结合PU学习的遥感影像建筑物自动提取方法

针对目前基于机器学习的高分辨率遥感影像的地物提取方法往往需要大量标记样本训练模型的问题，提出了一种利用正样本和未标记样本学习的遥感影像建筑物自动提取方法。首先，利用面向对象的图像分析方法对遥感影像进行分割从而产生地理对象；其次，基于影像建筑物阴影特征和边缘特征提取建筑物像素，结合分割结果自动获取正样本；再次，利用已提取的正样本和剩余的未标记样本训练Bagging-PU分类器对建筑物进行提取；最后，通过基于邻域统计的二值化处理得到建筑物检测最终结果。该方法实现了训练样本标签的自动获取，不需要外部标签样本输入，就能够自动从遥感影像中提取建筑物。在ISPRS(Vaihingen)数据集上的实验表明，该方法提取结果总体精度达到0.928,F1分数为0.864。     

遥感影像土地分类结果的矢量化研究

阐述了将遥感影像的土地利用分类结果由栅格数据格式转换为矢量数据格式的一种较为通用的方法,即经过影像分类提取相关的土地利用专题信息,如地表水体分布信息、建设用地(包括建筑物和道路)分布信息等,再通过对分类结果数据的处理和转换,获取GIS矢量数据,以满足进一步的专题信息制图和数据库建设等方面的应用需要.     

窗户纹理的时频描述及其在建筑物提取中的应用

航空影像中，窗户纹理的合理描述对建筑物提取具有重要意义。依据灰度图像中窗户区域呈现出的明暗变化规律，在建筑物垂直边缘检测的基础上，利用时频分析和Radon变换描述了窗户纹理的周期性和方向性。实验结果表明，合理地描述窗户纹理可用于获取较高层建筑物存在的确凿证据、其垂直边缘的准确位置以及局部墙面水平方向，其为建筑物检测和三维信息的获取提供了一条新的有利途径。     

高分辨率卫星影像在城市建筑物识别中的初步应用

在对试验区IKONOS卫星高分辨率影像预处理的基础上，采用HIS变换法对1m分辨率全色影像和4m分辨率多光谱影像进行了融合处理；通过建筑物阴影提取了建筑物高程，采用正交小波变换方法提取了图像的纹理信息；采用了四种不同的特征图像组合方式，对试验区高，中，低层建筑物进行了分类。研究表明，由融合图像，高程信息和纹理信息参与的分类结果精度最高，对高层建筑物分类的精度可达80%。     

基于基元的高分辨率遥感建筑物提取研究

如何自动地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取建筑物等人工目标是高分辨率遥感影像处理与理解领域的一个热点与难点问题,建筑物作为人类改变自然界的标志性地物之一,其各种信息的快速自动提取是地形测图和城市地理数据更新的重要步骤,也是衡量人类活动的主要因素之一.本文提出了影像-基元-目标的影像分析方法,首先对高分辨率遥感影像进行特征提取,通过聚类方法形成不同基元,在此基础上对相应的基元特征进行分析及建筑物模式的匹配,完成建筑物的自动提取过程,相应方法也可以推广到其他目标地物的识别过程.     

基于MMBI的高分辨率影像建筑物提取研究

利用高空间分辨率遥感影像准确提取建筑物信息是在更精细尺度上分析、管理人类活动的重要途径,但建筑物形态的多样性、复杂性使得建筑物提取方法在精度、效率等方面依然面临挑战。基于高分辨率影像中建筑物所呈现的多种形状及结构特点,通过发展形态学建筑物指数并结合具有良好保边去噪性能的引导滤波,提出了基于多结构元素形态学建筑物指数(MMBI)的建筑物提取方法。将之应用于具有不同特征的GeoEye-1影像建筑物提取实验,并与MBI方法进行比较,发现该方法准确率达到88.2%以上,比MBI的准确率提高了约5%,且漏检率下降近6%。结果表明:MMBI方法能够快速、准确地提取出高分辨率影像中的建筑物区域,在建筑物的自动化提取方面具有较好的应用前景。     

一种城市三维建模的集成处理方法

在对AutoCAD和MapInfo的数据结构进行分析比较的基础上，首先提出了从CAD图形符合及注记中，提高取程点、高程值以及相关属性信息的面积匹配与类型转换的方法；然后创建了基于CAD线划建筑物的重现点-线拓扑关系生成多边形的方法；最后实现了地形高程与建筑物空间及其属性特征值的自动获取，在此基础上进一步构建了城市DEM模型和实现了三维影象显示，形成了由CAD数据→GIS矢量数据→GIS栅格数据→三维影像的一种城市三维建模的集成处理方法，该方法较之工程化的航空摄影测量方法简单、快速、具有较大的实有价值，另外，还以苏州市32 号街坊的地形数据为例进行了实验，获得了较好的实验结果。     

一种形态重建的遥感影像城市道路提取方法研究

以QuickBird多光谱影像为例,提出一种从高分辨率遥感影像中提取城市道路的方法。首先利用直方图均衡化对原始遥感影像作增强处理,突出影像的边缘信息。用Otsu自动阈值分割法对增强处理后的图像进行初步分割,提取出城市道路和房屋等建筑物。根据图像中各类要素的形态特征差别构建不同的标记图像,采用不同的结构元素构建道路模型,用该模型对阈值分割后的图像进行形态重构,分别提取出城市道路和建筑物。对形态重构生成的道路模块进行优化处理,提取出城市道路轮廓。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取出城市道路网。     

一种面向对象的高分辨率影像道路提取方法

高分辨率遥感影像为用户提供了丰富的地表细节信息, 如何利用图像分析技术从高分辨率遥感影像中进行目标提取、更新地理信息数据库, 成为遥感信息处理研究的热点。传统的道路提取方法一般采用像素级检测方法, 仅利用了像素的光谱信息作为道路提取的依据, 无法利用影像的空间信息。提出了一种面向对象的高分辨率卫星影像道路提取方法, 并选取南京市IKONOS 影像进行了实验。首先, 对影像进行分割获取影像对象, 再通过对IKONOS 影像中道路特征的分析, 利用影像对象的光谱特征、几何特征和空间关系建立知识库, 最后, 利用知识库中的规则来提取影像中的道路。实验结果表明采用本方法能够较好地提取出实验区中的道路。     

基于高空间分辨率与立体像对遥感数据的建筑物三维信息提取

准确获取建筑的三维分布信息对于城市规划与管理、灾害风险评估与防范以及灾后救助等都具有非常重要的意义。针对目前建筑物信息提取研究集中于二维平面信息提取,三维信息提取研究较少,且方法自动化程度较低,实用性和和推广性不足,提出了综合立体像对和高空间分辨率两种遥感数据进行建筑物三维信息提取的方法。首先,基于小波变换融合方法对GeoEye\|1高空间分辨率全色和多光谱影像进行融合,然后运用面向对象方法对融合后的高空间分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物基底轮廓提取,再利用IRS\|P5立体像对反演地物高度,最后通过数据整合获得研究区建筑物的三维空间分布。研究结果表明:该方法可以充分利用不同遥感数据的优势,获得较高的提取精度;研究所需数据容易获取,方法具有较好的可操作性和推广性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.