新型电热合金Fe3Al的研制

通过对Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金的电阻率、热膨胀系数的测定及抗氧化性能、高温力学性能的研究发现,Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金的室温电阻率高于Ｎｉ８０Ｃｒ２０、０Ｃｒ２５Ａｌ５合金。当温度低于９００℃时,其抗氧化性能与二种对比合金相当,温度大于９００℃时,其抗氧化性能明显优于对比合金。高温断裂强度高于０Ｃｒ２５Ａｌ５合金,而与Ｎｉ８０Ｃｒ２０合金相当。Ｆｅ３Ａｌ合金是一种比较理想的电热体材料。     

稀土元素镧铈对铁铬铝电热合金寿命的影响

本文通过加Ｌａ、Ｃｅ与不加其元素的０Ｃｒ２５Ａｌ５合金丝在１３００℃高温氧化对比试验，探讨了稀土元素对Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ａｌ电热合金的影响。试验结果证明，含稀土元素合金的表面αＡｌ３Ｏ２氧化膜完整、致密、不易剥落、粘附性好，且能阻止空气中氮进入合金形成ＡｌＮ，起到良好保护作用。在其在高温连续氧化寿命和间断氧化的快速寿命均提高３－４倍。     

稀土Y离子注入对Ni_（80）Cr_（20）合金表面改性的研究

本文研究了Ｎｉ（８０）Ｃｒ（２０）耐热合金经过Ｙ离子注入后的高温抗氧化行为，氧化膜的形貌及其结构特征。结果表明，Ｙ离子注入明显提高材料高温抗氧化性，使１１００℃下氧化增重明显减小。当注入剂量为２×１０（１７）ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２，氧化时间为３０５ｈ，氧化增重减小约５０％。同时使得氧化膜形貌发生明显变化。随着注入量增多，氧化皮由原来的块状变为球状，而且尺寸变小。ｘ光分析表明，氧化皮主要由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＮｉＣｒ２Ｏ４和ＮｉＯ组成。光谱分析表明，注入Ｙ的试样氧化皮中含有微量Ｙ。     

低脆性FeCrAlY电热合金的研制

Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ合金克服了ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金的高温脆化和４７５℃脆性，热强性和冷加工性也明显改善，ＦｅＣｒＡｌ使用温度高，抗氧化性好等优点则得到保留。还研制了使用温度更高的Ｆｅ－２０Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ和Ｆｅ－２５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ合金，形成了低脆性合金系列。加入强化元素能进一步提高合金的热强性，用轻稀土元素代替Ｙ则能降低生产成本。合金生产中的工艺困难已经解决，现已投入批量生产。合金用于电热、电阻元件，耐热结构件和耐高温涂层。用它代替Ｎｉ—Ｃｒ系合金可降低元件成本，提高其使用温度和服役寿命。     

NiCr合金钇离子注入表面改性的研究

本文主要研究了Ｎｉ８０Ｃｒ２０耐热合金经过Ｙ离子注入后的高温抗氧化行为，氧化膜的形貌及其。结果表明Ｙ离子注入可减少Ｎｉ－２０％Ｃｒ合金氧化增重，并可使氧化膜由无规则的发迹为有规则的球状。     

Fe3Al基合金的高温耐冲蚀磨损性能

利用通以含高浓度ＳＯ２和ＳｉＯ２细颗粒气流的专门装置，研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基金属间化合物的耐高温腐蚀磨损性能。试验结果表明，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基金属间化合物的抗高温磨损性能优于钴基合金（ＣｏＦｅ１５Ｃｒ２５Ｓｉ７）、高铬镍铁基耐热合金（ＦｅＣｒ２８Ｎｉ７）以及表面喷涂Ｎｉ６０的１８－８不锈钢。     

FeNiCrAlRE高使用温度耐热合金研制

从Ｆｅ－（８～４０）Ｎｉ（１０～３０）Ｃｒ－（３～８）Ａｌ合金中筛选出３种γ相合金，它们的抗氧化性与ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金相同，热强性、抗脆化能力和塑性与Ｃｒ２０Ｎｉ８０合金相当，而且有良好的铸造、冷加工和焊接性能，热加工工艺已被掌握。合金生产成本为Ｃｒ２０Ｎｉ８０的１／３，在耐热和电热领域有重要的应用前景。选出了２种γ＋α双相合金，与ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金相比，其抗氧化性相同，热强性和抗脆化能力略高，塑性稍低，可用于高使用温度耐热结构元件。α相合金塑性很低，但可从它极高的强度和硬度特性开发实际应用。添加稀土元素对发展新合金起关键作用。     

