阳离子型水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及表征

合成了一系列的阳离子型水性聚氨酯乳液。研究了软段相对分子质量、预聚体的NCO含量对其干膜物理机械性能的影响以及中和剂种类对乳液性能的影响。通过动态力学分析对其阻尼行为进行了表征。结果表明：预聚体的NCO含量不同即硬段含量不同对阳离子型水性聚氨酯的微相结构和阻尼行为有很大的影响。     

氨基有机硅及其复合乳液的制备研究

先利用八甲基环四硅氧烷和氨基偶联剂反应制备氨基有机硅中间体;在八甲基环四硅氧烷中加入一定比例的四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷和氨基偶联剂反应制备氨基乙烯基有机硅中间体.并分别进行了氨堆有机硅中间体与聚氨酯的共聚及乳化、氨基乙烯基有机硅与丙烯酸酯的复合乳液共聚,进行了相应的结构分析.研究结果表明,所制备的氨基硅乳液中,聚丙烯酸酯/氨基有饥硅共聚乳液的粒径最小,分布最均匀;结构分析证明氨基有机硅与聚氨酯及丙烯酸酚存在化学键接.     

Tailoring Chitosan/LTA Zeolite Hybrid Aerogels for Anionic and Cationic Dye Adsorption

Chitosan (CS) is largely employed in environmental applications as an adsorbent of anionic dyes, due to the presence in its chemical structure of amine groups that, if protonated, act as adsorbing sites for negatively charged molecules. Efficient adsorption of both cationic and anionic dyes is thus not achievable with a pristine chitosan adsorbent, but it requires the combination of two or more components. Here, we show that simultaneous adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes can be obtained by embedding Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite particles in a crosslinked CS-based aerogel. In order to optimize dye removal ability of the hybrid aerogel, we target the crosslinker concentration so that crosslinking is mainly activated during the thermal treatment after the fast freezing of the CS/LTA mixture. The adsorption of isotherms is obtained for different CS/LTA weight ratios and for different types of anionic and cationic dyes. Irrespective of the formulation, the Langmuir model was found to accurately describe the adsorption isotherms. The optimal tradeoff in the adsorption behavior was obtained with the CS/LTA aerogel (1:1 weight ratio), for which the maximum uptake of indigo carmine (anionic dye) and rhodamine 6G (cationic dye) is 103 and 43 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The behavior observed for the adsorption capacity and energy cannot be rationalized as a pure superposition of the two components, but suggests that reciprocal steric effects, chemical heterogeneity, and molecular interactions between CS and LTA zeolite particles play an important role.     

功能性阳离子聚合物乳液研究及应用

从功能性阳离子聚合物乳液的制备、性能、应用几个方面综述了阳离子聚合物乳液研究现状。     

聚醋酸乙烯乳液／阴离子型聚氨酯乳液共混体系的研究

自制了羧酸型水性聚氨酯乳液（APU）和聚醋酸乙烯乳液（PVAc）,采用共混方法制备了PVAc／APU共混乳液。研究了共混体系的粘接性能和相容性。结果表明,共混体系的粘接性能依赖于共混乳液的共混比例,在PVAc／APU共混比例为70／30时木-木压剪强度最大,共混比例为30／70时木-木PVC剥离强度最高,粘接强度较两种乳液均有显著提高。DSC分析结果显示共混体系有一个Tg,表明两组份有较好的相容性。TEM结果也表明APU粒子在PVAc粒子表面有吸附作用,有利于提高共混体系的相容性。     

阳离子氟代聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及应用

以(NH4)2S2O8作引发剂,阳、非离子表面活性剂作乳化剂,将甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(RfAA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DM)以及丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPAA)进行乳液聚合,制得了一种稳定的阳离子氟代聚丙烯酸酯乳液(PCFBA)。用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)对PCFBA主组分的结构进行了表征。用扫描电镜SEM、接触角测量仪、电脑测控柔软度仪等研究了PCFBA在棉纤维织物表面的成膜性及应用性能。结果表明,PCFBA可在纤维表面形成相对均匀的疏水膜,该膜附着在纤维表面,能使整理后棉织物与水的接触角达到134.5°、静态吸水时间超过6 h;当PCFBA用量从0.3 g/100 mL H2O增大到1 g/100 mL H2O时,水在其整理的棉纤维织物表面的接触角从128.2°增大到134.5°,而棉织物的白度则由85.44°略降至84.40°。     

