荚膜组织胞浆菌素纯蛋白衍生物的制备

目的研制荚膜组织胞浆菌素纯蛋白衍生物。方法采用液体表面膜培养方法培养荚膜组织胞浆菌,培养液经盐析和弱酸沉淀法纯化,再经透析和除菌,制成荚膜组织胞浆菌素纯蛋白衍生物原液,并进行豚鼠的皮肤反应试验和安全性检测。结果荚膜组织胞浆菌素纯蛋白衍生物的蛋白纯度达80%以上,其1μg/ml的浓度诱导的豚鼠皮肤反应与国外同类制品等效,且具有良好的安全性。结论荚膜组织胞浆菌素纯蛋白衍生物可作为体内诊断制品,用于检查人体荚膜组织胞浆菌的感染以及荚膜组织胞浆菌病的临床诊断。     

荚膜组织胞浆菌和马尔尼菲青霉菌鉴定分析

目的鉴定引起组织胞浆菌病和马尔尼菲青霉菌病的对应病原菌荚膜组织胞浆菌(HC)和马尔尼菲青霉菌(P.mar)。方法分别把骨髓直接涂片瑞氏染色(Wright's stain)镜检且接种于双相培养基35℃孵育,待生长后涂片检查并转种血琼脂和沙保弱培养基上,分别于25℃及35℃孵育,观察生长情况及菌落形态,进行涂片显微镜检。对二者作认真细致的比较。结果HC在骨髓直接涂片瑞氏染色中均呈大小一致的圆形或卵圆形孢子,胞浆多呈半月形并集中于孢子一端,孢子边缘有染色过程中皱缩所致的未染色区域(似荚膜)。P.mar在涂片中可见具有诊断意义的有横隔腊肠形孢子细胞或椭圆孢子细胞;HC在沙保弱培养基(SDAI)25℃条件下呈典型的梨形厚壁孢子和齿轮状大分生孢子。P.mar25℃条件下则呈现具特征性水溶性玫瑰红色素及镜下典型的的双轮生青霉帚状枝。结论HC和P.ma在骨髓涂片镜检的典型形态上有区别,真菌培养是确定并能严格区分此二者的可靠方法。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白对不同分枝杆菌致敏动物的鉴别作用

目的探讨结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白对不同分枝杆菌致敏动物的鉴别作用。方法以不同分枝杆菌分别致敏豚鼠,致敏成功后,每只豚鼠皮内分别注射结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)。用双盲法记录注射后24和48h注射局部硬结的纵径和横径,计算其均值。结果PPD对结核分枝杆菌活菌、死菌和卡介苗致敏豚鼠的皮肤反应均为阳性,局部硬结直径分别为(13.91±1.04)mm、(13.11±1.40)mm和(13.16±1.43)mm。结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白对结核分枝杆菌活菌致敏豚鼠的皮肤反应为强阳性(≥10mm),局部硬结直径为(10.53±2.66)mm;对结核分枝杆菌死菌致敏豚鼠的皮肤反应为弱阳性(≤5mm)或阴性,局部硬结直径为(1.61±1.39)mm;对卡介苗致敏豚鼠的皮肤反应为阴性,局部硬结直径为0。结论结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白可鉴别结核分枝杆菌活菌、死菌和卡介苗致敏动物。     

卡介菌纯蛋白衍生物的稳定性评价

目的评价卡介菌纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative of BCG,BCG-PPD)的稳定性。方法将3批BCGPPD样品置2~8℃存放30个月,分别于第0、3、6、9、12、18、24、30个月进行物理外观检查、pH和效价测定,第0、12、18、24、30个月同时进行鉴别试验、无菌试验、装量差异、异常毒性及苯酚含量检测;于(25±2)℃条件下存放12个月,第0、1、2、3、6、9、12个月进行物理外观检查、pH和效价测定;于(37±2)℃条件下存放12周,在第0、1、2、3、4、8、12个月进行外观检查、pH和效价测定。结果 3批BCG-PPD于2~8℃存放不同时间样品的鉴别试验、物理外观、装量差异、无菌试验及异常毒性检测结果均合格,pH为7. 12~7. 25,苯酚含量为2. 48~2. 72 g/L,效价为0. 92~1. 13,均呈稳定状态。3批BCG-PPD样品于(25±2)和(37±2)℃条件下保存,物理外观检查均合格,pH分别为7. 12~7. 32和7. 11~7. 20,效价分别为0. 93~1. 06和0. 91~1. 02,均符合要求。结论 BCG-PPD具有良好的稳定性,可满足将其有效期延长至24个月的要求。     