FeNiCrAIRE高温耐热合金研制

从Ｆｅ－（８～４０）Ｎｉ－（１０～３０）Ｃｒ－（３～８）Ａｌ合金中筛选出３种γ相合主，它们的抗氧化性与ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金相同，热强性、抗脆化能力和塑性与Ｃｒ_(２０Ｎｉ_(８０)合金相当，而且有良好的铸造、冷加工和焊接性能，合金生力成本只有Ｃｒ_(２０)Ｎｉ_(８０)的１／３，在耐热和电热领域有重要的应用前景。选出了２种γ＋α双相合主，与ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金相比，其抗氧化性相同，热强性和抗脆化能力略高，塑性稍低，可用于高使用温度耐热结构元件。α相合金塑性很低，但可从它极高的强度和硬度特性开发实际应用。添加稀土元素对发展新合金起关键作用．     

FeNiCrAlRE高温耐热合金研制

从Ｆｅ－（８～４０）Ｎｉ－（１０～３０）Ｃｒ－（３～８）Ａｌ合金中筛选出３种γ相合金，它们的抗氧化性与ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金相同，热强性，抗脆化能力与塑性与Ｃｒ２０Ｎｉ８０合金相当，而且有良好的铸造，冷加工和焊接性能，合金生产成本只有Ｃｒ２０Ｎｉ８０的１／３，在耐热和电热领域有重要的应用前景，选出了２种γ＋α双相合金，与ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金相比，其抗氧性相同，热强性和抗脆化能力略高，塑性稍低，可用于高使用温     

添加剂对Cr2O3—Al系SHS反应的影响

研究了添加ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ＋ＭｇＯ及Ｔｉ－Ｃ的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ系的燃烧特性。实验发现，添加ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ＋ＭｇＯ时，自蔓燃反应易于引发；体系中混入Ｔｉ－Ｃ添加剂对反应引发不利，但在用纯Ｔｉ－Ｃ作引火剂情况下可以引发。随着ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ添加量的增加，燃烧温度升高，但添加量大于２０％时，燃烧温度反而下降。燃烧温度随Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ＋ＭｇＯ添加量的增加而升高。Ｔｉ－Ｃ添加量的增大对燃烧温度影响不大。燃烧速度随以上添加剂量的增大而增大     

Rare earth application for heat-resisting alloys

High-temperature oxidation resistance of Al2O3-and Cr2O3-forming heat-resisting alloys with rare earths(yttrium-implanted FeCrAl,-added FeCrAl,-added FeCrAlPt alloys,Y2O3-or CeO2-coated NiCrSi,yttrium-or lutetium-added NiCr and NiCrSi) was studied in oxygen at high temperatures,by mass gain measurements,mass change measurements,amount of spalled oxide,observation of surface appearance,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe X-ray microanalysis(EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).After oxidation at 1573 K for 18 ks in oxygen,oxide scale on FeCrAl alloy spalled from the entire surface,however,yttrium-implanted FeCrAl alloys showed good oxide adherence.After oxidation at 1473 K for 18 ks in oxygen,mass gain of FeCrAlY alloys decreased with increasing yttrium of up to 0.1 wt.% follwed by an increase with the yttrium content,and the mass gain of FeCrAl0.005Pt0.05Y alloy with appropriate additions of platinum and yttrium was lower than that of FeCrAl0.1Y alloy.Yttrium-added FeCrAl alloys showed good oxide adherence.TEM analysis revealed that the alumina/alloy interface of FeCrAl0.005Pt0.05Y alloy showed good coherency.The scale surface of FeCrAl alloy was rough,however,those of FeCrAlY and FeCrAlPtY alloys were smooth.Cyclic oxidation of NiCrSi,Y2O3-or CeO2-coated NiCrSi alloys was studied up to 10 cycles(1 cycle:300 s) at 1523 K in oxygen.Mass change of NiCrSi alloy increased up to 3 cycles and then decreased up to 10 cycles because of oxide spallation during cooling.On the other hand,mass change of Y2O3-or CeO2-coated NiCrSi alloy increased up to 10 cycles,and these alloys showed good oxide adherence.Granular Cr2O3 particles on Y2O3-coated NiCrSi alloy were in size smaller than these on CeO2-coated NiCrSi alloy.This result suggested that oxidation rate of Y2O3-coated NiCrSi alloy was lower than that of CeO2-coated NiCrSi alloy.After oxidation at 1473 and 1573 K for 18 ks in oxygen,mass gain of yttrium-or lutetium-added NiCr and NiCrSi alloys decreased.Oxide scales on NiCrS     

