6Al4V: experiments and modelling

Linear friction welding of the Ti6Al4V alloy is studied. A new definition of the energy input rate is proposed, based on an integration over time of the in-plane force and velocity; a strong correlation with the upset rate is then found. The effective friction coefficient is estimated to be 0·5±0·1 for varying frequencies and amplitudes, with only a weak dependence on the processing conditions displayed. A model is proposed that accounts for both the conditioning and equilibrium stages of the process, which is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The model is used to study the mechanism by which the flash is formed. A criterion is proposed by which the rippled nature of its morphology can be predicted.     

Ti6Al4V表面纹理制备及其润湿性

采用激光加工技术在Ti6Al4V表面分别加工直线、网格和具有规则点阵状结构的表面纹理,采用自组装技术制备自组装分子膜。采用扫描电镜、形貌分析仪和接触角测量仪对成膜后的钛合金表面进行形貌和接触角的表征与测量。结果表明,通过激光加工和沉积自组装分子膜,可显著增大Ti6Al4V的水接触角。其中直线纹理的试样表面水接触角可达124.8°,网格纹理的试样表面接触角可达126.1°,点阵状纹理的试样表面接触角可达151.6°。表面接触角与表面粗糙度相关,随着表面粗糙度值的增大,接触角呈增大趋势,当表面粗糙度>4μm时,接触角均>150°,形成超疏水表面。     

Ti6Al4V合金热氢处理组织演变研究

应用热压缩、固溶淬火和真空退火热处理研究了未置氢和置氢0.18wt.%Ti6Al4V合金不同的工艺条件下的微观组织演变,并且通过硬度测试分析了微观组织和机械性能之间的关系.结果表明:置氢降低了Ti6Al4V合金的热变形抗力,促进了固溶淬火过程中马氏体转变的发生,使得真空退火得到的双态组织更加细小.对于未置氢和置氢的Ti6Al4V合金来说,合理的工艺顺序均应该是:热变形,固溶淬火和真空退火,并且最终都能得到双态组织.     

Ti6Al4V基体及其改性试样的冲击磨损行为分析

在Ti6Al4V合金基表面制备了N+注入与氮化层、TiN膜及DLC膜,进行小载荷反复冲击,分析不同冲击周次下磨痕形貌及磨坑深度,比较磨损性能。结果表明疲劳磨损是反复冲击条件下实验试样的共同失效机制,主要表现为疲劳剥落。改性后试样的抗冲击磨损能力较基体材料均有提高,其中N+注入与氮化的"长程强化效应"使试样在较高冲击周次保持良好的抗磨性能;晶态结构TiN膜层由于较高的表层硬度,提高了试样的耐磨性,尤其是较低的冲击周次下;DLC膜的特殊非晶态结构,使其在整个冲击过程中具有小的磨损深度,高的失效周次。     

Ti6Al4V合金SIM熔炼过程中氧元素的溶解与控制

建立了氧元素溶解到Ｔｉ６Ａｌ４Ｖ合金中的热力学模型,并以此计算了ＩＳＭ熔炼过程中氧元素在ＴｉＡｌ４Ｖ合金熔体中熔解度,分析了影响氧元素在ＴｉＡｌ４Ｖ合金中溶解度的几个因素。结果表明,熔化室内氧气分压是决定Ｔｉ６Ａｌ４Ｖ合金氧含量的主要因素,需要合理控制,同时提出了利用多次抽真空反充氩气以降低熔化室内氧气分压的方法,该方法在降低Ｔｉ６Ａｌ４Ｖ合金中的氧含量方面取得明显效果。     

Effect of calcium-ion implantation on the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of the Ti6Al4V alloy

The corrosion resistance and bioactivity of Ti6Al4V alloy after calcium-ion implantation were examined. Polished samples were implanted with a dose of 10¹⁷ Na⁺/cm² at a beam energy of 25 keV. The chemical composition of the surface layer formed during the implantation was determined by XPS and SIMS. The bioactivity of the samples was evaluated by soaking them in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 168 and 720 h. The corrosion resistance in SBF at 37 °C was determined by electrochemical methods after exposure in SBF for various times. The surfaces of the samples before and after examinations were observed by optical microscopy, SEM-EDS and AFM.The results of the corrosion examinations indicated that under stationary conditions and after short-term exposures, the calcium-ion implanted titanium alloy had an increased corrosion resistance, but during the anodic polarization, calcium-implanted samples underwent pitting corrosion. The microscopic observations show that the precipitations of calcium phosphates are present on the surface, but they do not form a continuous layer.     

Design and characterization of bioceramic coating materials for Ti6Al4V

Novel bioceramics used as coating materials for Ti6Al4V were designed and characterized by adjusting the thermal expansion coefficient. The results show that the thermal expansion coefficient (α) of 6PM-B5-F4 coating is 10.1×10⁻⁶/°C, which matched that of Ti6Al4V. The bonding strength between the alloy and 6PM-B5-F4 coating was further measured by the longitudinal pull-off test. The in vitro response of the bioceramic was studied by immersing the specimens in simulated body fluid (SBF). The bioceramic morphology and structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).