马铃薯晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯和精甲霜灵的敏感性测定

分别测定了2006年采自河北围场60株和黑龙江克山71株马铃薯晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性水平,并同时从围场和克山各选取30株晚疫病菌株,测定这些菌株对精甲霜灵的敏感性.结果表明:围场和克山晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯均表现为敏感,两地菌株的EC50平均值分别为0.0750、0.0789 mg/L,两地总菌株的平均EC50值为0.0771 mg/L,该值可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯抗药性监测的敏感性基线.对精甲霜灵的抗性测定表明:在河北围场所测菌株中,敏感、中抗和高抗的比例分别为46.7%、46.7%和6.6%,最敏感菌株EC50值为0.0226 mg/L,最高抗性菌株EC50值为169.7991 mg/L;而在克山所测菌株中,敏感、巾抗和高抗的比例分别为73.4%、20.0%和6.6%,最敏感菌株EC50值为0.0158 mg/L,最高抗性菌株EC50值为24.3684 mg/L.     

不同信号肽对重组B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌H因子结合蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨不同信号肽对重组B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌H因子结合蛋白(factor H-binding protein,f HBP)表达的影响。方法运用PCR方法将B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌f HBP原始信号肽分别替换为大肠埃希菌主要外膜脂蛋白(major outer membrane lipoprotein,MLP)、脂蛋白-28(lipoprotein-28,LP)和流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae)P4外膜蛋白信号肽,并将其分别连接至p ET-30a表达载体,转化入大肠埃希菌感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白表达水平。结果替换了P4、LP和MLP信号肽的重组B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌f HBP表达量较带原始信号肽的B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌f HBP相比,分别提高了2.68、1.94和2.91倍。结论替换MLP信号肽对重组B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌f HBP蛋白表达的影响最大,为提高B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌f HBP表达量的研究工作提供了新思路。     

不同配方吡唑醚菌酯包衣对玉米茎腐病的防治试验

[目的]明确不同配方的吡唑醚菌酯种衣剂对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果,筛选出最佳种衣剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长法测定吡唑醚菌酯对茎基腐病主要病原菌效果,测定不同吡唑醚菌酯种衣剂对玉米茎基腐病的田间防效。[结果]吡唑醚菌酯+咯菌腈+精甲霜灵和吡唑醚菌酯+精甲霜灵包衣能有效的防治玉米茎基腐病,防效均达到80%以上。     

不同佐剂和免疫途径对结核分枝杆菌多表位融合蛋白TP15免疫原性的影响

目的探讨不同佐剂和免疫途径对结核分枝杆菌多表位融合蛋白TP15免疫原性的影响。方法制备多表位融合蛋白TP15,分别以MF59和h BCG单独或联合作为佐剂,经皮下或肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,采用间接ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗TP15特异性Ig G、Ig G1和Ig G2a抗体,流式细胞术检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞中多功能CD4~+T细胞含量,夹心ELISA法检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中细胞因子IL-1β和IL-12的含量。结果多表位融合蛋白TP15免疫小鼠只产生抗TP15特异性Ig G和Ig G1抗体,不产生Ig G2a抗体。MF59和h BCG单独或联合作为TP15抗原佐剂,皮下注射和肌肉注射均能显著提高机体抗TP15特异性Ig G、Ig G1和Ig G2a抗体水平,且复合佐剂MF59+h BCG的免疫效果更佳。MF59和h BCG单独或联合作为TP15抗原佐剂,皮下注射较肌肉注射更有利于产生Ig G2a抗体,其中复合佐剂MF59+h BCG疫苗免疫小鼠产生Ig G2a抗体的效果最佳,且Ig G1/Ig G2a值显著低于肌肉注射。MF59和h BCG单独或联合作为TP15抗原佐剂经皮下免疫小鼠,脾淋巴细胞IL-2~+CD4~+T细胞含量增加,IL-10~+CD4~+T细胞含量减少,腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β和IL-12水平增强。结论 MF59+h BCG复合佐剂诱导Th1型细胞免疫漂移,且皮下注射免疫效果优于肌肉注射。     