00Cr25Ni22Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢的高温氧化行为

采用静态增重法研究了00Cr25Ni22Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢在不同温度下的循环氧化动力学曲线.结果表明,00Cr25Ni22Mo2N不锈钢在700℃时的氧化动力学曲线是一条平行于时间轴的直线,这说明其在该温度下氧化反应非常微弱;在800和900℃时的氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,具有良好的抗氧化性能.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射对氧化膜的表面形貌、截面形貌和相组成进行研究,发现该钢在3个温度下都生成了致密和黏附性好的保护性氧化膜,700℃生成的氧化膜主要由Cr2O3和Fe2O3组成,氧化膜很薄;800℃生成的氧化膜由Cr2O3、Fe2O3和少量的NiCr2O4、FeCr2O4组成,氧化膜厚度增加;900℃生成的氧化膜由Cr2O3、Fe2O3和NiCr2O4组成,氧化膜厚度进一步增加.认为氧化膜组成和结构是00Cr25Ni22Mo2N不锈钢具有良好抗高温氧化性能的重要原因.     

Rare earth application for heat-resisting alloys

High-temperature oxidation resistance of Al₂O₃- and Cr₂O₃-forming heat-resisting alloys with rare earths (yttrium-implanted FeCrAl, -added FeCrAl, -added FeCrAlPt alloys, Y₂O₃- or CeO₂-coated NiCrSi, yttrium- or lutetium-added NiCr and NiCrSi) was studied in oxygen at high temperatures, by mass gain measurements, mass change measurements, amount of spalled oxide, observation of surface appearance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After oxidation at 1573 K for 18 ks in oxygen, oxide scale on FeCrAl alloy spalled from the entire surface, however, yttrium-implanted FeCrAl alloys showed good oxide adherence. After oxidation at 1473 K for 18 ks in oxygen, mass gain of FeCrAlY alloys decreased with increasing yttrium of up to 0.1 wt.% follwed by an increase with the yttrium content, and the mass gain of FeCrAl0.005Pt0.05Y alloy with appropriate additions of platinum and yttrium was lower than that of FeCrAl0.1Y alloy. Yttrium-added FeCrAl alloys showed good oxide adherence. TEM analysis revealed that the alumina/alloy interface of FeCrAl0.005Pt0.05Y alloy showed good coherency. The scale surface of FeCrAl alloy was rough, however, those of FeCrAlY and FeCrAlPtY alloys were smooth. Cyclic oxidation of NiCrSi, Y₂O₃- or CeO₂-coated NiCrSi alloys was studied up to 10 cycles (1 cycle: 300 s) at 1523 K in oxygen. Mass change of NiCrSi alloy increased up to 3 cycles and then decreased up to 10 cycles because of oxide spallation during cooling. On the other hand, mass change of Y₂O₃- or CeO₂-coated NiCrSi alloy increased up to 10 cycles, and these alloys showed good oxide adherence. Granular Cr₂O₃ particles on Y₂O₃-coated NiCrSi alloy were in size smaller than these on CeO₂-coated NiCrSi alloy. This result suggested that oxidation rate of Y₂O₃-coated NiCrSi alloy was lower than that of CeO₂-coated NiCrSi alloy. After oxidation at 1473 and 1573 K for 18 ks in oxygen, mass gain of yttrium- or lutetium-added NiCr and NiCrSi alloys decreased. Oxide scales on NiCrSi alloy markedly spalled along with alloy grain boundaries during cooling. On the other hand, yttrium- or lutetium-added NiCrSi alloys showed good oxide adherence. Granular Cr₂O₃ particles on yttrium- or lutetium-added NiCr and NiCrSi alloys decreased in size with increasing yttrium or lutetium, and increased with increasing oxidation temperature.     

镍代钴基高温合金涂层组织及抗氧化性能研究

分析了等离子堆焊钴基高温合金Co-02、部分镍代钴基合金Co-04和镍基代钴基合金ND Co-02粉末涂层的金相组织、氧化膜形貌及其能谱、氧化膜断面形貌及其能谱。结果表明：三种合金涂层的金相组织均为白色奥氏体基体加细小Cr7C3、Cr7(C，B)3共晶Co-02生成Cr2O3选择性外氧化保护膜，Co-04和ND Co-02有明显的局部贫Cr区，生成CoCr2O4和NiCr2O4尖晶石结构保护性氧化膜，有效地提高了抗氧化性；三种合金均具有优良的抗氧化性能，且按ND Co-02、Co-04、Co-02顺序依次增强。评定了它们的抗氧化级别。     