硅丙乳液结构表征及其应用性能

对500t/a中试装置生产的硅丙乳液进行了粒径，红外，DSC、TGA、MNR等结构表征，指导生产工艺优化，得到高性能硅丙乳液涂料，具有优异应用性能，人工老化试验通过1500h，粉化0级，变色1级，耐沾污性2%，耐洗刷性10000次，用于外墙装饰具有良好应用前景。     

阴离子聚氨酯乳液的粒径及粒子形态的研究

讨论了用二羟甲基丙酸制备阴离子聚氨酯乳液,二羟甲基丙酸的量,反应程度,扩链剂的用量对乳液的稳定性、粒径大小和分布及粒子形态的影响。     

水滑石类材料及其对水中阴离子污染物的吸附

水滑石类材料,是一类由带正电荷层和层间填充带负电荷的阴离子所构成的层状化合物,因其独特的催化和吸附性能成功应用在化工、医药、农药、功能材料等领域,近年来,水滑石材料在环境领域的应用逐步成为研究热点,此类材料对水中无机阴离子、络合阴离子形式重金属离子、阴离子染料和阴离子表面活性剂有较强的吸附能力,显示出良好的应用前景。     

Organoiron Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes of Polyarylether-Imines

The synthesis of an aromatic ether complex of cyclopentadienyliron containing two terminal aldehyde groups was achieved via metal-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This dialdehyde monomer was subsequently reacted with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic diamines to produce the corresponding soluble cationic organoiron polyether-imines. These cationic organometallic polymers were characterized using IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR, viscosity and thermogravimetric analysis. Viscosity measurements showed that these polymers exhibited polyelectrolyte effects in DMSO solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that decoordination of the iron moieties occurred at about 300°C for polymers with aliphatic spacers in their backbones, while the cyclopentadienyliron moieties were cleaved from the polymers with aromatic spacers in their backbones at about 200°C. Photolytic demetallation of the organoiron polymers resulted in the removal of the pendent cyclopentadienyliron moieties and allowed for the isolation of their organic analogs. While the organoiron polymers were soluble in polar organic solvents, the corresponding organic polymers exhibited very limited solubilities or were insoluble. The organic polymers had glass transition temperatures between 101 and 120°C     

阴离子含氟水性聚氨酯乳液的合成与表征

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃醚(PTMG)、全氟醇(Rf-OH)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等为原料合成了阴离子含氟水性聚氨酯乳液(FWPU)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重(TG)、X-衍射(XRD)等测试对FWPU进行了表征,讨论了Rf-OH含量、DMPA含量、R值(NCO与OH摩尔比)等对FWPU乳液贮存稳定性和乳胶膜耐水性能的影响。结果表明,由于全氟烷基的引入,WPU的热稳定性得到提高,其乳胶膜的表面性能得到明显改善;当Rf-OH质量分数为28%、DMPA质量分数为5.20%、R值在1.05～1.15之间时,FWPU乳液贮存稳定性和乳胶膜耐水性能较好。     

Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution on Non-Calcined Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide: Experimental and Theoretical Study

Non-calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with Mg/Al molar ratio of 3:1 was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Sorption of anionic (acid blue 25 - AB25, reactive blue 4 - RB4), and cationic (methylene blue - MB) dyes by Mg-Al LDH form aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of solution pH, initial concentration, and contact time were investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorbed amount increases with decrease in pH solution for AB25 and RB4. The cationic dye (MB) solution was insensitive to pH variation and also exhibited a low performance in the kinetic equilibrium studies. While anionic dyes were almost completely extracted from the solution, 90% of the methylene blue remained in solution. The equilibrium data were well described using the Langmuir-Freundlich model for RB4, AB25, and MB dyes with maximum adsorption capacity of 328.90, 246.10, and 43.48 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of adsorption involving the dyes and LDH was evaluated using the Monte Carlo approach in the NVT ensemble. The results suggest that molecular simulation can be used to preview quantitatively the dye uptake. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science & Technology to view the supplemental file.     

