Effect of different types of food loads on the rate of emptying of the gastric stump in patients with the dumping syndrome after gastric resection

The influence of carbohydrate, carbohydrate-fatty and protein test breakfasts on the rate of gastric stump evacuation was studied in 62 patients with dumping syndrome of mild and moderate severity, using the x-ray method developed by the authors. It has been established that in patients with dumping syndrome carbohydrate and carbohydrate-fatty food is most quickly evacuated from the gastric stump. Doubled amount of fat in the carbohydrate-fatty breakfast (up to 40 g) induced no significant deceleration in the gastric stump evacuation, moreover, in some cases its evacuatory function was accelerated. Intake of mineral water before breakfast did not noticeably influence the rate of gastric stump evacuation after carbohydrate and carbohydrate-fatty breakfasts, and significantly decelerates the gastric stump evacuation after protein breakfast.     

Nature of the enzymopathies following gastric resection for peptic ulcer

Activity of the enzymes of local and overall biological actions was examined in a group of patients who had suffered gastric resection for peptic ulcer. The studies revealed enzymopathies of 2 types. The type I enzymopathy arises from deficiency of the enzymes implicated in digestion of food, while the type II enzymopathy is determined by abnormality of the mediator-enzymatic balance in the neurohumoral system. The enzymopathy pattern should be taken into consideration while deciding on a pathogenetically validated treatment.     

Effects of wheat bran on the rate of gastric stump and small intestine evacuation in patients with dumping syndrome after stomach resection

A total of 65 patients with dumping syndrome after gastric resection were under study. It has been found that addition of 10 and 20 g of wheat bran to semolina porridge significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibits the rate of gastric stump and small intestine evacuation, and in 1/3 of the patients it promotes lowered manifestation and duration of dumping syndrome. It has been suggested that the inhibitory action of wheat bran is caused by bran viscosity and, probably, mediated by intestinal hormones released from endocrine cells of the small intestine mucosa. The results of the investigations conducted can be used in the validation of the diet therapy of patients with dumping syndrome.     

The nutrition of patients who have undergone vertical gastroplasty for severe forms of obesity]

The energy ration value and supply of the main nutrients were studied by 24-h reproduction before and after operations in 33 morbid obesity patients who had undergone vertical gastroplastic surgery. The surgery was accompanied by reducing of surplus mass of the body by 25-71.7% and at the same time by reducing caloric content of the ration from average 4726.9 kcal before the operation to 1087 kcal during the first three months after the operation followed by a rise to 1490.0 kcal in 12-24 months. The deficient quota of protein and stable reduction of consumption of vitamins E, PP, B2, B1, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus were stated in postoperative rations (to 40-50% from recommended rates). The diet recommended after restricting operations on the stomach for obese patients on principles of diets for obesity patients was designed. The need to use protein-vitamin-mineral additives with individually adjusted compositions and dosages is shown.     

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Effect of diet and drug therapy on the rehabilitation processes in patients who have undergone radical surgery for stomach tumor

On the basis of the follow up of 141 patients after radical operations for gastric cancer, special diet variants have been developed with due regard for postoperative terms and the character of complications after gastric resection. Positive results of dietotherapy were recorded in 71.5% of the patients, that was evidenced by their clinical picture and laboratory data: coprological, biochemical and immunological. The condition was not changed in 15.6% of the patients, negative shifts were noted in 18 patients (12.7%), in 12 of them relapses or metastases of the tumor were recorded.     

Creating a Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid strain having 21 chromosomes

Chromosome engineering techniques that can manipulate a large segment of chromosomal DNA are useful not only for studying the organization of eukaryotic genomes but also for the improvement of industrially important strains. Toward the development of techniques that can efficiently manipulate a large segment of chromosome, we have previously reported a one-step chromosome splitting technique in a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell, with which we could successfully split yeast chromosome 11, XIII, or XI into two halves to create a haploid strain having 17 chromosomes. We have now constructed chromosome splitting vectors bearing ADE2, HIS3, LEU2, or TRP1 marker, and by using these vectors, we could successively split yeast chromosomes to create a novel yeast haploid strain having up to 21 chromosomes. The specific growth rates of yeast strains carrying more than 16 chromosomes up to 21 did not differ significantly, suggesting that yeast cells can harbor more chromosomes than they do in their natural state, that is, 16 chromosomes, without serious effects on their growth.     

