上海在建的三座大型城市污水处理厂介绍(一)--上海石洞口污水处理厂

介绍了上海市在建的三座大型污水处理厂的基本情况石洞口污水处理厂采用二级加强生物除磷脱氮工艺,白龙港污水处理厂采用一级加强物化法除磷处理工艺,竹园第一污水处理厂采用一级加强生物化学絮凝处理工艺;同时对三座污水处理厂的工艺流程,主要设计技术参数及污泥处理,总工程造价等进行了说明.     

石家庄市污水回用工程中的自动化设计

石家庄市污水回用工程是石家庄市引水入市工程的配套工程。工程的主要流程是 ,化学除磷、絮凝、过滤、消毒等。在工程实施时 ,为了确保出水水质 ,降低工作强度 ,对各工艺过程根据不同情况 ,采用不同的设计思路 ,配置相应的过程仪表 ,实现加药、过滤等过程的自动化。介绍了加药系统、高负荷快速沉淀池、V型滤池的控制系统流程     

高盐景观水体除磷、除藻药剂优选及复配

淡水盐碱化是全球范围内面临的一个新兴环境问题,其中城镇内人工景观水体表现尤为突出。高盐景观水体盐度大,导致植物不易生长,藻类逐渐成为优势种群,影响观感。通过絮凝法同时除磷、除藻,使景观水体恢复藻类爆发前的状态。研究11种絮凝药剂对TP、Chla(叶绿素a)的去除效率,其中PAC除磷效果很好,CPAM可以有效除藻。经过浓度梯度优选实验,优选出PAC和CPAM的最优投加浓度,并进行复配试验。复配结果为当PAC投加浓度10mg/L、CPAM投加浓度3mg/L时组合除磷、除藻效果最佳,TP平均去除率为92.52%,Chla平均去除率为98.32%。     

奥运公园龙形水系高效过滤技术研究与应用

结合北京奥运会的重点工程——北京奥林匹克公园中心区龙形水系高效过滤、强化去磷系统工程;综合最新的过滤技术、吸附除氨氮技术、除磷技术、除藻技术和介质再生技术,研究开发了集成化的高效的水净化循环处理系统。研究结果表明龙形水系高效过滤、强化去磷系统微絮凝的最佳选择为PAC,最佳投药量为3.0 mg/L;沸石作为本系统吸附除氨氮的主要物质,其介质最好粒径范围:(1.0～2.0)mm,最佳无机改性剂为NaCl,且NaCl不会造成新的污染,每克沸石具有吸附18.0 mgNH3-N的极限潜力;本系统最佳的水藻抑制剂为澳大利亚的Alge Strave高浓缩水藻抑制剂,可以破坏水藻抑制剂,对鱼类未产生不良影响。     

草甘膦废水预处理研究与工程应用

某草甘膦废水处理站已无法达到处理要求,需要进行改造.为了减轻后续的生化处理负荷,强化对草甘膦废水的除磷预处理,选用电絮凝氧化、Fenton氧化和电磁-Fenton氧化3种工艺作为草甘膦废水预处理工艺,进行了比选试验.试验结果表明,Fenton氧化为本工程的草甘膦废水最佳预处理工艺,可达到预期效果.     

化学絮凝法处理海产品加工中高浓度含磷废水

针对海产品加工中高浓度含磷废水(1 000 mg/L)会恶化生物除磷的问题,通过化学絮凝法对高磷废水进行处理,分析了几种单一与混合絮凝剂的除磷效果。结果表明:聚合氯化铝与海泡石以质量比m_(聚合氯化铝)∶m_(海泡石)=10∶3制作的混合絮凝剂,在投加量为26 g/L,快速搅拌(160 r/min) 60 min,慢速搅拌(80 r/min) 30 min后,磷去除率最高,达到99. 68%。混合絮凝剂絮凝沉淀物的XRD分析表明,沉淀的主要成分为CaAl_3(PO_3OH)SiO_3,说明海泡石中含有的CaO和SiO_2成分对磷的去除有促进作用。     

低温低浊重度污染地表水化学除磷工艺的研究

针对低温低浊地表水化学絮凝沉淀除磷工艺中絮体颗粒碰撞机会少、极限沉降速度慢等问题,经试验表明:适当的生化污泥载体和混凝剂优化,可以实现絮凝沉淀池的稳定运行。混凝剂选用聚铝铁,相比原聚氯化铝(PAC),可明显提高絮凝效果,絮体沉速提高约30%～40%,出水总磷达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水标准,同时改善了排泥脱泥的效果。     