阴离子型水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚丙二醇醚(PPG-220)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料制备了阴离子型水性PU乳液,研究了DMPA用量、n(NCO)／n(OH)值、交联剂TMP用量对水性PU乳液与涂膜性能的影响,得出了制备阴离子型水性PU的最佳配方。     

高PU含量的阴离子型聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的合成和性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯 (TDI)、聚异丙二醇 (PPG)、丙烯酸 (AA)、二羟甲基丙酸 (DMPA)为主要原料 ,采用分子设计合成了带有双键的氨基甲酸酯的丙烯酸酯类单体 (U 大单体 ) ,通过红外光谱、核磁共振对U 大单体的结构进行表征。用此PU 大单体与丙烯酸酯类单体进行共聚 ,得到了稳定的乳液 ,其乳液的粘度随PU 大单体含量的增加而增大、其胶膜的玻璃化转变温度则随之下降、热分解温度为 (390± 5 )℃ ;各种配比的聚氨酯 丙烯酸酯 (PUA)共聚乳液涂膜均为透明膜 ,具有较好的机械性能     

硅丙乳液的合成新工艺及其性能表征

由于有机硅的低表面能和硅氧烷的长链大分子结构,难以被乳化剂乳化而进入胶束,有机硅和丙烯酸单体的共聚受到很大限制,因此以丙烯酸酯、乙烯基硅油为主要原料,以OP-10和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为复合乳化剂,采用连续滴加法,制备了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液(硅丙乳液).论述了聚合工艺,利用红外光谱和激光粒度分析仪等方法对乳液及其涂膜的性能进行了分析与表征.结果表明,这种合成工艺简便、经济、产率高;乳液尺寸分布窄,各项性能优异;其涂层无色透明、附着力好,并有较强的耐水性(吸水性4.8%).     

Adsorption Behavior of Cationic and Anionic Dyes onto Acid Treated Coconut Coir

The adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) and Acid Orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solutions by acid treated coconut coir was investigated under laboratory conditions to assess its potential in removing cationic and anionic dyes. The acid treated coconut coir exhibited better adsorption capacity in cationic dye MB than anionic dye AO7 and the data obtained can be well described by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities of MB and AO7 onto acid treated coconut coir were 121 mg/g and 10 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption behavior of MB and AO7 onto acid treated coconut coir was analyzed with first-order Lagergren model and pseudo-second order model.     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及表征

以反应性有机硅单体为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）、辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）为乳化剂,过硫酸钾（K2S2O8）为引发剂进行有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液（简称硅丙乳液）的合成研究。采用正交实验优化了硅丙乳液的制备工艺,确定最佳工艺参数。采用红外光谱表征产物的结构,表明该方法成功合成了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液。     

反相悬浮聚合法制备阳离子性CPDAC凝胶微球及其对水污染化合物的吸附性能

以环已烷为分散介质、Span-60为分散剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法,通过阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)的交联聚合(CP),制备了粒径200~300 mm的凝胶微球CPDAC,考察了主要条件对微球成球性能及粒径的影响,对微球进行了表征,研究了CPDAC对4种阴离子物质的吸附特性. 结果表明,制备CPDAC需严格控制成球条件. 分散相水相采用滴加方式,适宜的分散剂为Span-60,随其用量增加微球粒径变小;油水相体积比小于2:1不能成球,随体积比增大,微球粒径减小;搅拌速率小于250 r/min不能成球,微球粒径随搅拌速率加快而变小. CPDAC凭借强离子交换作用及静电相互作用对CrO42-, MoO42-和酸性染料活性艳红、活性黄4种阴离子物质都有很强的吸附作用,吸附容量分别为213, 275, 1850和1690 mg/g,吸附容量随温度升高而降低.     

阴离子石蜡乳液的制备及其在热敏涂料中的应用

石蜡乳液是一种重要的压力发色防止剂,但一直存在难乳化、乳液稳定性差、涂料在中性或弱碱性条件下才最稳定、涂料中各组分都是阴电性等问题。为此,我们制备出一种稳定且和热敏涂料具有良好相容性能的阴离子石蜡乳液,并确定了其最佳涂料配方。在固定无色染料、显色剂、增感剂、胶粘剂和其他添加剂用量不变时,最佳的涂料配方是填料22%、硬脂酸锌8%、石蜡5%。     

聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的合成及表征

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸为原料合成的齐聚物为乳化剂合成了聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液.研究了单体配比、链转移剂、pH值对齐聚物的影响,以及反应温度、单体配比、齐聚物用量、引发剂对聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液性能的影响.并对聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液进行了红外光谱和透射电镜的表征.