多径信道下基于空时分组码的发送分集技术

文章在多径信道下,提出了一种基于RAKE接收机的空时分组编码(STBC)方案.该方案将空时分组编码(STBC)与RAKE接收机的多径叠加相干检测的方法相结合,从而可以在频率选择性衰落信道下采用多发射天线实现发送分集.此方案获得的分集增益与由采用相同数量接收天线的最大比接收合并(MRRC)方案得到的接收分集增益接近,能够较大地提高传榆系统的可靠性.     

频率选择性衰落信道下STBC—DFDM系统的性能

本文将基于平衰落信道提出的空时块编码（STBC）方案应用到OFDM系统中,理论分析和仿真证明在理想信道估计下这种STBC-OFDM系统在频率选择性信道下能够获得对应的STBC在平衰落信道下的性能。     

空时/频编码在OFDM系统中的应用

介绍了空时编码(STBC)和空频编码(SFBC)应用于OFDM系统,实现发射分集,并对基于梳状导频的LS(最小二乘)算法采用正交导频设计方案,把多天线信道估计转化为单天线信道估计,大大简化了运算。仿真结果表明,实现的空时和空频编码OFDM方案不仅误码性能良好,且具有系统实现复杂度低、接收机结构简单等优点。     

基于STBC的OFDM系统

正交频分复用 (OFDM )系统因其良好的抗选择性衰落信道特性 ,在无线通信领域越来越受到关注。为了提高其性能和容量 ,本文提出将空时分组编码(STBC)这一分集新技术引入OFDM系统的方案。文章首先阐述STBC的原理及优势 ,再结合OFDM系统的特点 ,详细分析了STBC -OFDM系统模型。     

基于空时编码的MB-OFDM超宽带通信系统

基于MB-OFDM（多带正交频分复用）超宽带通信系统上，采用了两种特殊的空时（频）编码结构来改善系统性能。仿真结果表明，在修正的S-V信道模型下，该系统增大了传输速率，基于空时分组编码（STBC）结构的超宽带系统在低信噪比情况下可以获得较好的分集增益，而基于预编码的空时频编码（STFC）的超宽带系统的BER性能比单天线系统的BER性能更加优异．     

基于STBC的水声MIMO扩频通信系统仿真研究

为改善水声扩频通信系统的传输距离与系统容量,将空时分组编码（STBC）技术引入水声通信,提出了一种基于STBC的水声多输入多输出（MIMO）扩频通信系统,给出了系统实现方案和性能仿真分析。仿真结果表明,通过引入两发射单接收的STBC,原系统可获得约3dB的发射分集增益和2倍于原系统的频带利用率,证实了该系统可在不牺牲有限系统带宽的情况下有效抑制多径衰落,显著改善通信系统容量和传输距离。     

增强型编码双向中继方案及中断概率分析

 该文提出了一种基于网络编码和空时协作的增强型双向中继方案。根据系统各节点的反馈,该方案将网络编码和空时协作有机结合,能提高系统资源利用率和网络吞吐量。推导了所提方案及现有的两种双向中继方案的中断概率,并分析了各方案在快衰落和慢衰落信道下的分集增益和网络编码增益。结果表明：相对于其它两种方案,所提方案在快衰落信道下,可获得三阶的分集增益;在慢衰落信道下,也可获得更高的编码增益。最后通过仿真验证了分析结果的正确性。     

一种全速率高阶分集2×1空时码

在2×1（两发一收）MIMO、时间选择性衰落信道条件下,Alamouti码的最大分集增益近似为2。为提高分集增益、增强抗信道衰落能力,提出一种适用于时间选择性衰落信道的全速率空时码（STC-TS,Space-time Code for Time-selective Fading）,通过延长发送时间,提高了信道快速变化条件下的分集增益。分析了高分集增益时编码矩阵中参数应满足的约束条件,并以＂成对错误概率上界最小＂为目标对编码矩阵进行了参数优化。仿真结果表明,当信道衰落速度足够快时,STC-TS编码获得了更多分集增益,进一步提高了传输的可靠性。     

一种可变分集增益的空时/时频调制编码新方案

将酉空时分组编码技术应用于时频调制系统中,该文提出了一种可变发射分集增益的空时/时频调制编码新方案。将已调的时频信号分解为互正交的两子信号,同时运用不同的排列组合方案即可得到不同的分集增益。计算机仿真结果表明,新方案抗平坦衰落的性能优于Alamouti空时分组编码方案及空时/频移键控编码方案,且当新方案获得二重分集增益时,其相应编码速率优于获得四重分集增益时的编码速率,但抗衰落性能劣于获得四重分集增益时的性能,所得结论与理论分析完全一致。     