微絮凝强化除磷生物活性炭处理人工景观水体研究

针对生物活性炭对磷去除能力有限的问题,开展了微絮凝强化除磷生物活性炭工艺处理人工景观水体研究,并讨论了投加药剂对氨氮、有机物等其他污染物去除的影响。结果表明,与普通生物活性炭工艺相比,在水力停留时间为78min、投加系数为23条件下,总磷的平均去除率可以提高40个百分点以上。投加药剂可以促进氨氮的去除,而对有机物的去除具有一定的负面影响。     

生活污水生物除磷研究及工艺发展进程

生活污水除磷是一项重要的水污染控制技术.综述了处理生活污水常用的传统生物除磷工艺和反硝化除磷工艺,以及各种生物除磷工艺的优缺点.针对不同的水质以及达标要求,可以选择适合的工艺,对于实际工程有指导意义.     

芜湖市某污水处理厂一期工程二级处理工艺方案比选

文章介绍了芜湖市某污水处理厂一期工程的进水水质分析和出水水质要求,分析认为该工程适宜采用脱氮除磷二级生化处理工艺。通过对改良AAO、氧化沟、MSBR等三种二级生物处理工艺方案的优缺点进行对比,最终确定采用改良型AAO工艺作为二级生物处理工艺,实现污水高效处理。     

Direct precipitation on demand at large Scandinavian WWTPs reduces the effluent phosphorus load

On demand use of direct precipitation of wastewater has been successfully implemented at several large Scandinavian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a cost-efficient method of treating wastewater bypassing secondary treatment. During wet weather situations or when the capacity of secondary treatment is reduced excess wastewater can be treated through efficient direct precipitation. This increases the total capacity of the WWTP to remove phosphorus during these periods. This treatment strategy allows the WWTPs to meet stringent effluent phosphorus limits without extending secondary treatment of the main plant, despite high wet weather flows. The gain in terms of reduced phosphorus emissions varies depending on local conditions such as climate, collection system and secondary treatment capacity. It also varies from year to year depending on the weather and reductions of capacity due to planned refurbishing or unplanned breakdown of equipment. Operating chemical precipitation on demand has proved to contain challenges to operation and organisation of the WWTP. These challenges include logistics of start-up, training of staff and maintaining the system between occasions of operation. Sufficient up-stream storage capacity, reliable weather forecasts and good contracts with suppliers of chemicals are keys of success.     

投加短管填料对活性污泥工艺性能的改善

在传统活性污泥工艺中投加聚氯乙烯短管填料,研究投加短管填料对活性污泥工艺性能的影响,将该系统应用于城市污水处理试验研究,并与单一活性污泥系统进行对比研究。结果表明,投加短管填料可以改善活性污泥工艺性能,系统对有机物及氮、磷去除效果显著,可在同一反应器内实现脱氮除磷。与活性污泥系统相比,投加短管填料反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

SRB法处理酸性矿山废水的实验研究

硫酸盐酸性矿山废水是我国矿区水污染中对生态环境破坏影响最大的污染源之一,通过实验室静态实验确定高效SRB最佳生长条件参数为温度35℃,pH 7.0,COD/SO42-比值为1.3,Fe2+=150 mg/L。最后,利用自行设计、研制的内升流(流化床)外降流(生物膜滤池)式厌氧生物反应器进行同步除硫、脱氮、除磷、去除重金属离子酸性废水综合治理的可行性研究,实验表明这一研究思路和工艺设计是可行性的,废水综合处理可达到较为满意的效果。     

Re-use of winery wastewaters for biological nutrient removal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the re-use of the winery wastewater to enhance the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. In batch experiments it was observed that the addition of winery wastewater mainly enhanced the nitrogen removal process because of the high denitrification potential (DNP), of about 130 mg N/g COD, of the contained substrates. This value is very similar to that obtained by using pure organic substrates such as acetate. The addition of winery wastewater did not significantly affect either phosphorus or COD removal processes. Based on the experimental results obtained, the optimum dosage to remove each mg of N-NO3 was determined, being a value of 6.7 mg COD/mg N-NO3. Because of the good properties of the winery wastewater to enhance the nitrogen removal, the viability of its continuous addition in an activated sludge pilot-scale plant for BNR was studied. Dosing the winery wastewater to the pilot plant a significant increase in the nitrogen removal was detected, from 58 to 75%. The COD removal was slightly increased, from 89 to 95%, and the phosphorus removal remained constant.     

污水处理领域磷回收技术及其应用

介绍了国内外从污水中磷回收研究与应用现状,多以含磷丰富的污泥脱水上清液、厌氧污泥消化液以及富磷废水为磷源,鸟粪石、磷酸钙等沉淀是目前广泛采用的回收形式。简述污水处理领域的磷回收技术有沉淀法,结晶法,电渗析法、离子交换等。沉淀法中鸟粪石、磷酸钙等的研究相对较为成熟,应用较多。最后展望了我国污水处理领域磷回收前景,2005年我国污水中的磷量相当于2000年全国磷矿开采量的42.7%,具有广泛的回收前景和环境经济效益。     

Phosphorus removal from synthetic and municipal wastewater using spent alum sludge.

