具有混沌学习率的BP算法

针对BP算法在训练过程中容易陷入局部极小值,导致收敛速率慢的问题,探讨一种利用混沌的遍历特性改进学习效率的算法,用Matlab软件对改进算法进行仿真。实验结果表明,该算法能够提高神经网络的学习效率和收敛精度,较好地避免网络陷入局部极小点。     

改进粒子群算法对BP神经网络的优化

介绍一种基于改进粒子群算法优化BP网络的权值调整综合方法。该算法在传统BP算法的误差反传调整权值的基础上,引入粒子群算法的权值修正,并且在训练神经网络权值的同时优化其连接结构,删除冗余连接,从而建立了基于粒子群算法优化的BP网络新模型。结果表明,改进算法不仅可以克服传统BP算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部权值的局限,而且很大程度地提高了结果精度和BP网络学习能力。     

STM32的四旋翼无人机故障诊断仿真研究

提出了基于BP神经网络的四旋翼无人机故障诊断方法,但考虑到经典BP神经网络算法误差收敛速率慢,训练学习容易陷入局部最优值等缺陷,设计了一种基于改进型遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm)优化BP神经网络.改进型GA算法对编码方式和选择算子进行了优化,同时对交叉和变异算子等参数进行了调整.Matlab仿真表明,改进后的BP神经网络算法的检测性能有了明显的增强,避免了经典BP算法容易陷入局部最优值的问题.     

一种基于BP神经网络的数字识别新方法

针对标准BP神经网络收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小点的缺点,提出了一种新的BP神经网络改进算法。该算法通过变步长法和牛顿法来改进BP算法,加快了网络的收敛速度,且收敛速度快于其他的改进算法。在此基础上将BP神经网络应用于数字识别中,为其网络建立识别模型。利用仿真实验观察BP网络的泛化能力以及识别准确性,比较BP算法及其改进方案,提出改进方案中分别需要注意的地方。     

飞控系统传感器故障诊断的神经网络方法研究

BP神经网络对于飞行控制系统传感器故障诊断是一种有效的故障模式识别方法;在标准BP神经网络的基础上,提出了一种新的BP改进算法——自适应FMBP算法(SAFMBP),用以消除标准BP网络收敛速度慢及易陷入局部极小等缺点,并且建立了飞行控制系统仿真模型和传感器常见故障模型,采用基于神经网络模式分类的故障诊断方法,应用改进的BP神经网络(SAFMBP)进行飞控系统传感器的故障诊断,最后给出了仿真诊断实例。     

基于遗传模拟退火算法优化的BP神经网络

在研究标准BP神经网络的基础上,针对其存在的收敛速度慢、且容易陷入局部极小值等问题进行分析,设计实现一种采用数值优化的方法来改进BP网络性能的新的混合神经网络模型.通过引入遗传模拟退火算法扩大了网络的权值更新空间,把得到最优权值赋予BP神经网络,从而使优化后的神经网络具有泛化性好,不易陷入局部极小值等优点.与标准BP神...     

PCA-改进RPROP方法的BP算法在音乐信号分类中的应用

针对标准的BP神经网络仅从预测误差负梯度方向修正权值和阈值,学习过程收敛缓慢,并且容易陷入局部最小值,导致泛化能力不足的问题,提出了一种基于学习经验变学习速率改进的RPROP方法作为BP神经网络权值和阈值更新方法,并与主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)相结合,形成了PCA-改进神经网络算法。同时,采用Matlab软件对四类音乐信号进行分类实验。实验结果表明,改进算法比标准算法的稳定识别率提高2.6%,当稳定识别率达到90%时,用时节省75%,表明该算法可以加快网络的收敛过程,提高泛化能力。     

基于改进BP神经网络的煤与瓦斯突出预测系统

针对传统BP神经网络收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小等问题,采用Matlab神经网络工具箱中的自适应学习率VLBP算法和基于数值优化技术的LMBP算法对传统BP神经网络算法进行改进,并设计了基于改进BP神经网络的煤与瓦斯突出预测系统;分别采用传统BP神经网络模型和改进的BP神经网络模型进行煤与瓦斯突出预测实验,结果表明改进的BP神经网络能够更快、更准确地预测煤与瓦斯突出。     

BP神经网络的联合优化算法

针对BP神经网络存在收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小等缺陷,提出了一种自适应调节学习率和动态调整S型激励函数相结合的改进BP算法。该算法将学习率与误差函数相关联,再对每个隐单元和输出单元的激励函数的斜率进行自动调整。通过实例仿真,将改进算法与标准BP算法、加动量项法和自适应学习率法进行比较,来验证所提出方法的有效性。实验结果表明,联合优化的BP算法能有效加快网络的收敛过程,并具有较强的泛化能力。     

基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络漏钢预报的研究

针对标准BP神经网络中收敛速度慢以及易陷入局部最优解等问题,利用粒子群算法的全局搜索性,将粒子群算法应用到BP神经网络训练中建立了PSO-BP神经网络模型,结果表明改进模型不仅可以克服传统BP网络收敛速度慢和易陷入局部权值的局限问题,而且很大程度地提高了结果精度和BP网络学习能力,将此模型应用到结晶器漏钢预报系统中,并用某钢厂采集到的历史数据对该模型进行训练与测试,与标准BP神经网络测试结果进行分析与比较,实验表明PSO-BP网络模型预报更加实时、准确,具有很好的应用前景.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.