二价重组鸡痘病毒口蹄疫疫苗的豚鼠免疫试验

目的检测携带口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)Asia-1型P1-2A-IL18基因和O型P1-2A-3C基因的重组鸡痘病毒疫苗诱导豚鼠产生特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫的能力。方法将重组鸡痘病毒vUTAL-P1-2A-IL18-P1-2A-3C、w-FPV和PBS分别经肌肉注射免疫豚鼠,检测豚鼠脾T淋巴细胞亚群数量、特异性CTL细胞杀伤活性和血清中抗FMDV特异性抗体水平。结果重组鸡痘病毒免疫豚鼠脾细胞中T淋巴细胞亚群数量和特异性CTL细胞杀伤活性均显著高于w-FPV和PBS对照组,且能产生抗O型和Asia-I型FMDV特异性抗体。结论二价重组鸡痘病毒口蹄疫疫苗能诱导豚鼠产生特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

Simultaneous extraction and determination of lead, cadmium and copper in rice samples by a new pre-concentration technique: Hollow fiber solid phase microextraction combined with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

In the present work, a novel solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique using a hollow fiber-supported sol–gel combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, coupled with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was employed in the simultaneous extraction and determination of lead, cadmium and copper in rice. In this technique, an innovative solid sorbent containing mixture of carbon nanotube and a composite microporous compound was developed by the sol–gel method via the reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol (TRIS). The growth process was initiated in basic condition (pH 10–11). Afterward this sol was injected into a polypropylene hollow fiber segment for in situ gelation process. The main factors influencing the pre-concentration and extraction of the metal ions; pH of the aqueous feed solution, extraction time, aqueous feed volume, agitation speed, the role of carbon nanotube reinforcement (as-grown and functionalized MWCNT) and salting effect have been examined in detail. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration curves were established for the concentration of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) in the range of 0.05–500, 0.05–500 and 0.01–100 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. Detection limits obtained in this way are, 0.01, 0.025 and 0.0073 ng mL⁻¹ for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were found to be less than 5% (n = 5, conc.: 1.0 ng mL⁻¹).     

TXNDC5, a Newly Discovered Disulfide Isomerase with a Key Role in Cell Physiology and Pathology

Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family, acting as a chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum under not fully characterized conditions As a result, TXNDC5 interacts with many cell proteins, contributing to their proper folding and correct formation of disulfide bonds through its thioredoxin domains. Moreover, it can also work as an electron transfer reaction, recovering the functional isoform of other protein disulfide isomerases, replacing reduced glutathione in its role. Finally, it also acts as a cellular adapter, interacting with the N-terminal domain of adiponectin receptor. As can be inferred from all these functions, TXNDC5 plays an important role in cell physiology; therefore, dysregulation of its expression is associated with oxidative stress, cell ageing and a large range of pathologies such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, vitiligo and virus infections. Its implication in all these important diseases has made TXNDC5 a susceptible biomarker or even a potential pharmacological target.     

Preliminary Evidence on the Diagnostic and Molecular Role of Circulating Soluble EGFR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Assessment of biological diagnostic factors providing clinically-relevant information to guide physician decision-making are still needed for diseases with poor outcomes, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising molecule in the clinical management of NSCLC. While the EGFR transmembrane form has been extensively investigated in large clinical trials, the soluble, circulating EGFR isoform (sEGFR), which may have a potential clinical use, has rarely been considered. This study investigates the use of sEGFR as a potential diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC and also characterizes the biological function of sEGFR to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the course of action of this protein. Plasma sEGFR levels from a heterogeneous cohort of 37 non-advanced NSCLC patients and 54 healthy subjects were analyzed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biological function of sEGFR was analyzed in vitro using NSCLC cell lines, investigating effects on cell proliferation and migration. We found that plasma sEGFR was significantly decreased in the NSCLC patient group as compared to the control group (median value: 48.6 vs. 55.6 ng/mL respectively; p = 0.0002). Moreover, we demonstrated that sEGFR inhibits growth and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro through molecular mechanisms that included perturbation of EGF/EGFR cell signaling and holoreceptor internalization. These data show that sEGFR is a potential circulating biomarker with a physiological protective role, providing a first approach to the functional role of the soluble isoform of EGFR. However, the impact of these data on daily clinical practice needs to be further investigated in larger prospective studies.     

