高度有序多孔阳极氧化铝膜形成机理的探讨

使用高纯铝片,利用电化学阳极氧化制备了多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜,用原子力显微镜(AFM)对其形貌进行了表征,提出铝阳极氧化过程中纳米孔从无序到有序的自组织模型,探讨了高度有序六角形纳米孔阵列的形成过程,并分析了影响纳米孔有序度的因素及提高有序度的途径.根据自组织模型探讨了长时间阳极氧化和二次氧化条件下形成高度有序六角形纳米孔阵列的机理.     

Nanowires: properties,applications and synthesis via porous anodic aluminium oxide template

Quasi one-dimensional nanowires possess unique electrical, electronic, thermoelectrical, optical, magnetic and chemical properties, which are different from that of their parent counterpart. The physical properties of nanowires are influenced by the morphology of the nanowires, diameter dependent band gap, carrier density of states etc. Nanowires hold lot of promises for different applications. Basic electronic devices like junction diodes, transistors, FETs and logic gates can be fabricated by using semiconductor and superlattice nanowires. Thermoelectric cooling system can be fabricated by using metallic nanowires. Semiconductor nanowire junctions can be used for different opto-electronic applications. Moreover, periodic arrays of magnetic nanowires hold high potential for recording media application. Nanowires are also potential candidates for sensor and bio-medical applications. In the present article, the physical and chemical properties of nanowires along with their probable applications in different fields have been reviewed in detail. The review also includes highlights of the synthesis of nanowires via porous anodic aluminium oxide template since the technique is simple, cost-effective and a low temperature technique.     

Tailoring defect structure and optical absorption of porous anodic aluminum oxide membranes

Defects influence the optical and electronic properties of nanostructured materials that may be relevant for applications. In self-organized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates we have investigated the effect of annealing, doping and nanoscale metal deposition. Optical absorption spectroscopy has been used as a sensitive probe for the defect density in AAO templates. The electronic spectra are found to be dominated by bands which originate from oxygen-deficient color centers (F⁺, F and F₂). In annealing studies, the integrated absorption of the bands changes non-monotonically with annealing temperature and annealing time. This demonstrates that the concentration of defects can be optimized to tailor the optical properties of the AAO. Metallic Au wires are deposited in the template to establish a plasmonic template or array. The investigations provide an interesting insight into the interplay of reactivity and diffusivity on nanoscales.     

Synthesis of single-crystalline silver sulfide nanowires by diffusion in porous anodic aluminium oxide template

Highly ordered single-crystalline silver sulfide (Ag₂S) nanowires have been successfully achieved directly using silver nitrate and thioacetamide (TAA) as the reactants, by diffusion in the channels of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane. The products have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results of the research show that the as-prepared Ag₂S nanowires are monodisperse with sizes of about 50 nm in diameter, closely corresponding to the pore size of the AAO membrane. Furthermore, its photoluminescence properties and the growth mechanism are also discussed.     

磁性金属纳米结构的制备与表征

采用电化学沉积方法成功地制备了高度有序的镍纳米管/线阵列结构,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对产物的微观形貌和化学结构进行了表征和分析.测试结果显示,镍纳米结构阵列规整,镍纳米管壁具有多晶体结构;X射线衍射图谱表明,镍纳米管壁具有较高的结晶度.研究了沉积时间对镍纳米结构的影响.     

窄直径分布竹节状纳米碳管膜的制备和表征

采用短时间一次阳极氧化法制备了纳米级孔氧化铝(AAO)模板,有效地缩短了模板的制备时间,获得的AAO模板孔洞排列有序程度虽有所下降,但分布依然均匀.该模板有效地增加了表面积,为金属沉积提供了均匀的纳米孔洞.采用电沉积法在AAO模板上沉积了颗粒尺寸一致且分布均匀的钴催化剂层后,用CVD法在该模板上生长纳米碳管.经SEM和TEM观察,所制得的纳米碳管密度高直径分布均匀,具有单一的竹节状结构,而且直径远小于孔径.试用了生长动力学来解释这种竹节状纳米碳管的形成原因.     

Study of (Zr,Ti)CN, (Zr,Hf)CN and (Zr,Nb)CN films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering

(Zr,Ti)CN, (Zr,Hf)CN and (Zr,Nb)CN coatings, in which Ti, Hf and Nb were added to ZrCN base compound, have been prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. The coatings, with two different non-metal/metal ratios, were comparatively investigated in terms of elemental and phase composition, texture, surface morphology, hardness and friction performance. It has been shown that the films exhibit nanocomposite structures, consisting of a mixture of crystalline metal carbonitride and amorphous carbon. As compared with ternary ZrCN coatings, the quaternary coatings were found to exhibit superior mechanical and friction characteristics. In general, the films with higher non-metal content revealed finer morphologies, higher hardness and lower friction coefficient. Depending on the coating type and non-metal/metal ratio, the hardness values ranged from about 21 to 29 GPa, being higher than those of ZrCN reference films. The coefficients of friction varied from 0.2 to 0.5, the lowest values being obtained for the coatings with the highest non-metal content.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of BiOCl nanowire arrays

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanowire arrays have been successfully prepared employing the Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) template assisted sol-gel method. Nanowires of 100 nm diameter and length 2-6 μm, assembled in the porous of AAO templates, were formed. XRD and HRTEM results show that the nanowires are pure BiOCl polycrystal phase without Bi₂O₃ or BiCl₃. The photocatalytic activity of BiOCl nanowire arrays was investigated by the degradation of Rhodamine B dye solution under UV irradiation.     

