双足型直线超声电机的设计及实验

研制了一种双足型直线超声电机；对其驱动机理进行了探讨，对定子表面质点椭圆运动的形成进行了分析；对定子进行了频率响应实验，分析了振子驱动足的运动干扰性。分别测定了电机的频率-速度关系、电压-速度关系、相位-速度关系。实验结果表明，双足型直线超声电机对制作工艺敏感系数小，易激发出有用模态，正反两向运动灵活，工作状态稳定，速度基本与输入电压成正比，可采用调压调速。     

双足型直线超声电机的实验研究

研制了一种新型直线超声电机,首先对其驱动机理进行了探讨,设计了电机的具体结构。其次对振子进行了频率响应实验,模态实验,实验表明电机可有效激励出所需振型。分别测定了电机的频率-速度关系、电压-速度关系、相位-速度关系。电机运行中正反两向运动灵活,工作状态稳定,速度基本与输入电压成正比,可采用调压调速;其最大无负载速度可达76 mm/s,最大输出推力2 N,达到了预期设计的目的。     

运行于真空环境下的超声电机的速度测试与控制

超声电机是一种新型作动器,在航空航天、半导体加工等领域中有着广阔的应用前景。由于超声电机是利用摩擦传动,随着电机运行的时间增加,其温度不断上升,谐振频率随之漂移导致电机速度波动。特别是在真空环境下,由于缺少空气传导与对流换热,超声电机的温升较常态下更为明显。本文研制了基于单片机的速度测试控制系统,根据超声电机运行速度与其驱动频率之间的关系,利用模糊PI方法控制超声电机以期望速度运行于真空环境。实验结果表明利用该系统,可控制超声电机长时间稳定运行于真空环境下（最高真空度可达0.003pa）,速度偏差控制在1转以内。     

直线超声电机特性测试系统的设计及试验

针对现有直线超声电机特性测试系统存在的测试精度低、功能单一和自动化程度低的问题,笔者设计了一种直线超声电机特性测试系统,主要由电机驱动模块、数据采集模块和测试控制及数据处理模块3部分组成。电机驱动模块以STM32F429微控制器为核心,可方便实现对驱动信号的电压、相位以及频率等参数调节;数据采集模块主要由位移传感器、拉压力传感器和高速数据采集卡组成;测试控制数据处理模块主要由PC机实现。利用该系统对一种蝶形直线超声电机的机械特性和瞬态特性进行了测试,结果表明:该系统可很好地实现对直线超声电机的特性测试,而且操作简便,易于扩展。     

四足直线超声电机模态频率一致性调节

在分析四足直线超声电机工作机理的基础之上,指出超声电机定子两工作模态频率不一致会影响超声电机的输出性能和效率。针对这一问题,根据初等结构摄动理论,结合四足直线超声电机定子动力学方程,借助有限元分析软件,找到了调节四足直线超声电机定子两相工作模态频率一致性调节的合理位置,以及对该位置进行修改时修改量与定子两工作模态频率差值的关系。对某一样机定子进行了频率一致性调节试验,该样机定子两相模态频率差值从调节前的400Hz减小到82Hz。试验结果表明,采用这一方法对四足直线超声电机定子模态频率进行一致性调节是方便且有效可行的。     

双振子弯曲模态直线超声电机的结构设计

通过直线超声电机的结构形式和夹持方式的设计,改善电机的速度稳定性。提出了一款新型直线超声电机。该电机采用矩形板结构,它仅利用了矩形板结构的弯曲振动,有利于提高电机的输出效率;采用双振子结构,有利于提高电机双向速度一致性;单个振子采用一端铰支的夹持方式,有利于提高电机的结构稳定性和速度稳定性。探讨了定子的夹持形式对定子的运动自由度、结构稳定性和速度稳定性的影响规律,提出了有利于结构稳定、速度稳定的定子形式和加持方式;通过ANSYS仿真估算定子振动的对称和反对称模态频率,通过结构优化提高两相模态频率一致性。     

低压驱动Ⅴ形直线超声电机的设计

针对传统Ⅴ形直线超声电机驱动电压较大、驱动电路复杂,在配合变压器驱动时不利于结构微型化的问题,提出了一种利用叠层压电陶瓷驱动的低压Ⅴ形直线超声电机。在对Ⅴ形直线超声电机的运行机理进行理论分析的基础上,设计了基于叠层压电陶瓷的Ⅴ形振子并进行了夹持装置的结构设计,进一步制作样机并开展了阻抗实验,测试了样机的外输出特性。实验结果表明:电机的驱动频率位于36～38 kHz,在37 kHz,50 Vpp的驱动电压激励下,其最大输出力为25.8 N,最高空载速度为1.221 m/s,可在低压驱动下输出大推力,直线超声电机的驱动性能得到了提高。     

超声电机驱动实验平台

开发了一种基于计算机并行端口的超声电机驱动实验平台，该系统采用上下位机通讯方案，上位机完成数据处理和人机交互，下位机采用数字合成技术(DDS)产生两路可调频、调相、调幅的超声频段信号．经功率放大后驱动电机，同时采集超声电机的实时工作状态信号，通过上位机测控软件进行显示、分析和处理，为电机控制方案的确定奠定基础。     

直线电机系统的开发研究与应用

由清华大学完成的“直线电机系统的开发研究与应用”课题，在控制系统方面，构建了专用高推力永磁交流直线电机全数字伺服驱动控制的软硬件平台，实现包括位置环、速度环和电流环在内的全数字闭环控制，实践推力波动及伺服控制系统相关参数的辨识算法，探索克服高推力永磁交流直线电机固有的端部效应和齿槽力的补偿控制算法，最终完成高推力永磁交流直线电机的高精度全数字伺服驱动控制器的实验平台和原型样机。     

基于虚拟仪器的直线超声电机机械特性测试

针对直线超声电机机械特性测试问题,建立了基于虚拟仪器的直线超声电机机械特性测试系统。设计了力与速度测试系统,为测试的直线电机提供加载,配置的压力传感器与直线型光电编码器分别用于电机输出力与速度的测量,利用虚拟仪器技术搭建了测试硬件平台。利用虚拟仪器编程语言LabVIEW对各个模块进行软件设计,以实现各自的功能。利用该系统对杆式直线超声电机和双变幅杆V形直线超声电机的机械特性进行了测试,测试结果证实该测试系统的可行性,为直线超声电机机械特性测试提供了所必需的条件。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.