甲醇汽车与甲醇燃料

甲醇是含氧燃料之一，它同传统的汽油存在一定的差别，因此设计制造甲醇发动机和甲醇汽车都应考虑甲醇的特性，同时甲醇汽车所使用的燃料必须符合燃料甲醇质量标准，以保证发动机的正常运行。     

点燃式发动机上应用甲醇燃料的试验研究

本文介绍了在四冲程和二冲程汽车用点燃式发动机上,应用甲醇燃料(M 100)的情况。试验结果表明,内燃机使用甲醇燃料有利于综合利用资源,而且很容易改装成甲醇发动机。     

一种单燃料纯甲醇发动机冷起动技术研究

文章针对目前甲醇汽车发动机生产厂家广泛采用的副油箱式辅助冷起动系统的缺陷,根据甲醇发动机的低温起动特性,研制了一种安装在进气总管的新型纯甲醇汽车发动机冷起动装置。该装置通过甲醇发动机进气预热冷起动技术,使得甲醇发动机低温起动时,甲醇燃料的蒸汽浓度能够达到着火点。试验结果表明,采用该冷起动技术后,甲醇发动机在环境温度为-10℃时可以实现冷起动,从而为单燃料纯甲醇发动机冷起动技术的应用与改进提供一定参考。     

甲醇汽油添加剂与调配技术

介绍了中国甲醇车用燃料研发的历程及巨澜牌甲醇汽油的使用范围。指出,不需要采用甲醇专用发动机,也不必改装汽车就能使用大比例甲醇汽油,指出,甲醇汽油煤基醇醚燃料在车用能源领域实现大比例替代石油的新途径。     

我国研制成功完全用甲醇做燃料的发动机

我国第一台完全用甲醇做燃料的发动机 ,2 0 0 0年年底在山西省大同汽车制造厂研制成功。这种全甲醇新式发动机的显著特点是 :10 0 %燃烧甲醇 ,不用添加汽油。目前 ,世界上最先进的甲醇发动机需加入 15%的汽油。它较好地解决了传统甲醇发动机经常出现的雾化程度不高、燃烧不净的问题 ,燃料消耗比传统甲醇发动机下降30 %以上。它的成本与普通汽油发动机相当 ,各种化油器式燃汽油汽车发动机均可进行改造 ,可以较彻底地解决汽车尾气对环境的污染。专家指出 ,全甲醇新式发动机的问世和推广 ,将促进煤制甲醇产业和“绿色汽车”工业的发展。它一方…     

日本 德国甲醇及代用燃料发动机汽车情况

介绍了日本、德国甲醇及代用燃料发动机汽车的发展情况 ,肯定了山西省甲醇汽车示范工程取得的成绩 ,对国内发展汽车代用燃料提出建议。     

甲醇和二甲醚燃料在发动机中的应用现状

论述了我国发展甲醇和二甲醚燃料的必要性,并分析了甲醇和二甲醚(DME)作为发动机燃料的优势和不利因素,详细阐述了目前汽油机、柴油机和HCCI发动机燃用甲醇和二甲醚燃料的现状,指出了今后发动机代用燃料的发展方向。     

甲醇燃料在柴油机中的应用与发展

本文论述了我国发展甲醇燃料的必要性，并分析了甲醇作为柴油机代用燃料的优势和不利因素，详细阐述了目前发动机燃用甲醇燃料的各种方法及其优缺点，指出了今后柴油机燃用甲醇燃料的趋势。     

未来的酒精汽车

联邦德国汽车工程师塞费尔特和沃尔兹预言:未来的汽车基本上是由塑料和铝制成的。这种汽车装有一个陶瓷制成的发动机部件和一个可变传动系统,並以甲酵为动力燃料。到本世纪末,在公路上行驶的汽车将只有一半以汽油为燃料的,而四分之一的汽车使用从煤中提炼出来的燃料。到那时,除了52％的汽车使用汽油外,使用甲醇作为动力     

消息动态

日将推进汽车燃料甲醇化低公害甲醇汽车在日本投入使用据日本《朝日新闻》报道,由日本甲醇汽车公司生产的首批甲醇汽车不久前在东京交付使用.甲醇作为汽车的下一代燃料正在引起人们重视.甲醇也称木醇,是无色易燃的液体.它可以用一氧化碳和氢直接合成,也可以从天然气、煤炭和石油中提取.目前,甲醇主要用于生产甲醛、化学合成物质、涂料和药品,还很少作为燃料使用.     