Growth of the nickel nanorod arrays fabricated using electrochemical deposition on anodized Al templates

It has long been problematic to remove the oxide barrier layer between the template nanopores and the aluminum base in the electrochemical deposition of metallic nanorods into the anodic aluminum oxide template. A novel method has been developed to solve this problem by simply reducing the voltage in a stepwise method in the anodation process. Using the developed method, we have been able to obtain ordered nickel nanorod arrays with regular rods of controllable sizes. Mechanism of the growth was discussed.     

铀表面纳米铌镀层的结构及其抗腐蚀性能

铌镀层硬度高,化学稳定性好,抗大气腐蚀性能优良,与铀的热膨胀系数接近,可作为铀的防腐蚀镀层,过去对该镀层结构研究不够.为此,采用磁控溅射离子镀技术在贫铀表面以不同偏压制备了铌镀层,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对镀层的组织结构进行了表征,利用电化学测试技术对铀表面铌镀层在含50 μg Cl~-的KCl水溶液中的抗腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明:铌镀层平整致密,但存在靶材飞溅颗粒形成的镀层缺陷,铌镀层为bcc结构,存在择优取向与晶粒细化等特性,为纳米层;在含50μg/g Cl~-的KCl溶液中,金属铌的腐蚀电位-138.5mV高于贫铀的腐蚀电位-641.2 mV,铌镀层对贫铀是一种阴极性镀层,对贫铀的保护基于其对腐蚀介质的物理屏障作用;镀铌贫铀样品的极化电阻和电化学阻抗幅值远大于贫铀,腐蚀电流远小于贫铀,铌镀层对贫铀基体具有良好的腐蚀防护作用.     

Calculation of the P–T phase diagram of hafnium

The FP-LMTO method is used to calculate the total energy and equilibrium lattice properties for the observed phases of hafnium (Hf). The temperature dependences of the Gibbs energy are found for these structures within the Debye model. A quantitative agreement with the experimental points of the P–T phase diagram is obtained.     

CuS纳米线阵列的制备

将多孔阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)的电化学沉积技术与真空硫化技术相结合,在制备Cu纳米线的基础之上,制备得到了CuS纳米线阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜电镜和X射线衍射仪对二次氧化的AAO模板和所得Cu与CuS纳米线的形貌和结构进行了表征,结果表明所得CuS纳米线不仅具有良好的有序阵列,而且具有多晶结构.在硫化过程中,随着硫化温度的升高,CuS结晶程度增大,在500～550℃时,达到最大的结晶程度.     

阳极氧化铝模板制备过程的分析和应用

用电化学法制备了阳极氧化铝模板,采用计算机对反应电流监控的方法,分析电流曲线与模板生长过程的关系,实现了模板生长过程的精密控制。     

Nb10Zr靶材制备工艺研究

研究了Nb10Zr铸锭预处理、锻造、轧制、热处理等工艺及Nb10Zr靶材的制备工艺。结果表明,1450℃保温90 min的铸锭预处理,可以改善锻造塑性;1 300℃径向圆周锻造、1 000℃轧制及1 200~1 450℃热处理,可以避免锻造和轧制开裂,晶粒度达到8级且组织均匀。     

Microwave absorption studies in field-cooled hafnium doped YBaCuO

The differential microwave absorption is studied in the field-cooled samples. Flux-trapping during field-cooling is clearly demonstrated. Glassy behaviour starts appearing for fields greater than the lower intergranular critical field revealed by the difference between field-cooled and zero-field-cooled cases. Results can be understood in terms of super-conducting cluster model.     

溶胶-凝胶模板法合成MnO2纳米线

本文通过两步阳极氧化在 0 .5M硫酸和 5g L草酸混合溶液中制得多孔氧化铝膜 ,经 5wt%的磷酸扩孔处理得到具有孔径大小均一 ,排列有序 ,并具有一定厚度的阳极氧化铝模板 (AAO) ,以该氧化膜为模板 ,用溶胶 凝胶法在其微孔内合成了MnO2 纳米线。利用扫描电镜 (SEM)对模板和纳米线材料的形貌进行了表征 ,发现氧化铝模板微孔直径为 75± 2nm ,MnO2 纳米线直径在 70nm左右 ,长度为 5 0 0～ 70 0nm。通过X 射线衍射 (XRD)检测可知该纳米线为α MnO2 。循环伏安 (CV)表明α MnO2 纳米线在 2 .0mol L (NH4 ) 2 SO4 溶液中具有优良的电容行为 ,比电容达 1 6 5F g ,是一种理想的超级电容器电极材料。     

直流电沉积CdS纳米线的研究

在磷酸溶液中,采用二次铝阳极氧化法得到了多孔铝阳极氧化膜(AAO)．以AAO为模板,选用直流电沉积方法在孔内组装CdS半导体纳米线,溶去模板后,获得粗细均一、直径约为100nm、长度约为1．5μm的纳米线,与AAO模板的孔径一致．该方法在制备过程中,无需对AAO模板进行去除阻挡层、喷金或预镀金属等处理过程,而是直接在纳米孔内电沉积CdS,形成CdS半导体纳米线阵列．该方法工艺简单,操作方便,容易获得半导体CdS的一维纳米材料．TEM和XRD测试结果表明,CdS纳米线为六方晶型结构．对CdS纳米线的生长机理还进行了初步的分析和探讨．     

装甲铝合金显微硬度及微动磨损对其影响的研究

利用MH-6型显微硬度仪和MGW-01高频往复式微动磨损试验机进行7A52装甲铝合金的显微硬度测试和微动磨损试验,分析不同取向表面显微硬度及微动磨损试验对显微硬度的影响。结果表明不同取向表面显微硬度基本相同,试验范围内微动磨损表面显微硬度比基体表面显微硬度增加。