基于循环延迟分集的分组预编码和空时频编码技术

该文提出一种把循环延迟分集应用在分组线性预编码的新方案。该方案首先应用循环延迟分集来虚拟一个多径时延扩展的信道,在此基础上应用分组线性预编码以获得频率分集增益。该方案的译码复杂度相对较低,可以针对不同的信道模型有相应的编码方案,至少能获得与空时编码同样的分集增益M(M为发射天线数),且信道估计相对简单,不降低传输码率。该方案结合空时分组码可构造出新的空时频编码方案。仿真结果表明,该方案具有良好的译码性能。     

基于LS信道估计和分集接收的Turbo乘积编码OFDM系统的性能研究

该文研究OFDM系统中低复杂性最小二乘方(LS)信道估计技术,为了改善LS估计的OFDM在严重多径信道中错误平底效应,分集接收和Turbo乘积编码用于系统设计。数值仿真结果表明,Turbo乘积编码和分集接收可以减小LS估计的OFDM系统的错误平底效应,其性能比已知信道参数系统的性能只恶化4dB。     

时变信道中非理想反馈条件下波束成形的误码率分析

在基于信道信息有限反馈的无线多入单出系统中,发射机可采用简单的波束成形技术实现发射分集增益和阵列增益。已有的相关研究大多包含块衰落信道、准确信道估计或无反馈延迟等理想假设。该文建立了更为实际的Jakes时变信道中存在信道估计误差和反馈延迟的系统模型,分析了方形和矩形正交幅度调制星座图的平均误码率。研究表明:误码率的理论分析和仿真结果完全相符;增加反馈比特数可提高阵列增益,但不能增加分集增益;在慢变信道中,波束成形要显著优于正交空时分组码;误码率受信道估计误差和反馈延迟影响,且对后者尤为敏感。     

基于独立分量分析的正交空时分组编码盲检测方案

通过在不同天线发射的信号之间引入时域和空域信息,正交空时分组编码(OSTBC)可以获得发射分集增益,而且可以在不牺牲带宽的情况下获得更高的编码增益。但是其译码却需要精确的信道状态信息(CSI),因此,信道信息估计的准确性严重影响系统的性能。基于独立分量分析(ICA)的盲源分离(BSS)技术可以在不进行信道估计的情况下对发射信号实现有效检测。通过利用OSTBC的正交特性,提出了2种基于ICA的盲检测方案,同时,一些基于信道估计的检测算法也被用来进行性能比较。瑞利衰落信道下的仿真结果表明,2种新方案均具有较好的系统适应性和误码率性能。     

Double differential space-time block coding for time-selectivefading channels

Most existing space-time coding schemes assume time-invariant fading channels and offer antenna diversity gains relying on accurate channel estimates at the receiver. Other single differential space-time block coding schemes forego channel estimation but are less effective in rapidly fading environments. Based on a diagonal unitary matrix group, a novel double differential space-time block coding approach is derived in this paper for time-selective fading channels. Without estimating the channels at the receiver, information symbols are recovered with antenna diversity gains regardless of frequency offsets. The resulting transceiver has very low complexity and is applicable to an arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. Approximately optimal space-time codes are also designed to minimize bit error rate. System performance is evaluated both analytically and with simulations     

基于准正交空时分组编码的空间激光通信

准正交空时分组编码(QOSTBC)是一种正交空时编码的变换编码结构,将时间分集和空间分集相结合,具有高效的分集利用率和编码效率。QOSTBC是解决大气湍流对光通信影响的有效手段之一。在研究了大气信道特性的基础上,提出一种基于QOSTBC结构和空间分集光通信系统的信道模型;介绍了QOSTBC原理,分析了系统的信道容量和误码率(BER);利用蒙特卡罗仿真比较了采用空时分集编码与未使用分集编码系统的容量及BER的情况。结果表明,使用QOSTBC系统的信道容量随发射天线数增加而递增,误码性能得到有效改善。QOSTBC与Alamouti编码系统相比系统信噪比节省约9dB,说明该系统具有编码所提供的良好信道容量和误码性能,能够有效地抑制大气湍流对光通信所产生的光强起伏影响。     