Intravenous nutrition of patients after resection of the small intestine

The analysis of clinical, physiological and biochemical parameters in patients with the syndrome of short loop has evidenced that the state of such patients is incompatible with life preservation, which has been confirmed by a high lethality rate. The only possibility to prolong their life is the chronic adequate parenteral nutrition that should include 1.5-2 g protein/kg, daily, and 130-140 kcal/each gram of nitrogen introduced. Special attention should be paid to the correction of the mineral metabolism and providing with vitamins.     

Role of modern diet therapy in the prevention of visceral complications in patients with dietary obesity

The examination and treatment of 547 patients with alimentary obesity revealed in them significant impairments of myocardial contractility, manifest hemodynamic disorders (in 65.5% of patients), marked changes in lipid metabolism (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipacidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa in 26,5%, type IIb in 14,5%, type IV in 32,5% of patients), as well as reduced activity of the T-immunity system, all these changes being prerequisites for the development of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. During examination of the patients' liver, fatty hepatosis was detected in 91.4%, chronic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 14% of patients, manifest shifts were found in their bile biochemical composition, leading to the development of cholelithiasis. The incretory dysfunction of the pancreas led to carbohydrate imbalance in 43%, and to diabetes mellitus in 7.5% of patients. Under the effect of the treatment (diet, exercise therapy, oxygenotherapy, hydrotherapy) conducted in the alimentary obesity patients, lessening of the pathologic process was observed in the heart, liver and pancreas, their functions being significantly improved. It has been concluded that normalization of the body weight in obese subjects is a measure preventing atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, essential hypertension, fatty hepatosis, steatohepatitis, cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus.     

Prevalence of contact lens related complications in a tertiary eye centre in India

Aim

To determine the prevalence of contact lens related complications in a tertiary eye care centre in India.

Methods

A retrospective review of the charts of 1255 patients who visited our contact lens clinic during 2001-2004 was conducted. The inclusion criteria included patients of at least 18 years of age, having refractive errors and keratoconus. Exclusion criteria included previous corneal surgeries and pediatric patients. 190 subjects with lens related complications were identified from among 923 patients who were using lenses.

Results

The prevalence of contact lens complications was 20.58%. Females with complications were more common (59.47%). The complications were more common in students. The most common complications were contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis (CLPC) (6.39%), corneal vascularisation (4%), and superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) (3.5%). The total complications were less prevalent in patients wearing rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses as compared to soft contact lenses. Infectious keratitis was noted in 8 eyes. Pseudomonas aeuroginosa was the most common organism isolated. The average daily wear with RGP lenses was 11.04 ± 3.7 h and 10.96 ± 3 h with soft contact lens. The highest number of complications was noted in 47.89% patients who were wearing lenses for excess of 11 h. The number of patients with complications arising due to sleeping with the lenses was 74 (38.95%).

Conclusion

Prevalence of contact lens complications was more in soft contact lens wearers compared to RGP wearers. CLPC was the most common complication followed by vascularisation and SPK.     

具有近似停歇要求的曲柄摇杆机构设计

本文讨论了曲柄摇杆机构的运动特性，并给出了曲柄摇杆机构满足一定近似停歇要求的公式与设计步骤。     

Enhanced hydrogen production by a mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides having an altered light-harvesting system

A stable mutant of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides with an altered light-harvesting (LH) system (P3 mutant) was obtained by UV irradiation and characterized. The mutant exhibited a 2.7-fold decrease in the core antennal (LH1) content and 1.6-fold increase in peripheral antennal (LH2) content compared to the wild-type strain. The H2 evolution rates in the P3 mutant under 800- and 850-nm light, corresponding to the absorption maxima of LH2, were 1.5 times higher than in the wild-type strain. The wild-type absorption spectrum was restored in the P3 mutant when a 1.1-kb PCR-amplified fragment containing the puf promoter and pufQBA genes was ligated into a pRK-415 derivative and introduced into it. The transformant showed lower H2 production rates at 800 and 850 nm than the P3 strain carrying the control plasmid, indicating that the accelerated H2 production in the P3 mutant was a result of alterations in the LH system.     

再谈合理利用非木材纤维 任重而道远

中国造纸工业的发展要依靠政策,政策的导向具有十分重要的作用.考核政策的标准是看能否推动中国造纸工业更快更好更省的发展.建国以来我国造纸工业的原料政策多次调整,有过长期的"草木之争",表明对于客观事物人们有不同的认识和反映.