In the present study, phosphorus removal was studied using as coagulant spent alum sludge from a water treatment plant of EYDAP (Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company) and compared to alum (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O), iron chloride (FeCl3.7H2O), iron sulfate (Fe2(S04).10H2O) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) at a constant pH (equal to 6).The comparison was based on their efficiency to remove phosphorus in synthetic wastewater consisting of 10 mg/L P as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 mg/L N as ammonium chloride, The experiments were carried out using a jar-test apparatus and the measurements were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Pure alum, iron chloride and iron sulfate were much more efficient in phosphorus removal than the spent alum sludge but in the case of calcium hydroxide, phosphorus removal was very low in pH = 6. Specifically, orthophosphate were totally removed by alum using 15 mg/L as Al, by alum sludge using 75 mg/L as Al and by FeCl3.7H2O or Fe2(SO4).10H2O using 30 mg/L of Fe while in the case of calcium hydroxide P removal was actually zero. pH measurements showed that the uptake of phosphates is associated to the release of OH ions in the solution and that the end of P uptake is accompanied by the stabilization of pH. Finally this spent alum sludge was tested on municipal wastewater and proved to be effective as apart from phosphorus it was shown to remove turbidity and COD.     

Automatic control and remote monitoring system for biological nutrient removal on small wastewater treatment plants in Korea.

Many small-size wastewater treatment plants in Korea's rural communities are designed to remove organic and suspended matter only, and they generally show a large fluctuation in the influent loading compared to municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs). They also have no professional engineers stationed for efficient operation against mechanical breakdown. For those reasons, the wastewater treatment plants have low efficiency in treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter. In order to solve those problems, this study developed an automatic control system and RMS (remote monitoring system), which can keep efficiency stable despite any change in the small plants' loading rates and are capable of removing nutrient materials such as nitrogen or phosphorus. According to the results of the Experimental SBR system of the automatic control program, complete nitrification was made under oxic conditions and denitrification occurred as NO3-N concentration decreased by 0.5 mg/l in anoxic conditions and excellent nitrogen removal efficiency was seen generally. The Experimental SBR system created "phosphate release and uptake" effectively and displayed phosphate-removing efficiency up to more than 80% as the concentration of effluent was kept low by 0.4 mg/l. RMS developed in this study transmits a plant's data and operation states to clients in remote locations in real-time interval through the Internet. Therefore, although you are in a remote location, it allows you to see if a plant is properly operated or there is any breakdown.     

Towards a complete recycling of phosphorus in wastewater treatment--options in Germany

Global reserves of mineral phosphorus are finite and the recycling of phosphorus from wastewater, a significant sink for phosphorus, can contribute to a more sustainable use. In Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, an increasing percentage of municipal sewage sludge is incinerated and the contained phosphorus is lost. This paper reviews current technologies and shows that a complete phosphorus recovery from wastewater is technically feasible. Depending on the composition of the sewage sludge ash (SSA), there are various options for phosphorus recovery that are presented. Iron-poor SSAs can be used directly as substitute for phosphate rock in the electrothermal phosphorus process. SSAs with low heavy metal contents can be used as fertilizer without prior metal elimination. Ashes not suitable for direct recycling can be processed by thermal processes. Operators of wastewater treatment plants can additionally influence the ash composition via the selection of precipitants and the control of (indirect) dischargers. This way, they can choose the most suitable phosphorus recovery option. For sewage sludge that is co-incinerated in power plants, municipal waste incinerators or cement kilns phosphorus recovery is not possible. The phosphorus is lost forever.     

海岸带陆源水污染负荷模型研究

综合采用GM(1,1)模型和曲线拟合法,建立了适合海岸带的陆源水污染负荷预测模型,并将其应用于烟台市,对2009—2013年的主要污染负荷量进行了预测。结果表明:在点源污染负荷中,生活废水所占比例最大,政府应当加强生活用水管理;工业废水污染负荷总体呈增大趋势,但万元产值工业废水排放量逐年下降;旅游废水污染负荷所占比例最小,但近年来增长迅速;生活废水排放的氮磷占点源氮磷污染总负荷的66%,是氮磷的主要来源之一,而农业非点源中的畜禽养殖废水排放氮磷占总氮磷污染负荷的一半以上,具有最大的氮磷污染潜在隐患。     

Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal.

In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.