空时分组码MC-CDMA系统多用户检测

本文研究了在频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中工作于时分双工(TDD)模式的多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统上行链路,在用户终端处使用两个发射天线,采用基于空时分组码的发射分集。考虑对应于子载波的衰落系数是信道冲激响应的离散傅里叶变换,给出了基于空时分组码的MC-CDMA系统上行链路信号模型。采用适用于同步CDMA系统的低代价Steiner估计器来进行基于空时分组码的MC-CDMA系统的信道估计,每个用户终端的两个发射天线各分配一个midamble。研究了基于空时分组码的MC-CDMA系统的解相关多用户检测、最小均方误差(MMSE)多用户检测,进行联合的多用户检测和空时码解码。仿真结果验证了上述模型及算法的有效性。     

On the design of space-time and space-frequency codes for MIMO frequency-selective fading channels

The authors introduced an algebraic design framework for space-time coding in flat-fading channels . We extend this framework to design algebraic codes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed codes strive to optimally exploit both the spatial and frequency diversity available in the channel. We consider two design approaches: The first uses space-time coding and maximum likelihood decoding to exploit the multi-path nature of the channel at the expense of increased receiver complexity. Within this time domain framework, we also propose a serially concatenated coding construction which is shown to offer a performance gain with a reasonable complexity iterative receiver in some scenarios. The second approach utilizes the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique to transform the MIMO multipath channel into a MIMO flat block fading channel. The algebraic framework is then used to construct space-frequency codes (SFC) that optimally exploit the diversity available in the resulting flat block fading channel. Finally, the two approaches are compared in terms of decoder complexity, maximum achievable diversity advantage, and simulated frame error rate performance in certain representative scenarios.     

Space-time spreading and block coding for correlated fading channels in the presence of interference

We consider point-to-point wireless links with multiple antennas in the presence of interference, and exploit channel's spatial correlation and the temporal covariance of the interference to design multiantenna transmitters. We develop a space-time spreading scheme that maximizes average signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, and an optimally power-loaded space-time beamforming (STBF) scheme which improves error-probability performance. In order to increase transmission rates, we combine orthogonal space-time block coding with STBF, optimize power loading across beams, and develop low-complexity receivers. Optimal training for least-squares error channel estimation, and STBF for minimum mean-square error channel estimation, are also studied. Our analytical and simulated results corroborate that STBF with optimal power loading can considerably reduce error probability and channel-estimation errors.     

Analysis of diversity schemes employing antenna selection in the presence of channel estimation errors and feedback delay

The main objective of this paper is to provide an extensive and complete examination on the effect of practical impairments such as channel estimation errors (CEEs) and feedback delay (FD) on the performance of diversity schemes over Nakagami‐m fading channels. Under erroneous channel estimation and outdated feedback cases, statistical expressions and several performance metrics related to the post‐processing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) are derived for four different diversity schemes: transmit antenna selection (TAS)/orthogonal space–time block coding, TAS/maximal‐ratio transmission (MRT), MRT/receive antenna selection (RAS), and joint transmit and RAS. Exact analytical expressions for outage probability and average error rates of M‐ary modulations are derived in order to provide insightful perspectives on the capacity and error performance of diversity schemes that experience both CEE and FD. The asymptotic diversity order of the investigated diversity schemes are derived via a high‐SNR approximation approach. In order to assess the real‐world performance of the investigated diversity schemes and to observe their robustness or sensitivities in practical imperfections, various configurations are considered together with several performance comparisons. Also, Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to validate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of imperfect channel estimation on transmit diversity in CDMA systems

In this paper, the effect of imperfect channel estimation on the transmit diversity based on space-time block coding for the downlink of a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access system is studied. Two transmit antenna and one receiving antennas are employed. However, the results of this paper can be extended to the system with more receiving antennas. Each channel is modeled as frequency-selective Rayleigh fading and the pair of channels corresponding to two transmit antennas are mutually independent. Both spatial diversity gain and multipath diversity gain are obtained in the system. The system performance is evaluated in terms of bit-error rate under the perfect and imperfect channel estimation. A pilot-assisted channel-estimation scheme with one common spreading code sequence is exploited. It is shown that the inaccurate channel estimates suffering from multiple access and multipath interference significantly degrade the system performance and can be effectively improved by use of a simple low-pass filter. The investigation of the power ratio of pilot to data channels illustrates that the base station should dynamically adjust the transmit power of the pilot channel according to the varying system configurations in order to achieve the best performance.