中国车用甲醇发展评述

随着近年来我国交通能耗的快速增长和石油进口依存度的不断攀升,发展车用甲醇的呼声越来越高。为了分析我国在发展车用甲醇的前景和可行性,为制定相关政策提供有效支撑,本文从发达国家车用甲醇发展的历史经验出发,结合中国甲醇制造业发展情况,对我国车用甲醇发展的现状和趋势进行了分析评述,并提出了我国发展车用甲醇燃料的政策建议。     

醇燃料-未来汽车的石油替代燃料

根据我国能源资源状况,并结合现有车用燃料特性,指出寻求并确定符合我国能源特点的石油替代燃料已是当务之急。通过对几种主要替代燃料的分析研究表明:醇类燃料尤其是甲醇是最理想的替代燃料。开展甲醇作为车用燃料的系统研究与应用对于我国能源及汽车工业实现可持续发展至关重要。     

甲醇燃料在车用发动机上的应用研究

结合甲醇燃料的理化特性,分别在495Q和JT468Q汽油发动机进行了燃用高比例M85甲醇汽油燃料和全甲醇燃料的对比试验。试验结果表明：直接燃烧定比例甲醇燃料时,功率和扭矩都略有提高;提高压缩比后,功率和扭矩都大幅度提高,燃油消耗也大幅度降低、排放明显改善。     

Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Fuel cell vehicles, as the most promising clean vehicle technology for the future, represent the major chances for the developing world to avoid high-carbon lock-in in the transportation sector. In this paper, by taking China as an example, the unique advantages for China to deploy fuel cell vehicles are reviewed. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 19 fuel cell vehicle utilization pathways by using the life cycle assessment approach. The results show that with the current grid mix in China, hydrogen from water electrolysis has the highest GHG emissions, at 3.10 kgCO₂/km, while by-product hydrogen from the chlor-alkali industry has the lowest level, at 0.08 kgCO₂/km. Regarding hydrogen storage and transportation, a combination of gas-hydrogen road transportation and single compression in the refueling station has the lowest GHG emissions. Regarding vehicle operation, GHG emissions from indirect methanol fuel cell are proved to be lower than those from direct hydrogen fuel cells. It is recommended that although fuel cell vehicles are promising for the developing world in reducing GHG emissions, the vehicle technology and hydrogen production issues should be well addressed to ensure the life-cycle low-carbon performance.     

液态甲醇在燃料与化工产业的推广应用

介绍了甲醇的物化特性和甲醇用作替代汽、柴油燃料的优点（清洁环保、经济性好、动力性好、辛烷值高、安全性好、原料来源丰富）。比较了甲醇与汽、柴油的毒性和安全性,以及用作车用燃料时,甲醇与汽、柴油车的常规排放物和非常规排放物。指出甲醇是比汽油和柴油更清洁的车用燃料。分析了甲醇作为化工原料可生产二甲醚、乙烯、甲醛和各种衍生物。最后推荐了煤炭和煤层气制液态甲醇的综合利用技术路线。     

甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机的性能

在一台柴油机基础上，采用气道口电控喷射甲醇，缸内柴油引燃甲醇的方式，开发了电控甲醇／柴油双燃料样机，并通过发动机台架实验，研究了柴油／甲醇双燃料燃烧模式在燃烧特性、燃油经济性及排放性能方面的特点．与原发动机相比，双燃料模式的最高爆发压力下降，压力升高率上升，排烟和NOx大幅度下降，但THC和CO排放均升高．该方法能使甲醇喷射量得到精确控制以便燃烧达到最佳状态，是甲醇／柴油双燃料发动机可行的技术方案．     