料浆涂覆法制备W-Si-ZrO_2-Y_2O_3高温抗氧化涂层的组织与高温氧化行为

采用料浆涂覆和多步反应烧结工艺在难熔钨合金表面制备W-Si-ZrO_2-Y2O3高温抗氧化陶瓷复合涂层,对涂层的成分、组织特征及1 700℃下的抗氧化性能进行分析。结果表明,在反应烧结过程中涂层形成了以WSi2为主体,ZrO_2和Y2O3均匀分布的多相陶瓷复合结构,涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合。涂层在1 700℃空气环境中具有良好的抗氧化性能,高温下其表面生成光滑致密的Si O2玻璃膜,有效抗氧化寿命达14 h。     

粉末冶金法制备核燃料包壳FeCrAl合金研究进展

燃料包壳是核反应堆安全运行的重要保障。福岛核事故后,国内外开展了大量新型事故容错燃料包壳的研发工作。由于具有抗高温氧化和高强度等优异的综合性能,FeCrAl合金已成为新一代事故容错燃料包壳的重要候选材料之一。经过多年积累,核燃料包壳FeCrAl合金的设计和制备研究已取得一定进展。利用粉末冶金方法制备性能更为优异的氧化物弥散强化FeCrAl合金前景广阔,受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文综述了核燃料包壳FeCrAl合金的成分设计、熔炼制备和粉末冶金制备的研究现状,分析了不同方法制备合金的组织性能及存在的问题,对未来核燃料包壳FeCrAl合金的设计和制备进行了展望。     

Effects of lanthanum ion-implantation on microstructure of oxide film formed on Co-Cr alloy

Isothermal and cyclic oxidizing behavior of Co-40Cr alloy and its lanthanum ion-implanted samples were studied at 1000 ℃ in the air by thermal-gravimetric analysis （TGA）. Scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） and transmission electronic microscopy （TEM） were used to examine the morphology and structure of oxide film after oxidation. Secondary ion mass spectrum （SIMS） method was used to examine the binding energy change of chromium caused by La-doping and its influence on the formation of Cr2O3 film. laser Raman spectrum was used to examine the stress changes within the oxide film. It was found that lanthanum implantation remarkably reduced isothermal oxidizing rate of Co-40Cr and improved anti-cracking and anti-spalling properties of Cr2O3 oxide film. The reasons for the improvement were mainly that the implanted lanthanum reduced the grain size and internal stress of Cr2O3 oxide and increased high temperature plasticity of the oxide film. Lanthanum mainly existed on the outer surface of Cr2O3 oxide film in the form of fine La2O3 and LaCrO3 spinel particles.     

T225NG和T42NG钛合金在水中的氧化行为和表面分析

研究了T225NG和T42NG钛合金在高温高压水蒸汽中腐蚀后的氧化膜形貌及结构特征。测出了两种合金的氧化曲线，并拟合出了其氧化动力学方程；对试样表面进行了金相分析、表面形貌扫描电镜观察及X射线衍射分析。结果表明：T225NG和T42NG合金的氧化动力学规律，其中前者的耐蚀性明显优于T42NG合金。经过高温高压水蒸汽腐蚀后，在两种合金表面形成了均匀、致密的氧化膜，且以金红石型TiO2为主，并伴有少量的锐钛矿型TiO2形成；还可观察到明显的氧化膜形核并长大的结晶学特征，而两种合金的金相组织没有明显变化。     

固溶热处理对新型核用FeCrAl合金包壳管组织和力学性能的影响

通过新型核用锻态FeCrAl合金包壳管在不同温度及时间下的固溶处理实验,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、维氏硬度仪(HV)和电子万能试验机(EUTM)分析了固溶处理对FeCrAl合金包壳管显微组织以及力学性能的影响规律.结果 表明,当固溶热处理温度低于1200℃时,保温60 mi...     

Electronic Properties of Passive Films Formed on G3 and G30 Nickel-based Alloys in Bicarbonate/Carbonate Buffer Solution

The electronic properties of passive films formed on G3 and G30 alloys in bicarbonate/carbonate buffer solution were comparatively studied by electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis, the chemical composition of the passive film formed on G3 alloy was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that passive film on G3 alloy had better protection than that on G30 alloy. The transfer resistance, film resistance and diffusion resistance of the passive films on both alloys increased with increasing formation potential, prolonging formation time, increasing pH value, decreasing formation temperature, and decreasing chloride and sulphide ions concentration. Mott-Schottky plot reveals that the passive films on the two alloys show a p-n semi-conductive character. XPS analysis indicates that the passive film on G3 alloy was composed of an inner Cr oxide and an outer Fe, Mo/Ni oxides.