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTPs)及其抑制剂的研究进展

蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶家族是细胞信号转导中的重要调节因子,参与多种细胞功能的调控,在调控细胞生命活动中起着重要作用。蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶的生理功能与诸多人类疾病有密切关系,例如癌症、糖尿病和免疫紊乱等。蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶已经成为治疗上述疾病的靶标。文章综述了近年来蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶及其抑制剂的研究进展。     

25%阿克泰水分散剂对温室白粉虱和苹果黄蚜的药效试验

研究了25％阿克泰水分散剂不同浓度对花卉温室白粉虱、苹果黄蚜的防治效果。结果表明：25％阿克泰水分散刑对温室白粉虱、苹果黄蚜有较好的防治效果，其持效期为15～20d，田间适宜稀释倍数为5000～7500倍。     

Lipid transfers to HDL are diminished in long-term bedridden patients: association with low HDL-cholesterol and increased inflammatory markers

Plasma lipids have been extensively studied in sedentary and in subjects practicing exercise training, but not in extreme inactivity as occurs in bedridden patients. This is important for the care of bedridden patients and understanding the overall plasma lipid regulation. Here, we investigated plasma lipids, lipid transfers to HDL and inflammatory markers in bedridden patients. Fasting blood samples were collected from 23 clinically stable bedridden patients under long‐term care (>90 days) and 26 normolipidemic sedentary subjects, paired for age and gender. In vitro transfer of four lipids to HDL was performed by incubating plasma with donor nanoparticles containing radioactive lipids. Total (193 ± 36 vs 160 ± 43, p = 0.005), LDL (124 ± 3 vs 96 ± 33 p = 0.003) and HDL‐cholesterol (45 ± 10 vs 36 ± 13, p = 0.008), apolipoprotein A‐I (134 ± 20 vs 111 ± 24, p = 0.001) and oxidized LDL (53 ± 13 vs 43 ± 12, p = 0.011) were lower in bedridden patients, whereas triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, CETP and LCAT were equal in both groups. Transfers of all lipids, namely unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, to HDL were lower in bedridden patients, probably due to their lower HDL‐cholesterol levels. Concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, HGF and NGF were higher in bedridden patients compared to sedentary subjects. In conclusion, inactivity had great impact on HDL, by lowering HDL‐cholesterol, apolipoprotein A‐I and thereby cholesterol transfers to the lipoprotein, which suggests that inactivity may deteriorate HDL protection beyond the ordinary sedentary condition.     

Differential Effects of Somatostatin,Octreotide, and Lanreotide on Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Proliferation in Established and Primary NET Cell Lines: Possible Crosstalk with TGF-β Signaling

GEP-NETs are heterogeneous tumors originating from the pancreas (panNET) or the intestinal tract. Only a few patients with NETs are amenable to curative tumor resection, and for most patients, only palliative treatments to successfully control the disease or manage symptoms remain, such as with synthetic somatostatin (SST) analogs (SSAs), such as octreotide (OCT) or lanreotide (LAN). However, even cells expressing low levels of SST receptors (SSTRs) may exhibit significant responses to OCT, which suggests the possibility that SSAs signal through alternative mechanisms, e.g., transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. This signaling mode has been demonstrated in the established panNET line BON but not yet in other permanent (i.e., QGP) or primary (i.e., NT-3) panNET-derived cells. Here, we performed qPCR, immunoblot analyses, and cell counting assays to assess the effects of SST, OCT, LAN, and TGF-β1 on neuroendocrine marker expression and cell proliferation in NT-3, QGP, and BON cells. SST and SSAs were found to regulate a set of neuroendocrine genes in all three cell lines, with the effects of SST, mainly LAN, often differing from those of OCT. However, unlike NT-3 cells, BON cells failed to respond to OCT with growth arrest but paradoxically exhibited a growth-stimulatory effect after treatment with LAN. As previously shown for BON, NT-3 cells responded to TGF-β1 treatment with induction of expression of SST and SSTR2/5. Of note, the ability of NT-3 cells to respond to TGF-β1 with upregulation of the established TGF-β target gene SERPINE1 depended on cellular adherence to a collagen-coated matrix. Moreover, when applied to NT-3 cells for an extended period, i.e., 14 days, TGF-β1 induced growth suppression as shown earlier for BON cells. Finally, next-generation sequencing-based identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BON and NT-3 revealed that SST and OCT impact positively or negatively on the regulation of specific miRNAs. Our results suggest that primary panNET cells, such as NT-3, respond similarly as BON cells to SST, SSA, and TGF-β treatment and thus provide circumstantial evidence that crosstalk of SST and TGF-β signaling is not confined to BON cells but is a general feature of panNETs.