国外甲醇汽油的发展与启示

国外甲醇汽油的发展主要经历了研究开发、示范推广、衰退3个阶段。由于20世纪70年代两次石油危机,德国、瑞典、美国等先后开展了甲醇替代能源的研究。20世纪80年代,在改善大气环境质量的推动下,甲醇被列为清洁燃料,得到了进一步的示范推广。但20世纪80年代末以后,在欧洲甲醇汽油逐步被乙醇汽油取代。1998年后,美国甲醇燃料汽车和甲醇燃料也都开始减少。人们不愿意接受甲醇汽油的根本原因是其暴露出的诸多缺点,包括:甲醇有毒,易造成人员伤害,严重时可导致失明甚至致命;腐蚀性强,短时间难以察觉,缩短汽车使用寿命;热值只有汽油的一半,限制了车辆的行驶距离;甲醇汽油冬季冷启动困难,而夏季又易发生"气阻"现象;甲醇汽车尾气中甲醛等非常规排放远高于普通汽油,而甲醛为强致癌物质。同时经济上失去竞争力也加速了甲醇汽油的衰退。根据对国外甲醇汽油发展过程的调查和分析研究,建议中国应禁止使用甲醇汽油;即使要强行使用甲醇汽油,也应做好各方面的充分准备。实际上,在中国推行甲醇汽油,最终受益的将是中东和新西兰甲醇生产商,而非中国甲醇行业。     

Experimental analysis of methanol cross-over in a direct methanol fuel cell

Methanol cross-over through the polymeric membrane is one of the main causes limiting direct methanol fuel cell performances. It causes fuel wasting and enhances cathode overpotential. A repeatable and reproducible measurement system, that assures the traceability of the measurement to international reference standards, is necessary to compare different fuel cell construction materials. In this work a method to evaluate methanol cross-over rate and operating condition influence is presented and qualified in term of measurement uncertainty. In the investigated range, the methanol cross-over rate results mainly due to diffusion through the membrane, in fact it is strongly affected by temperature. Moreover the cross-over influence on fuel utilization and fuel cell efficiency is investigated. The methanol cross-over rate appears linearly proportional to electrochemical fuel utilization and values, obtained by measurements at different anode flow rate but constant electrochemical fuel utilization, are roughly equal; methanol wasting, due to cross-over, is considerable and can still be higher than electrochemical utilization. The fuel recirculation effect on energy efficiency has been investigated and it was found that fuel recirculation gives more advantage at low temperature, but fuel cell energy efficiency results are in any event higher at high temperature.     

Exergy-based modular design of an on-board MeOH-to-H2 processor for fuel cell vehicles

In this article, the exergy-based modular design is utilized to assess the overall exergy efficiency of the integrated methanol reforming fuel cell (a combination of on-board MeOH-to-H₂ processor and proton exchange membrane fuel cell) and improve the 3D modular layout of MeOH-to-H₂ processor. It is noted that the preheating system improvement can save installation space as well as increase the overall exergy efficiency. Finally, the 3D modular layout of the new integrated methanol reforming fuel cell (IMRFC) installed into the BMW vehicle chassis demonstrates that this IMRFC vehicle could become a feasible option as compared to the 2016 Toyota Mirai hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.     

Estimation of forest area near deserts — production of Global Bio-Methanol from solar energy

This paper proposes a new synthesis method for methanol as a future alternative fuel, by the combination of carbon supplied from wood and hydrogen supplied from the electrolysis of water using a solar power generation system in the desert. In the developed countries, more than half of the potential forest area has already been converted into other land uses, while existing forests are well organized and available for wood production. In the developing countries, potential forest sites are expected to be available for wood production, even though they are presently grasslands or secondary forests, while natural tropical forests will not be allowed to be converted into artificial forests. The area available for plantations within 500 km distant from deserts was estimated to be 65 Mha in the world, except for the mountain areas. Biomass production from these sites will be converted annually into 980 Mt methanol with hydrogen from the deserts. This amount is equal to 34% of the world's fuel consumption by vehicles.